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Topography and Fractal Characteristics and Their Genesis of the Wudalianchi Volcanic Group in Heilongjiang WANG Jinyu, LIU Yongshun, PAN Meihui, NIE Baofeng, ZOU Wang, LU Zhi, ZHANG Xinyi Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 793-806.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.001 Abstract （165）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （18437KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Save Volcanic topography is essential to study the formation of volcanoes and evolution of planetary morphology.Based on the remote sensing images and DEM data of the Wudalianchi volcanic area, we analyzed fractal characteristics and performed the comprehensive interpretation in its formation, and discussed the complex genetic mechanisms of the geomorphic system in this volcanic area.The results show that (1) volcanic cones and lava topography constitute the surface morphology with low undulation frequency in the area, and the number of composite volcanic cones distributed along the fractures affects the topographic complexity in this direction.(2) The topography of this area shows a fractal structure of multiscale domains and a small fractal dimension (D≈2), which was presumably influenced by the extensive lava topography and low volcanic cones.The fractal dimensions of the topographic profiles in the directions of fractures show that the geomorphic anisotropy of the three fracture directions in the Wudalianchi volcanic area is relatively small (D=1.142-1.275), and the difference between Dmax and Dmin is only 0.133.However, the fractal dimensions in the NE direction are large (DNE=1.223-1.275), which is the principal fracture direction affecting the volcanic topography.(3) The topographic characteristics of the volcanic group are determined by internal and external agents, and two sets of fractural structures (deep and shallow fractures) and magmatic systems are the main factors affecting its topographic features at the present stage.The role of external agent in stochastic coarsening at the meso-to-micro scale is intensifying, but synergistic antagonism has not yet prevailed at the macro scale, and the complex regional topography of the volcanic group has not yet changed.Remote sensing spectral features and topographic analyses are effective to investigate the volcanic topography, and the quantitative fractal characteristics can interpret the topographic characteristics at different scales and becoming a novel approach to study volcanic topography and their genesis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatiotemporal Evolution and Assessment of Ecological and Geological Environment Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River from 1995 to 2020 JI Yang, BA Renji, XIAO Chengzhi, LIU Lei, ZHOU Xueni, CAO Yating Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 648-659.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.037 Abstract （160）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （12852KB）（198）       Knowledge map    Save The upper reaches of the Minjiang river are key barriers of ecological safety in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river. Since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the underground rock masses, surface matrix, and aboveground ecology were severely damaged. To investigate the status of ecological and geological safety in the upper reaches of the Minjiang river before and after the earthquake, we selected 16 evaluation indicators from the two dimensions of “geological environment-ecological environment”. We also evaluated the ecological and geological environment safety of the upper reaches of the Minjiang river basin in 1995, 2001, 2009, and 2020 based on the AHP-PCA entropy-combination weight method, and furthermore analyzed its evolution trend. The results indicate that the overall ecological and geological environments in the upper reaches of the Minjiang river basin are generally safe. Specifically, the ecological and geological environments are relatively safer in the central and eastern regions of the basin, while the relatively less safe or unsafe regions are mainly distributed in the western and northern high mountain areas and deep valley areas. This presents a general pattern of high safety in the central and eastern regions and low safety in the western and northern regions. From 1995 to 2020, the overall ecological and geological environment safety in the upper reaches of the Minjiang river showed a trend of decreasing at the beginning and then gradually increasing. The ecological and geological environment safety in the northern and deep valley areas of the watershed fluctuates greatly, showing an increasing-decreasing-increasing trend and unstable ecological and geological environments. The overall safety of the ecological and geological environments in the southwest is reduced after the earthquake. Although the reduced area gradually decreases, the overall ecological and geological environments continue deteriorating. The overall safety of the ecological and geological environments in the central part of the basin is generally increasing and the area is gradually increa-sing. The results of this study provide theoretical basis for the ecological protection and restoration in the upper reaches of the Minjiang river. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Carbon Stocks in Different Land-use Types in the Yiluo River Basin in the Middle Section of the Yellow River from 1990 to 2050 YUAN Jianglong, LIU Xiaohuang, LI Hongyu, XING Liyuan, LUO Xinping, WANG Ran, WANG Chao, ZHAO Honghui Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 559-573.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.035 Abstract （148）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （11841KB）（229）       Knowledge map    Save The change of land-use type is the key influence factor of regional carbon stocks, which significantly affects the whole terrestrial ecosystem. Taking the Yiluo River Basin in the middle section of the Yellow River as an study case, we assessed the spatial and temporal variations and influence factors of carbon stocks based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model during 1990—2020. We predicted the land-use types and carbon stock using the coupled PLUS model for the period of 2025-2050. A geoprobe was used to explore the regional carbon stock driving factor. The results show that (1) the land-use types in the Yiluo River Basin shifted to transferring-out with cropland and grassland, and transferring-in with forest land, water-body, and construction land. The regional carbon stock increased by 1.0×107 t from 1990 to 2020, with a continuous drop of carbon stock in the east and a continuous increase in the central and western areas. (2) The predicted overall regional carbon sequestration capacity decreases from 2025 to 2050. Comparing with the historical period, the carbon sequestration capacity in the east continues to decline and the carbon sequestration capacity in the central and western areas changes from a continuous increasing to a trend of overall increasing. the environmental restoration scenario is the most favorable to regional carbon sequestration, while the cultivated land protection scenario is the most unfavorable. (3) The geoprobe results indicate that the q-value (explanatory power) of Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the one-way analysis is 0.561, which has the strongest explanatory power. The q-value of Digital Elevation Model interacting with NDVI in the analysis is 0.592, showing a stronger explanatory power. It is recommended that the economic and agricultural development in the regions with a better economy and flat region (IV12-1) should emphasize the protection of nature. The regions with a better ecology and high altitude (VI22-1 and VI22-3) is recommended to mainly implement the ecological restoration strategy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Key Issues and Reflections on the Systematic Observations and Research System for Natural Resources LIU Xiaohuang, XIONG Maoqiu, MIN Jie, YUAN Jianglong, CHEN Wudi, YAN Yuxiang, LI Zhiheng Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 549-558.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.020 Abstract （143）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （13657KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save Natural resources are the material basis of industrial production and citizen living, hence appropriate exploitation and protection of natural resources have been a long-standing task. Inappropriate exploitation and utilization of natural resources will lead to deterioration of the ecological environment and will affect the econo-mic development. To construct a systematic observations and studies towards an unified management of natural resources, we investigated the relationship between observations and studies of the natural resources and ecosystems, and the relationship between investigation and monitoring. We also selected some sites for systematic field observation and determined the operation mechanism and the issues of concerns to the industries. We also summarized a framework of constructing an observation system and received the results of the pilot observations and investigations. Consequently, we put forward the opinions and suggestions on solving the issues of the construction of the proposed system. The study results provide inspirations and recommendations on constructing an integrated observation and research system for natural resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of Strike-Slip Faults and Exploration Breakthroughs in the Fuman Area, Tarim Basin ZHANG Yintao, YU Yixin, XIE Zhou, SUN Chong, WANG Xiaopeng, SHEN Biao, DU Qirui Geoscience    2024, 38 (06): 1417-1430.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.065 Abstract （135）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （15210KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save Strike-slip fault zones well-developed in the Fuman area within the Aman transition zone of the Tarim Basin. These faults significantly impact the reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Ordovician carbonate rocks. However, identifying strike-slip faults in the Fuman area remains challenging. Using new 3D seismic data from the Fuman area, this study has identified and characterized primary and secondary strike-slip faults through multiple filtering, coherence analysis, and signal decomposition techniques. Additionally, a quantitative standard for classifying strike-slip faults has been established. Furthermore, the exploration potential of the strike-slip faults has been evaluated using the “three determination” approach. The results show that 70 large-scale strike-slip faults are developed within the Tabei Uplift and Central Uplift belts. Based on their development lengths, activity periods, and intensity, the primary strike-slip faults are classified into Class I (25 faults) and Class II (45 faults). In the Fuman area, 34 major strike-slip faults have been identified. Based on fault characterization and drilling data, the “three determination” method, encompassing the determination of faults system, fracture-cavity boundaries, and reservoir units, is proposed for evaluating resources in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. The resources associated with the 70 strike-slip faults include 20×108 t of oil and 1×1012 m3 of gas, with 11×108 t of oil located specifically in the Fuman area. Based on detailed characterization of the strike-slip faults, three new structural belts with abundant oil and gas resources have been identified and confirmed by wells. The study indicates that strike-slip faults of various scales in the Fuman area hold significant potential for increasing reserves and production. This study not only advances research on strike-slip faults and the exploration of fault-controlled fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin platform area but also provide valuable guidance for studying strike-slip faults in other cratons. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and Predictions of the Spatiotemporal Variations of Ecosystem Carbon Storages in the Xin’an River Basin Based on PLUS and InVEST Models MIN Jie, LIU Xiaohuang, XIAO Yuexin, LI Hongyu, LUO Xinping, WANG Ran, XING Liyuan, WANG Chao, ZHAO Honghui Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 574-588.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.050 Abstract （127）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （12193KB）（206）       Knowledge map    Save The study on the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon storage in the Xin’an River Basin has demonstrated positive feedback on the ecological environmental protection and land-use optimization.We utilize the land-use data from 2000 to 2020 and the InVEST model to scrutinize the historical changes of land-use and alterations of carbon storage in Xin’an River Basin.Meanwhile, the PLUS model was utilized to forecast the distribution of carbon storage in the same basin in 2040 under multiple development scenarios.The results indicate that (1) the change of land-use has a direct impact on the carbon storage in the study area.From 2000 to 2020, the construction land in Xin’an River Basin expanded by 602.707 km2, while the forest land, cultivated land, grassland, and shrub land decreased by 615.225 km2, 42.640 km2, 3.021 km2, and 0.296 km2, respectively.This resulted in a reduction in carbon storage of 4.937×106 t.Carbon storage is intrinsically related to the spatial distribution of land-use, with an area of higher carbon storage having a less construction land but more clustered and distributed ecological land.(2) The multi-scenario simulation for the year of 2040 reveals that the local changes are pronounced, while the overall land-use pattern remains consistent.The carbon storage under urban development, natural development, and farmland protection scenarios decreased by 7.540×106 t, 7.544×106 t, and 11.302×106 t, respectively.The eco-protection scenario predicted the smallest decrease in carbon storage, up to 7.130×106 t.(3) The spatial differentiation of carbon storage was influenced by topography, ecology, and anthropogenic factors.Geodetector revealed that the explanatory power of NDVI (0.561) and NPP (0.398) was significantly higher than other factors, making them the primary drivers of the spatial differentiation of carbon storages in Xin’an River Basin.The interactions between different influencing factors were stronger than a single factor, with the synergistic influence between NDVI and slope (0.652) being the most potent one.We conclude that the implementation of urban development and ecological protection strategy can mitigate the reduction of carbon storage.Future plans should prioritize the protection of ecological land and controlling the expansion of construction land in order to enhance the carbon storage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Can the Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y Diagram Be Used for the Classification and Series Division of Altered Volcanic Rocks? ZHANG Zhaochong Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 832-836.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.054 Abstract （124）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （4893KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Shear-wave Velocity and Azimuthal Anisotropy in the Upper Mantle of the Tonga Subduction Zone ZHAO Di, LIU Xin, ZHAO Dapeng Geoscience    2025, 39 (01): 1-7.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.101 Abstract （122）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （9565KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save The Tonga Subduction Zone, located in the southwestern Pacific, is characterized by the global most typical trench-arc-basin system. It not only has the fastest plate convergence rate globally but also features the fastest back-arc basin, the Lau Basin. The Samoan mantle plume, situated on the northeastern side of the Tonga Subduction Zone, interacts strongly with the subducting system, making the mantle dynamics in this region even more complex. Many previous geophysical investigations of the region have been conducted, but the fine three-dimensional structure of the upper mantle, especially its anisotropic structure, is still not very clear. Here we apply azimuthal anisotropy tomography using amplitude and phase data of teleseismic fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves at periods of 20-150 s to further constrain the upper mantle structure beneath Tonga. Our results show the following features: (1) The southward inflow of the Samoan mantle plume material into the Lau Basin mainly occurs at depths less than 50 km. (2) There is a west-east mantle flow beneath the northern part of the Lau Basin, while a south-north mantle flow exists beneath the southern part, possibly resulting from passive mantle flow to accommodate asymmetric rollback of the subducting slab. (3) Within the subducting slab, the fast-velocity direction is nearly north-south, possibly caused by the presence of subduction-related normal faults. (4) In the asthenosphere beneath the outer-rise region, there is a lateral mantle flow parallel to the trench, probably formed because the asthenospheric material being extruded by the rollback of the subducting slab. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Geological Characteristics and Tectonic Evolution of the Qingyang-Etuoke Paleo-Uplift in the Ordos Block MA Ming, LIU Chiyang, WANG Jianqiang, ZHAO Hongge, MA Jinshan, WANG Jianguo, LI Shaonan, HAN Yu, MA Zhiqiang, QUAN Xiaoyuan, BAI Mengen, ZHANG Qing Geoscience    2024, 38 (06): 1431-1444.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.113 Abstract （115）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （16332KB）（204）       Knowledge map    Save The geological characteristics, formation, and evolutionary processes of the Qing-E (Qingyang-Etuoke) Paleo-uplift in the southwestern Ordos Block are crucial for understanding the geodynamics, paleoenvironment, and oil and gas exploration along the southwest margin of the North China Plate.We investigated the formation timing, tectonic evolution, and geodynamics of the Qing-E Paleo-uplift in the Ordos Basin using seismic, well, and log data.The results indicate that three unconformities can be identified based on the seismic data: between the Upper Paleozoic and the underlying strata, between the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic and the Cambrian, and between the Cambrian and the Ordovician.Synsedimentary normal faults were observed in the Cambrian and Ordovician, with seismic facies characterized by onlap at the base and truncation at the top in both the Cambrian and Ordovician strata.The well data indicated that the thickness of the Middle Cambrian remained consistent, while the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician thinned and eventually disappeared, being unconformably overlain by the Middle Ordovician.The Upper Ordovician developed to a limited extent.The disappearance of the Middle Cambrian and Middle Ordovician was due to erosion, while the sedimentation process of the Middle Cambrian was continuous.We concluded that the Paleo-uplift was formed during the Early Paleozoic.The prototype of the Paleo-uplift was formed during the Early Cambrian, influenced by the pre-existing framework.By the Mid-Late Cambrian, the uplift activity of the Paleo-uplift gradually weakened.From the end of the Late Cambrian to the Early Ordovician, the uplift of the Paleo-uplift led to the erosion of certain strata, including the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician.However, during the Middle Ordovician, the Paleo-uplift gradually transitioned into a submarine uplift.By the Late Ordovician, the Paleo-uplift experienced significantly uplift and was ultimately completed under the influence of the Caledonian movement.The geodynamics of the Qing-E Paleo-uplift was closely linked to the tectonic setting and evolution of the western and southern margins of the North China Craton during the Early Paleozoic.This study provides theoretical support and serves as a reference for determing the early Paleozoic tectonic setting in the southwest margin of the North China Plate, as well as for oil and gas exploration in the Qing-E Paleo-uplift. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Migration and Emplacement of Ore-forming Fluids and Their Structural Controlling Mechanisms: An Example from Jiaojia Gold Belt in Jiaodong Peninsula ZHANG Longxiao, YANG Liqiang, YANG Wei, XIE Dong Geoscience    2024, 38 (04): 873-891.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.092 Abstract （114）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （6631KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrothermal ore-forming system can be controlled by the migration and placement of ore-forming fluids induced by tectonic movement.Structure is the primary ore-controlling factor, and the migration and placement of ore-forming fluids are the core theory of tectonic ore-controlling.Multiple or single dominant factors, such as fluid pressure differences, integrated hydraulic gradients, and heat conduction, drive fluid migration within transport channels formed by faults, cracks, and pores in the surrounding rocks.Chemical reactions of fluids in structural cracks or pores, fluid mixing and immiscibility, and fluid boiling lead to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the fluids, resulting in the precipitation of ore-forming materials.Fluid migration patterns affect the form of mineralization.Fluid migrating through macroscopic faults and fractures, resembling pipeline flow, primarily forms large vein ore bodies with high mineralization.However, permeation flow, which widely develops in micron-scale cracks and pores of surrounding rock, mostly forms fine veins and disseminated ore bodies with stable mineralization grade and medium scale.The dynamic coupling between tectonic deformation, fluid pressure, and stress state leads to the temporal and spatial occurrence of the ore body.The fault valve-pumping mechanism is the most representative tectonic-fluid coupling model to explain orogenic gold mineralization.The formation and distribution of deposits in the Jiaojia gold belt are controlled by three-order fault structures.The compression-shear Jiaojia fault is a first-order ore-controlling structure, which governs the extensive hydrothermal alteration dominated by sericitization and the placement of altered rock type gold ore bodies within fracture zones.The Wangershan fault, a tensile shear structure in its footwall, serves as a secondary ore-controlling structure, where hydrothermal alteration is relatively weaker, resulting in the development transitional gold ore-body.The third-order ore-controlling structure consists of dozens of tensile-shear faults and joint systems dominated by the Baoli fault, which exhibits the weakest degree of alteration and mineralization.This structure mainly controls the occurrence of quartz vein-type gold orebodies.The study of the three-dimensional geometry of the ore-body in Sizhuang gold deposit shows that the morphological flatness of the ore-body group increase from No.I ore body to No.Ⅲ ore body.This indicates the spatial evolution of ore-forming fluid transport from infiltration to pipeline flow, and the differences in ore-body occurrence reflect changes in ore-forming fluid migration directions.Further research needs to integrate results from multidisciplinary studies, especially conducting in-depth analysis of the coupling relationship between micro-ultra-microscopic deformation fabric and ore-forming fluid behaviors.This includes constructing a multi-scale structure-fluid coupling ore-forming model that closely mimics reality and reveals the intricate processes and mechanisms of hydrothermal ore-forming system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Formation Mechanism of Rock-block Field Landscape and Earth-science Tourism in the Beidashan Forest Park, Chengde, Hebei LI Chengxiang, ZHANG Xujiao, YIN Zhiqiang, CAO Jing, SHAO Hai, TIAN Yuchen, PENG Chao Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 807-817.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.047 Abstract （114）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （12199KB）（206）       Knowledge map    Save Rock-block field is a special geomorphic type mainly developed in bedrock slope zones, formed under diverse geodynamics and complex geologic processes, and its formation has been controversial for a long time.The spectacular rock-block field in Beidashan, Chengde County, Hebei not only is the main landscape and tourism resources of the forest park, but also provides unique conditions for studying the origin of the rock-block field.We conducted a systematic investigation on the rock-block field geomorphology in the Beidashan Forest Park, mainly using the field geological survey, gravel statistics, and UAV aerial modeling methods.The study results show that the gravel source of rock-block field came from the collapsed granite which is fractured and broken due to the joints at the top of gully; the huge gravel composed of the rock-block field has the characteristics of gravity collapse and short distance water transportation, which is not consistent with the characteristics of glacier or debris flow transport.The freezing and thawing separation is the main driving force causing the huge stones to emerge from the surface and then forming the rock-block field.In this study, we proposed a new interpretation on the origin of freeze-thaw sorting of the rock-block field landform in Beidashan, Chengde for the first time.This study not only promotes the theoretical studies of rock-block field origin, but also provides an important reference for the formation of rock-block field landform in other places. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Geomorphology-based Classification of Ground Substrate Texture in Xinjiang LI Hongyu, LIU Xiaohuang, LIU Jiufen, ZHAO Xiaofeng, ZHANG Wenbo, LI Fujie Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 706-717.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.053 Abstract （109）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （5657KB）（183）       Knowledge map    Save Ground substrate survey is novel in the survey and monitoring of natural resources, representing a new field in modern geological survey, where classification serves as the prerequisite for this survey. To quickly understand the spatial pattern of the ground substrate at the national or provincial scale, it is essential to investigate classification schemes that incorporate concepts from related disciplines and existing survey data. Texture is the combination of different particles within the ground substrate. Characterizing ground substrate classification through texture helps clarify its ecological function in supporting forests, grasslands, and other ecosystems. In the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, with its vast territory and complex landforms, geomorphological type is the primary factor controlling the spatial differentiation of ground substrate. This study utilized multi-source information, including Digital Elevation Model, Land Use/Cover Change data, high-resolution soil maps, and vegetation index data. Consequently, we established a three-level geomorphologic regionalization and a validated geomorphology-based classification scheme for characterizing ground substrate texture. This approach helped to obtain the spatial heterogeneity of ground substrate textures in Xinjiang. There are 47 geomorphological types based on differences in slope, relief, elevation, and geological genesis in Xinjiang. These types consist of 6 first-level regions, 27 second-level regions, and 1,056 third-level regions. The number of third-level regions in mountainous areas is higher than that in basin areas, with medium-altitude hills being the most widely distributed third-level regions. Notably, medium-undulating mountains are the most extensive third-level geomorphological types in mountainous areas, while medium-altitude wind-accumulated landforms are the most extensive in basin areas. For most of the geomorphological types, the average vegetation rooting depth was less than 100 cm, hence soil information within the 0-200 cm depth range was sufficient to describe the ground substrate structure. The mean value of the number of major soil texture types within 0-200 cm depth range for different geomorphologic types was 70.9%, indicating the reliability of using geomorphology-based ground substrate texture classification. Silty loam, sandy, and gravel are the main ground substrate textures, accounting for 49.6%, 27.1%, and 10.3% of the total area of Xinjiang, respectively. Silty loam is the texture classification with the highest quantity and quality of forest, grassland, and arable land resources in Xinjiang. This scheme considers both hydrothermal conditions and physical properties, making it helpful for evaluating the suitability of natural resources and territorial spatial planning in Xinjiang. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evolution of the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Habitat Quality and Analysis of the Driving Forces in Yellow River Basin (Henan Section) from 2000 to 2040 GUO Fuyin, LIU Xiaohuang, ZHANG Wenbo, XING Liyuan, WANG Ran, MAMAT Zulpiya, LUO Xinping, WANG Chao, ZHAO Honghui Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 599-611.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.040 Abstract （108）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （7450KB）（201）       Knowledge map    Save Practicing a win-win strategy between economic development and ecological protection is a challenging issue worldwide. With the development of economy and social civilization, the intensity of human activities that affects the quality of regional habitats show in different degrees. Particularly, in the developing areas, this effect is often negative, so it is of great significance to practice the combination of economic development and habitat protection in the densely populated and developing areas. Taking the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) as a study example, the spatial and temporal evolution of habitat quality in this region from 2000 to 2021 (historical period) were analyzed based on the habitat quality module of InVEST and the PLUS models. Furthermore, the habitat quality in 2025, 2030, 2035, and 2040 was predicted with an interval of 5 years. The results of the study showed that: (1) the mean value of habitat quality during the historical period decreased by 0.05, showing a decreasing trend. The areas of high habitat quality were concentrated in the southwestern and northwestern mountainous areas, showing a distribution pattern of high in the west and low in the east. (2) During the historical period, 44.74% of the study area experienced a significant decline in habitat quality, mainly occurring in urban and rural construction and road expansion areas. This trend was the most prominent in the western mountainous areas. 33.81% of the study area experienced a significant increase in habitat quality, mainly occurring in the eastern cropland areas and western forested areas. The trend of habitat fragmentation in the study area enhances during the period, and the natural elements such as elevation and vegetation have significant impacts on the regional habitat quality, which is positively correlated with the habitat quality. (3) The future habitat quality patterns under different land use scenarios from 2025 to 2040 differ significantly, with an upward trend in the ecological protection scenario and a slight increase in the mean value of habitat quality in the arable land protection scenario. It also shows a significant downward trend in the mean value of habitat qua-lity in the urban development scenario and a significant impact of human activities on the quality of regional habitats under different development scenarios. This study provides further understandings on the development trend of regional habitat quality and its response to land use changes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Quantitative Ecological Risk Assessment on the Groundwater in Landfills at Regional Scale Based on Multivariate Analysis Methods GONG Li, SHI Zheming, ZHANG Zongwen, DING Zhenyu, HAN Linlin, XIE Zixuan, CHENG Tianwei, ZHANG Yuan Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 734-743.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.039 Abstract （108）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （2825KB）（195）       Knowledge map    Save The produced municipal wastes have been increasing with the urbanization process and many cities currently have formed a large number of informal landfills at the early stage.Those landfills produced leachate that poses a potential risk of contamination to the groundwater and soils due to lacking impermeable processing devices.A scie.pngic assessment on their environmental risks of those landfills is urgent for the classification and management of landfills as well as prevention of groundwater pollution.In this study, DRASTIC model, hierarchical analysis, cluster analysis, and other methods are used to construct an index system of assessment on ecological environment risks.Totally, 14 landfills in the study area were investigated as the research object to eva-luate the ecological environment risk of groundwater.Four aspects, the current status of the landfill, the danger of the landfill, the a.pngouling capacity of the unsaturated zone, and the vulnerability of the aquifer, were included in the assessment.Twenty-one indicators, such as the selected size of the landfill, actual amount of landfill, and thickness of the clay layer in the unsaturated zone, were evaluated and graded.The results show that landfill No.2 has the lowest risk score of 4.13, and landfill No.5 has the highest risk score of 7.95.After the categorization of evaluation scores of the landfills, we reached that the risk index of three landfills is in low risk, the risk index of six landfills is in medium risk, and the risk index of five landfills is in high risk.The results are generally consistent with the previous evaluation results by expert scoring, and the method proposed in this study has significant implications in managing the risk of groundwater contamination.The results of this study is also of important reference for the quantitative evaluation on the risk of key sources of contamination. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Control of Sulfide Saturation on the Formation of Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits During Magmatic Evolution CHEN Haoyu, HE Wenyan Geoscience    2024, 38 (04): 947-958.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.090 Abstract （107）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （5731KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save Porphyry deposits are important sources of global copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, and other strategic minerals/metals, and they are mainly distributed along convergent plate margins.Previous studies have revealed that large porphyry deposits generally originate from arc magmatism due to plate subduction, and the mineralization mostly take place at near-surface (~3-5 km).Magmatic sulfides can strongly concentrate chalcophile elements, which play important roles in metal enrichment during magmatism.Studying the enrichment and activation processes of chalcophile elements in sulfides is key to understanding the metallogenic mechanism of porphyry deposits.In this paper, we systematically summarize previous studies on magmatic sulfides in porphyry deposits, investigate the controlling factors and differentiation processes of sulfide saturation, and compare and analyze the controls of magmatic sulfide saturation processes on metal enrichment in porphyry deposits.Magmatic sulfide saturation can be controlled by various factors such as temperature, pressure, and oxygen fugacity, with oxygen fugacity being the key to sulfide saturation.Sulfide saturation will promote the efficient concentration of metals such as Cu, Au, and PGE.Particularly, PGE and Au are extremely sensitive to sulfide saturation, and slight sulfide saturation will lead to the aggregation of a large amount of PGE and Au metals.The influence of magmatic sulfide saturation on porphyry mineralization potential is controversial.Some studies conclude that sulfide saturation is the key step in porphyry mineralization because saturated sulfide promotes the concentration of metals Cu and Au.When new magma is injected or when the oxygen or sulfur fugacity of magma changes, sulfide will dissolved again, causing ore-forming metals to become enriched in the silicate melt once more.Other studies conclude that sulfide saturation does not hinder porphyry mineralization during magmatic evolution because a small amount of sulfide saturation and precipitation in the early stage will not reduce the abundance of ore-forming elements in the remaining magma, and therefore will not affect the mineralization potential.Sulfide saturation in thick crust generally occurs in the early stage, while sulfide saturation in thin crust usually occurs in the late stage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Yields in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Based on InVEST and PLUS Models GUO Jiahui, LIU Xiaohuang, ZHANG Wenbo, YANG Chaolei, WANG Ran, LUO Xinping, XING Liyuan, WANG Chao, ZHAO Honghui Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 624-635.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.038 Abstract （106）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （10490KB）（169）       Knowledge map    Save Quantitative assessment on the water production in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is essential to investigate the dynamic changes of water resources and to maintain the ecological security and balance in this region.This is of great practical significance for maintaining urban water conservation as well.In this study, PLUS model was used to predict the land-use types in the region from the year of 2025 to 2030, and InVEST model was used to qua.pngy the water yields from the year of 2000 to 2030 (every five years), with analyzing it in spatio-temporal perspective.We therefore analyzed the changes in the water yield of different land-use types and the changes in the water yields under different slope classes.Meanwhile, a geographical detector were used to analyze the driving forces of water yields of different land-use types.The results show that (1) the total amount of water produced in the region from 2000 to 2030 shows a trend of “decreasing-raising-decreasing-raising” with the total amount of water produced as 7.818×107 m3, 5.750×107 m3, 4.700×107 m3, 9.162×107 m3, 7.498×107 m3, 7.820×107 m3, and 8.999×107 m3, respectively.The spatial distribution of water production shows the characteristics of high in the southeast and the north, and low in the middle areas.(2) Unutilized land is the land type with the highest water production in the region.(3) Changes in the meteorological factors are the main reason causing the changes in the annual water production in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.The analysis of geographical detector shows that the precipitation and evapotranspiration have a strong explanatory power for water yields, and the interactions between precipitation and land-use has the strongest explanatory power for the changes of water yield.The water yield is mainly concentrated in the area with slope gradient of ~0°-5°, which accounts for 43.80% of the total water yield.The results of this study provide scie.pngic references for the dynamic assessment, effective management, and sustainable development of water resources in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Investigation on the Conversion Between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Mingcui Lake, Ningxia Plain SUN Yufang, JIN Xiaomei, XUE Yanhong, ZHANG Bo, ZHU Wei, XU Zhaoxiang Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 744-754.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.025 Abstract （102）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （9093KB）（206）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand the conversion processes between the surface water and groundwater in a.pngicially recharge lakes in Ningxia Plain, a monitoring profile of the Mingcui Lake shore zone was established to analyze its hydrodynamic, hydrochemistry, and stable isotopes, and to further investigate the source and depth of the groundwater recharge in the lake shore zone. The results of hydrodynamic analysis show that the Mingcui Lake is a typical saturated flow-recharge wetland and the high-water head is the direct driving force for the transformation of lake water to shallow groundwater. Under the influence of regional hydrodynamics, the dynamic response of lake water is close to that of groundwater in the west bank, but relatively weaker than that of groundwater in the east bank. The hydrochemistry results show that the chemical compositions of the shallow groundwater in the flood season is different from that in the dry season in the west bank, while the east bank is relatively stable. The Piper diagram shows that the chemical type of the shallow groundwater is consistent with the surface water during the flood period due to that abundant surface water recharges groundwater. With the decrease of recharge of surface water in dry season, the distribution of groundwater samples is discrete, particularly the difference of chemical compositions between surface water and groundwater at the depth of 30 m. The δD and δ18O isotopic analysis show that the surface water has clear recharge effect on the groundwater buried less than 10 m in the nearshore area, and the groundwater below 30 m in depth is enhanced by direction-finding runoff. The shallow groundwater above 10 m in the shore zone of the Mingcui Lake is supplied by the lake water and irrigation water accounting for more than 80%. Through comparing the local flow field and stable isotopes at different depths (5m, 10m, and 30m) within various lakeshore zones across the southern, central, and northern regions of Ningxia Plain, we conclude that the exchange depth between the surface water and groundwater in the lakeshore zone of the a.pngicial recharge lake is less than 10 m. Additionally, under a.pngicial recharge conditions, there is a unidirectional and fixed relationship between the groundwater and surface water. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Classification and Identification of the High-Mg Volcanic Rocks ZHANG Zhaochong Geoscience    2024, 38 (06): 1624-1628.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.122 Abstract （99）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1246KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Tectonic Characteristics and Evolution of the Qiyueshan Fault in the Xuefengshan Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt: Insights from Discrete Element Numerical Simulations WANG Shuaijie, YAN Danping, ZHOU Zhicheng, KONG Fei, JING Hanyang, LIAO Wei Geoscience    2025, 39 (01): 18-30.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.126 Abstract （97）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （10603KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save The NE-trending Qiyueshan Fault divides the Xuefengshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt into the northwestern Eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt and the southeastern Western Hunan fold-and-thrust belt. However, the nature and formation process of the Qiyueshan Fault remain debated, resulting in significant discrepancies in understanding the formation and evolution mechanisms of the Xuefengshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt. To investigate the formation of the Qiyueshan Fault and its control on differential deformation on both sides, seismic reflection profiles were interpreted, and five discrete element numerical simulation models were designed for experimental analysis. The results reveal that pre-existing faults localize deformation and influence the sequence of fault generation. In contrast, without pre-existing faults, deformation predominantly propagates along the lower detachment layer under weak cohesion. When the thickness of the middle detachment layer exceeds that of the lower detachment layer, deformation is governed by the middle detachment layer, leading to partial decoupling of the competent layers above and below it. Based on a comparison with seismic reflection profiles, the Xuefengshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt is characterized as a “double-step fault-bend fold system.” The Qiyueshan Fault formed during progressive deformation of the foreland belt, and the structural differences across the fault are primarily controlled by the distribution of the basal detachment layer and the mechanical properties of the Cambrian detachment layer. The Western Hunan fold-and-thrust belt is governed by deep-seated fault-bend folding, while the Eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt is controlled by shallow fault-bend folding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Study on the Availability of Topsoil Nutrient Elements of the Cultivated Land in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province PAN Youliang, WANG Xiaohong, FEI Guangchun, YANG Enlin, XIAO Yu, ZHANG Zhonghua Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 764-774.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.046 Abstract （97）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （10912KB）（236）       Knowledge map    Save The study on the availability and influencing factors of nutrient elements in topsoil in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province provides a scie.pngic basis for managing the cultivated land resources and development of modern agriculture.The nutrient elements were analyzed using available topsoil state samples from the geochemical survey of land quality in Tongzi County.We further discussed the content, spatial distribution, grade status, and influencing factors of these nutrient elements.The study results show that the total content of the topsoil nutrient elements in the cultivated land is generally rich.Total boron, molybdenum, and zinc are relatively ri-cher, accounting for 56.34%, 65.49%, and 77.96% of the total sample, respectively.Total nitrogen is gene-rally rich, accounting for 41.16%, and total phosphorus is generally low, accounting for 32.23%.However, the available content of topsoil nutrient elements is relatively lower.The available phosphorus and molybdenum are relatively lower, accounting for 46.05% and 30.14%, respectively.The available boron and potassium are generally low, accounting for 64.66% and 50.94%, respectively, and the available zinc is generally rich, accounting for 50.83%.The total nutrient elements are the primary impacting factor for the available content in the topsoil of the study area, and the available nutrient elements can be influenced by the surficial geochemical properties and soil physicochemical properties, of which the variability of the topsoil nutrient elements in different geological units, soil types, and utilization types is significant.Moreover, increasing the cation exchange capacity can promote the conversion of available nutrient elements, and increasing the organic matters in topsoil can increase the availability of nutrient elements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Relationship Between Cenozoic Superimposed Folds and Hydrocarbon Migration in the Gahainanshan Area, Eastern Qaidam Basin, China MA Licheng, JIANG Wan, SHI Hui, HU Junjie, ZHANG Hao, CHEN Cheng, DONG Min, PENG Bo, FANG Xinxin Geoscience    2024, 38 (05): 1209-1220.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.098 Abstract （96）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （14323KB）（138）       Knowledge map    Save The Carboniferous system in the Qaidam Basin is primarily distributed in the basin’s eastern region.Significant findings have been made in the exploration of Carboniferous hydrocarbons, ushering in a new era for Paleozoic hydrocarbon exploration in the Qaidam Basin.The Carboniferous source rocks in the Qaidam Basin exceeded the threshold for hydrocarbon generation during the Early Permian, with oil generation being the primary outcome.The Paleocene-Pliocene period was the primary hydrocarbon generation phase for the Carboniferous system, with a predominant focus on gas production.The Qingdecan First Well, deployed in the Gahainanshan area of the Delingha Depression in the eastern Qaidam area, encountered hydrocarbon displays in two layers: the Carboniferous Keluke Formation and the Paleogene Upper Ganchaigou Formation.Based on the statistical analysis of structural elements, mapping of superimposed structures, comprehensive seismic interpretation, and analysis of hydrocarbon reservoir conditions in the basin, we determined that the superimposed folds, formed by early northwest (northwest-west) trending folds and later northeast (northeast-east) trending folds, developed in the Gahainanshan area during the Late Cenozoic.The northwest (northwest-west) trending folds and fault structures have created favorable traps for the Carboniferous source rocks.The northeast (northeast-east) trending structural compression reactivated pre-existing faults, causing Carboniferous oil and gas to migrate upward along the fault, forming secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Shangganchaigou Formation.Ultimately, we established the signature of the coexistence of two oil and gas combinations in the Gahainanshan area.This study has reference significance for the exploration of Carboniferous hydrocarbon in the Qaidam Basin. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Location of Palaeo Channel of the Yellow River and the Linrong Ancient City in Han Dynasty in Bayannur National Geopark LI Chenglu, ZHANG Xujiao, WU Fadong, YE Peisheng, ZHANG Haoyue Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 818-831.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.048 Abstract （95）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （20867KB）（202）       Knowledge map    Save The influence of the changes of ancient river channel on the cultural sites in the Yellow River Basin is one of the important scientific issues in the study of the Yellow River culture.Bayannur National Geopark in Inner Mongolia is located in the Hetao Plain in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.The location of the Linrong ancient city in the park has been debated for decades.The relative position of the ancient Yellow River channel to the Linrong ancient city is a key to locate the ancient city.The grid groove drilling was carried out within 10 km around the Linrong ancient city in Bayannur National Geopark.Three-dimensional grain size model and sedimentary structure model were constructed to visualize the hidden ancient channel based on the borehole data.Then the structure and age of the ancient channel are verified through analyzing the sedimentary facies of the drilled cores and by the chronology data.The results show that the ancient Yellow River channel which flow from south to north from 2.39±0.24 ka to 1.36±0.05 Cal ka BP is located 3 km to the west of Linrong ancient city in Bayannur National Geopark.The relative position of ancient Yellow River and the towns in Shuofang County are consistent with the historical documentation.This study provides geological evidence for locating the Linrong ancient city in Bayannur National Geopark based on the study of sedimentology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Factors of Water Yield Service Based on InVEST Model in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2018 CHEN Wudi, LIU Xiaohuang, LI Hongyu, LUO Xinping, WANG Ran, XING Liyuan, BAI Yanan, WANG Chao, ZHAO Honghui Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 636-647.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.033 Abstract （93）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （8242KB）（169）       Knowledge map    Save Water yield is one of the important ecosystem services. It is a key to maintain ecological safety and sustainable development in Xinjiang, to evaluate the spatial differentiation of water yield service, and to clarify the key driving factors of different natural resource partitions. In this study, we simulated the spatial and temporal changes of water yield service in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2018 using the InVEST model. The climate, soil, topography, land-use, and other factors were selected, and the geographical detector was used, to carry out the attribution analysis of spatial heterogeneity of water yield services. The results show that (1) the variation range of total water yield in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2018 is 524.39×108- 683.42×108 m3, and the high value areas were mainly located in Altay Mountains, Western Junggar Basin, and Tianshan Mountains. (2) The water yield capacity of different land types differs, among which the water yield capacities of desert and forest land are in the highest level, followed by grassland, water-body, and wetland. The water yield capacities of cultivated land and construction land are in the worst level. (3) In the whole Xinjiang region, the explanatory power of climatic factors is the strongest, especially the annual total precipitation, which can accounts for >0.9 of the whole. There are pronounced differences in the main driving factors of spatial differentiation of water yield services in different natural resource divisions, but the total annual precipitation is the dominant factor. (4) The explanatory power of the interaction factors on the spatial distribution of water yield services is greater than that of individual factors. The interaction between climatic factors and topographic factors has the strongest explanatory power, followed by the interaction between climatic factors and land-use factors. Therefore, in terms of the maintenance and protection of the water yield services in Xinjiang, the factors such as climate, topography, and land-use should be fully considered in to formulate appropriate water resources management and protection measures. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatial and Temporal Changes of Vegetations and Its Topographic Effects on the Arid Valley Area of the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River from 2000 to 2020 ZHOU Xueni, XIAO Chengzhi, LIU Lei, JI Yang, CAO Yating, LI Xiaohong, BA Renji Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 589-598.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.034 Abstract （92）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （8370KB）（202）       Knowledge map    Save Considering the extremely fragile ecological characteristics in the arid valley area of Upper Reaches of Minjiang River (URMR), we inverted the Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) of the arid valley area of URMR from 2000 to 2020, using the NDVI data and the approach of image element dichotomy. We further qua.pngied the spatial and temporal variations of the FVC index using the linear analysis and F significance test. The relationship between FVC and altitude, slope, and aspect were analyzed in the arid valley area of URMR. The results showed that (1) the FVC index showed a fluctuating increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, and the annual average FVC increased from 0.62 in 2000 to 0.67 in 2020. (2) Spatially, FVC showed an increasing trend from the low altitude area to the high altitude one. FVC in the low and medium-low-grade was mainly distributed on the banks of the main stream and tributaries of the Minjiang River, while FVC in the medium and medium-high grade was distributed on both banks of Minjiang River, and FVC in the medium and medium-high grade was distributed in the URMR valley. FVC in the medium and high grade was distributed in the low and medium altitude mountains on both sides of the river valley, and FVC in the high grade was mainly distributed in the high and medium altitude mountains away from the river valley. (3) The area with a high vegetation coverage decreases and then increases with the increasing altitude, and the high vegetation coverage reaches to its peak in the altitude of 1,100-1,400 m and 3,200-3,500 m. The area with a high vegetation coverage increases with the slope, while the area with a high vegetation coverage shows an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increasing slope gradients. The areas with slopes of 10°-20° and 30°-40° were the peak of high and medium-high to high vegetation coverage. Overall, the vegetation coverage on the sunny slope was higher than that on shady side, and FVC index is greatly affected by the factors of altitude, slope, and aspect. Therefore, the effects of topography and local conditions should be considered in the ecological protection in the arid valley area of URMR. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of Geotourism Resources in Longyan UNESCO Global Geopark and Its Development Strategy WEI Chonghui, ZHENG Yuan, SUN Wenyan, WANG Min, LIU Gang, ZHANG Zhiguang Geoscience    2024, 38 (04): 1192-1204.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.080 Abstract （92）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （6124KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save The Longyan UNESCO Global Geopark is located in Longyan City,in the west of Fujian Province.With its unique geological background,rich biodiversity,and long-standing Hakka cultural heritage,this area boasts numerous significant geotourism resources.The integrated development and comprehensive utilization of geotourism resources within the Longyan UNESCO Global Geopark are still in the preliminary stage.This study analyzes the characteristics of geotourism resources in the Longyan UNESCO Global Geopark through field investigation and data collection.In accordance with the “Specification for geoheritage investigation” (DZ/T0303-2017) and “Classification,investigation,and evaluation of tourism resources” (GB/T18972-2017),the geotourism resources included can be categorized into three categories,ten classes,and nineteen subclasses.We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to construct a geotourism resource evaluation system and conducted a quantitative analysis of the geotourism resources.The study results in a comprehensive score of 89.90 for the Longyan UNESCO Global Geopark’s geotourism resources,classifying it as first-rate with significant development potential.Furthermore,this study has planned six geotourism routes for the Longyan UNESCO Glo-bal Geopark and proposed an initial geotourism development model based on the practices of establishing the Longyan UNESCO Global Geopark.The research results also provide a reference for geotourism development in other similar regions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring Geoheritage and Tourism-Geological Culture: A Case Study of Dongcha Geological Culture Village, Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ZHAO Hongju, WANG Guoliang, BAI Yongshan, CHEN Guangting, ZHANG Xiaoyong, HAO Chenglu, LI Wufu, WANG Chuntao Geoscience    2024, 38 (05): 1400-1412.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.111 Abstract （92）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （22871KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Geological cultural villages are emerging as a novel industrial pattern driving rural tourism development. The foundation and essence of these villages lie in their distinctive geological heritage resources and geological significance. However, as a new form of tourism attraction centered on geology, clearly defining and excavating the tourism-geological culture of geological cultural villages remains a weak link in their construction. This paper, using the construction of Dongcha Geological Cultural Village as a case study, explores the unique geological heritage resources and the connotations of tourism-geological culture within the village. Based on field investigations, Dongcha Village boasts a myriad of geological wonders, including various pictographic stone landscapes formed by alpine carbonate rock topography, Middle Proterozoic Jixianian stromatolite fossils, and densely packed step-like waterfall groups. These wonders are integrated with the unique tectonic features of Dongcha and the layered gorge landscapes within the plateau. With its unique geographical location, rich historical and cultural heritage, and distinctive Hehuang Tibetan folk customs, Dongcha Village has the potential to develop into a “geology+eco-tourism” geological cultural village. Rooted in its geological environment, Dongcha’s tourism-geological culture seamlessly blends geoheritage with natural and human resources, as well as rural culture. Through the in-depth integration of geology and tourism, this paper proposes a framework for tourism-geological culture in the development of geological culture villages. Through analyzing this culture, we aim to enhance the quality of geological cultural village development, fully implementing the construction principles of “geology as the foundation, culture as the soul, integration as the key, and benefiting the people as the essence”. This approach promotes the protection of regional geological relics, disseminates and popularizes geoscience knowledge, drives regional leisure tourism, and contributes to the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soils Along a National Highway Using Spatial Interpolation and PMF Model: A Case Study of the Yueyang Section of National Highway 107 YANG Pengzhi, ZHAO Yuan, XIAO Yuexin, MIN Yingzi, DENG Zhao, GUO Jun, WEI Xiaokun Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 694-705.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.064 Abstract （88）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （6767KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save To assess the impacts of national highway traffic on adjacent soil properties, this study examines the characteristics and sources of heavy metal contamination along a section of National Highway 107 in Yueyang County. A total of 246 surface soil samples were collected from a 1-km range on both sides of the highway, and the concentrations of eight heavy metals (i.e.Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Hg) were measured. By comparing the differences in heavy metal contamination and elemental contents between the soils on each side of the highway, and by integrating Kriging spatial interpolation with the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) mo-del, we revealed the potential sources of these heavy metals. The study results show that: (1) The soils along the Yueyang County section of National Highway 107 are strongly acidic, and the differences in heavy metal concentrations reflect the significant impacts of land use types and human activities. (2) Single-factor pollution indices indicate no pollution from Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cd, but slight pollution from Cu, As, Hg, and Pb. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index indicates that the soil in the study area is overall slightly polluted. (3) Spatial interpolation analysis reveals high overlaps in spatial distribution of As, Cr, Cu, and Ni, while Pb and Zn are distributed across agricultural fields. Cd exhibits an anomalous spatial distribution mainly around the town of Xinkai. The spatial distribution characteristics of Hg show low values in forested areas, indicating a complex interplay between natural geological backgrounds and land use types. (4) PMF source analysis ide.pngied four pollution sources, i.e.traffic, agriculture, natural sources, and atmospheric sources. Traffic and agriculture sources account for 80.3% of the influence on heavy metal content in the soil, indicating a significant impact of transportation and human activities along National Highway 107. In conclusion, the results from spatial interpolation and the PMF model closely corroborate each other, making this integrated method ideal for ide.pngying source components. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction and Organic Matter Enrichment of Middle Permian Black Shale: Insights From the Gufeng Formation, Enshi Area, Western Hubei LIU Bei, GAO Xianzhi, LI Feng, GONG Zhiyu, LUO Fan, DU Xiaofeng Geoscience    2024, 38 (06): 1484-1497.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.071 Abstract （88）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （11389KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save A series of black rocks dominated by basin facies developed in the Middle Permian Gufeng Formation in the Enshi area, Western Hubei Province.This formation was recently identified for shale gas development and exploration; however, little is known about the sedimentary paleoenvironment and the mechanisms of orga-nic matter enrichment in the black rock series.In this study, we focus primarily on two sections of the Gufeng Formation, Tianfengping and Yutangba, located in the Enshi area, Western Hubei.Our aim is to elucidate the paleoenvironment during the sedimentary phase of the Gufeng Formation shale and to identify the key factors governing organic matter accumulation in this area.A comprehensive suite of analytical techniques was used in this study, including petrography, mineralogy, total organic carbon (TOC) quantification, and elemental geochemistry.The results reveal that the Gufeng Formation shale predominantly consists of siliceous shale facies, with a notable TOC content ranging from 5.8% to 41.6%.Quartz (81.5% on average) and clay minerals (12.6% on average) constitute the bulk of the mineral assemblages, with minor contributions from feldspar, pyrite, and carbonate minerals.The Chemical Alteration Index (CIA) suggests that the sedimentary environment of the Gufeng Formation shale was primarily characterized by hot and humid climate.The V/(V+Ni) and U/Th ratios indicate anoxic to sulfidic conditions in the bottom waters.The biogenic silicon (Sibio), Cu/Al,Ni/Al values indicate higher primary productivity during the depositional phase.The weak correlation between TOC and U/Th, Al, Ti/Al suggests that bottom water anoxic sulfidic conditions and terrigenous detrital input have a limited influence on organic matter enrichment in black shales of the Gufeng Formation.Conversely, the positive correlation with Ni/Al suggests the primary productivity is a pivotal factor driving organic matter enrichment.The sedimentary environment of the Gufeng Formation shale is characterized by deep-water anoxia, a hot and humid climate, and high primary productivity.We therefore established a depositional environmental model for deep-water intraplatform basins, constrained by redox conditions, paleo-productivity, and a hot-humid paleoclimate. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics of Silicon-rich Melt Inclusions in the Cenozoic Basalts from Hainan Island and Their Genesis XU Xin, ZHANG Lifei, TIAN Wei, ZHU Jintao, HE Yanxin Geoscience    2025, 39 (01): 31-45.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.024 Abstract （87）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （7080KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save Melt inclusions record important information such as the evolution of pre-eruption, degassing process, and volatile budget in magma. Melt inclusions are powerful tools for studying basaltic magma systems and mantle source, and are widely used to study the origin and evolution of magma derived mantle. There are a large number of melt and fluid inclusions in the olivine phenocryst of the Cenozoic basalts in the Penglai area of Hainan Island. Using an electron microprobe to analyze the composition of melt inclusions and their host minerals. The host mineral olivines have Fo values ranging from 70 to 85, with CaO values exceeding 0.1%, which is typical phenocrysts rather than mantle xenocrysts. At room temperature conditions, the melt inclusions are composed of melt (glass), bubbles and sub-minerals (pyroxene, plagioclase and Ilmenite). The glass compositions in melt inclusions are dacite and trachyte. Olivines containing melt inclusions were heated in a high-temperature furnace. After homogenization melt inclusions, no sub-minerals were observed in the melt. The glass compositions of the melt inclusions are basalt and basaltic andesite, and a few are andesite. The compositions of homogenization melt inclusions are similar to those of the bulk Cenozoic basalts in the Penglai area, Hainan Island. This study suggests that the presence of Si-rich melt inclusions in the phenocrysts of the Cenozoic basaltic rocks in the Penglai area of Hainan Island are due to the slow cooling rate after the melt inclusions are trapped. The slow cooling rate in melt made fraction crystallization in the melt inclusions, leading to the continuous evolution of the residual liquids towards Si-rich direction. Therefore, before conducting research on melt inclusions, it is necessary to carefully observe the internal structural characteristics of the melt inclusions, and if necessary, conduct heating experiments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sedimentary Characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation and the Organic Matter Enrichment Model in the Tarim Basin CAI Zhenzhong, XU Fan, YANG Guo, LI Hao, HU Fangjie, LIN Changsong Geoscience    2024, 38 (05): 1258-1269.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.103 Abstract （87）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （12376KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save The Tarim Basin is the largest oil-bearing basin located in Northwestern China.The Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation comprises mudstone and carbonate deposits rich in organic matter, making it one of the most important source rocks in the basin.We conducted a comprehensive analysis of outcrops, including logging data, seismic data, cores, and cuttings, to reveal the lithofacies, sedimentary facies, and paleogeographic distribution characteristics of the Yuertusi Formation and to understand the distribution and constraints on organic-rich deposits.The Yuertusi Formation can be divided into three sequences based on the boundaries of the exposed surfaces, and it generally formed in a mixed ramp shelf environment on a passive continental margin.Ten lithofacies, seven facies associations (Fa), and four major sedimentary facies have been identified in the Yuertusi Formation.The sedimentary palaeogeography map shows the distribution of sedimentary facies belts from southwest to northeast, including mixed tidal flat, shallow inner shelf, deep outer shelf, and deep basin.The organic-enriched deposits mainly developed in the deep outer shelf zone and are characterized by black mud shales with unusually high TOC values and extremely high trace element abundances.The enrichment of organic matter is related to high paleo-productivity and favorable preservation conditions.Hydrothermal activities introduced many nutrient elements, and upwelling currents promoted the mixing and diffusion of these nutrients with normal seawater, leading to the formation of eutrophic surface water.Additionally, the anoxic conditions in the deep outer shelf are conducive to the preservation and enrichment of organic matter. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 0-0.   Abstract （86）      PDF（pc） （2224KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Molybdenum Migration and Transformation in the Tailings and Soils in the Luanchuan Mining Area PAN Feifei, CHEN Hongwei, CHEN Danli, ZHAO Lü, LI Zhengzui, CHEN Hui, PENG Xiangxun, LIU Jing Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 755-763.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.096 Abstract （84）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （3981KB）（175）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the controls of the molybdenum (Mo) pollution sources in the Luhun Reservoir, we conducted a field survey with collecting six Mo tailing ponds.Molybdenum speciation analysis and leaching experiments were performed to study the mechanism of Mo migration and transformation in the tailings and soils.The average Mo content in the six samples of tailings and soils are 238.24 and 125.88 mg/kg, respectively, and the Mo content in the leached solution is 0.26 mg/L.Tessier extracting result shows that the Mo residual in the tailing was 97.71%, while together with that, the exchangeable and carbonate bound Mo in the soil are 63.66%, 22.35%, and 11.80%, respectively.After the leaching experiments with acid to alkaline rainfalls, the Mo residual in the tailing decreased.The neutral and alkaline rainfall favor the transformation of Mo residual to carbonate Mo bound, leading to the carbonate Mo bound increasing from 1.19% to 18.85%, and then to 24.14%.This indicates that the neutral and alkaline rainfall can enhance the transporting capability of Mo.In the soils, the iron-manganese oxidation state and the organic Mo bound increased largely, and all the other Mo species decreased by different degree with the acid rainfall leaching.The residual and the organic Mo bound increased and the carbonate Mo bound and the iron-manganese oxidation state decreased largely with the lea-ching of neutral-alkaline rainfall.It suggested that the acid rainfall can increase the formation of the molybdate of iron and manganese, while the neutral and alkaline rainfall likely favor the formation of the iron and manganese hydroxide and carbonate, which prevents the formation of the iron and manganese molybdate, enhancing the transporting capability of Mo by an order of magnitude.Although the differences of the ore and the physicochemical properties of the tailings and the soils can cause different Mo transportation and transformation, the acid to alkaline rainfall can enhance the transportation and transformation of Mo in the two media, and hence affect the soil and aqueous environments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics and Origin of the “Seesaw Type” Negative Inversion Structure in the Yabulai Basin of the Alxa Block SHI Yuanpeng, DAN Weining, YU Fusheng, WANG Shaochun, WANG Xufeng, TIAN Ye, FENG Guangye, WANG Haoyu, WANG Biao Geoscience    2024, 38 (05): 1221-1234.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.117 Abstract （83）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （22190KB）（94）       Knowledge map    Save The Yabulai Basin is located in the Alxa Block and experienced intra-plate tectonic events since the Mesozoic Era. The Jurassic sediments are controlled by the NE-SW reverse faults, forming a compressional depressed basin with reverse fault patterns including imbricate fans, back-thrust, ramp structure, pop-up anticlines, and faulted anticlines. This compressional stress originated from the subduction of the Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean beneath the Eurasian plate. Lower Cretaceous sedimentation is controlled by the Yabulai normal fault, forming an extensional faulted depression basin with northwest faulting and southeastern overlap. Fault assemblages such as stepped, domino, and conjugate styles developed, and stresses resulting from the rollback of Pacific plate subduction. The Jurassic compressional basin and the Cretaceous extensional basin superimposed in opposite directions to form a “seesaw type” negative inversion structure. Since the Cenozoic Era, the subduction and collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian continental plate has caused the Beidashan fault to thrust northward over the Jurassic basin, leading to the sinistral slip of the Yabulai piedmont fault. The results of analogue models show that the superposition of bidirectional compression and unidirectional extension is the main factor controlling the structural patterns in the Yabulai Basin. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Classification of Igneous Series in Terms of K2O Versus SiO2 Diagram ZHANG Zhaochong Geoscience    2024, 38 (05): 1413-1416.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.108 Abstract （82）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （986KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Migration of Cr Between Soil and Rice Grains and Its Influencing Factors in Zhuzhou, Hunan LI Siyuan, HOU Qingye, TANG Qifeng, YU Tao, YANG Zhongfang Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 775-783.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.014 Abstract （82）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （5098KB）（194）       Knowledge map    Save The biogeochemical behaviors of Cr in soil-plant system and their impacts that high concentration of Cr in ecological environment have received a wide attention. This study takes Zhuzhou City in Hunan Province as the study area. Totally, 490 surface soil samples and 60 pairs of rice grains and rhizosphere soil samples were collected. The concentrations of Cr in the soil and rice grains were analyzed and thereafter the pollution degree of Cr in the soil was evaluated. At the end, we ide.pngied the influencing factors of Cr bio-concentration factor (BCF) of rice grains and established the prediction model BCF of Cr in rice grains. The Cr concentrations of the surface soils range from 48.50 to 240.60 mg/kg, with an average value of 91.45 mg/kg. Comparing with the background values in soil of nationwide and Hunan Province, the concentration of Cr in the study area significantly exceeded the background, indicating mainly being affected by parent materials and anthropogenic activities. The Cr concentrations in rice grains vary from 0.09 to 0.11 mg/kg, with an average of 0.10 mg/kg. The Cr concentration doesn’t exceed the critical limit of Cr in food. The BCF of Cr in the rice grains is closely related to the concentration of Cu and TFe2O3, and SiO2/Al2O3 in the rhizosphere soils, and was affected by the weathering degree, iron oxides and antagonism between elements in the rhizosphere soil. The prediction model for BCF of Cr in the rice grains is established by using multiple linear regression analysis and the prediction results are convincing. The predicted Cr concentration in the rice grains in the study area is below its critical limit. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic Evolution of the Vegetation and Its Response to Climate Changes from 1982 to 2020 in the Yellow River Basin (Henan Section) YAO Ruichen, HAO Shilong, LI Xiuping, HOU Jiacheng, CHEN Haoyuan, ZHANG Yan Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 612-623.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.026 Abstract （80）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （12137KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save We constructed the GIMMS-MODIS NDVI dataset of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) from 1982 to 2020 using a monadic linear regression model with the GIMMS NDVI3g and MODIS NDVI data. In this study, we also investigated the temporal and spatial evolution of NDVI and its response to climate factors in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin by using Sen trend, Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, and partial correlation analysis. The results show that (1) the reconstructed GIMMS MODIS NDVI and GIMMS NDVI have a better fitting index with the R2 of 0.879,9(P<0.01). The discrepancy of the monthly mean difference between GIMMS MODIS NDVI and GIMMS NDVI is ±0.02, between 81.47%. (2) From 1982 to 2020, the NDVI values in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) showed an increasing trend in the annual and each season from spring to winter, and the increase rates were 0.001,8 a-1 (P<0.01), 0.002,7 a-1 (P<0.01), 0.000,6 a-1 (P<0.1), 0.001,3 a-1 (P<0.01) and 0.002,4 a-1 (P<0.01), respectively. Spatially, the proportions of proparea with significant increase of NDVI in the interannual and each season were 76.62%, 76.62%, 33.64%, 57.19% and 77.16%, respectively. The area with significant decrease was mainly distributed in the central and southern part of the basin. (3) From 1982 to 2020, the average annual temperature in the Yellow River Basin (Henan Section) showed a significant increasing trend (Trend=0.037,7 ℃·a-1, P<0.01). In terms of seasonal changes, the average temperature in spring and autumn increased at the fastest rate and the precipitation change was not pronounced along the year. (4) The annual, spring and winter NDVI changes in the Yellow River Basin from 1982 to 2020 were mainly controlled by temperature, and the summer NDVI changes were mainly affected by precipitation. In terms of spatial distribution, 82.14%, 50% and 75% of stations showed significant correlations between NDVI and temperature in annual, spring and winter, respectively. Moreover, 3.57%, 14.29% and 3.57% of stations showed significant positive correlations between NDVI and precipitation in spring, summer and autumn, respectively, which mainly are distributed in the central part of the basin. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Pyrite and Calcite in the Puke Gold Prospect Area, Guizhou Province LIU Xu, JI Xingzhong, CHEN Qiang, LI Yuanhong Geoscience    2024, 38 (04): 977-990.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.094 Abstract （80）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （25052KB）（138）       Knowledge map    Save The Puke gold prospecting area is located 3 km southwest of the famous Nibao gold deposit, sharing the same regional geological background, similar stratigraphic characteristics, tectonic style, and ideal geolo-gical conditions for gold mineralization.Based on field observations of the calcite veins (limonitization) deve-loped on the surface and in drill holes, we conducted mineralogical analysis of calcite and pyrite, rare earth element (REE) analysis of calcite, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and LA-ICP-MS analysis of pyrite to constrain the origin of the ore-forming fluids and materials in the Puke gold prospecting area.The results show that most of the calcite veins in the Puke gold prospect area have similar characteristics to those in the Nibao gold deposit; however, the latter does not contain ore-bearing calcite veins.Most calcite veins in the Puke gold prospect area exhibit REE patterns similar to those of the Nibao gold deposit, and a few calcite samples show positive Eu anomalies, similar to the calcite from the mineralization period of Carlin-type gold deposits in Southeastern Guizhou.However, the Au content of pyrite in these calcite veins is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the average crustal abundance and sedimentary pyrite, with Au existing in pyrite in the form of Au+.This suggests that these pyrite veins are of hydrothermal origin.The gold-bearing calcite exhibits an enrichment pattern of medium REE and positive Eu anomalies.This suggests that the gold-forming fluids are reducing, possibly controlled by acidic ore-forming fluids as in the case of the Nibao gold deposit.There are fewer calcite veins exposed on the surface in the Puke gold prospect area, possibly because the favorable ore-forming strata of the Puke gold are deeper.There is less ore-forming hydrothermal fluid transported to the pre-sent-day surface strata, implying that ideal gold mineralization developed at deeper levels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Theoretical Outline and Application Prospects of Tectonophysicochemistry LÜ Guxian, ZHANG Baolin, HU Baoqun, ZHOU Yongsheng, WANG Zongxiu, WANG Hongcai, CAO Daiyong, FANG Weixuan, HAN Runsheng, XU Deru, YANG Xingke, JIAO Jiangang, WANG Cuizhi, LÜ Chengxun Geoscience    2024, 38 (04): 837-852.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.081 Abstract （77）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1495KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save Tectonophysicochemistry is an emerging study direction in geomechanics within the field of “structure-combined construction”. It has developed into an interdisciplinary field that studies the correlation between the physical and chemical changes of rocks during tectonic activities. In addressing the challenging problem in earth sciences, namely “whether tectonic force can affect chemical equilibrium”, the author conducted in-depth research on the geological structures of ore fields and explored the influence of tectonic force on pressure. The tectonic stress field can be divided into two parts: one is the stress difference, which causes the deformation of rocks; and the other is the average stress, which is the positive pressure stress state of equal directions that changes the volume of rocks. The latter is called “structural additional hydrostatic pressure”. The “tectonic additional hydrostatic pressure” is superimposed on the pressure caused by its geological processes, altering the pressure at a given point and affecting other physical and chemical conditions, thus controlling the diagenetic and geochemical processes of diagenesis and mineralization.Tectonophysicochemistry is the study of “how tectonic forces change the physicochemical conditions and then affect the chemical process”. It focuses on structural additional pressure, temperature, and other physicochemical conditions caused by tectonism and their control over physicochemical processes. The prediction of “second enrichment zone” deep in Jiaodong gold deposit, using theories and methods such as tectonophysicochemistry and “structural correction of metallogenic depth” has been confirmed. This provides theoretical and methodological support for Jiaodong, the third-largest gold region in the world. After more than 30 years of scientific research and prospecting practices, tectonophysicochemistry has gained extensive academic influence. The Geomechanics Committee of the Geological Society of China established the “Professional Group of Tectonophysicochemistry” in 1996, and the Chinese Geophysical Society approved the establishment of the “Professional Committee of Tectonophysicochemistry” in 2018. The problems in tectonophysicochemistry that need further study are: additional hydrostatic pressure, tectonism affecting temperature, tectonism changing physical properties of rock, tectonism affecting geological PT phase diagram, and developing methods for observing and studying structural deformation lithofacies. Tectonophysicochemistry has made significant progress in various areas, including the expansion and application of abnormal crustal pressure and deep crustal pressure states, tectonic driving and trapping of oil and gas, tectonic correction calculation of diagenetic and metallogenic depth and prediction of hidden ore deposits, “crustal genesis of tectonic pressurization” in ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt, physicochemical conditions of coal deformation and metamorphism, thermodynamic analysis of critical mineralization, tectonophysicochemical constraints of earthquake disaster fluid on rock system, and geophysical exploration based on tectonic deformation lithofacies belts. There is a broad prospect for the development of tectonophysicochemistry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suitability Assessment on the Croplands in Xinjiang Based on Multi-environmental Factors ZHAO Xiaofeng, LIU Xiaohuang, LIU Jiufen, LI Hongyu, ZHANG Wenbo Geoscience    2024, 38 (03): 718-733.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.049 Abstract （76）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （13585KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save Croplands are natural resources which are essential to human survival and economic development.A comprehensive assessment on the impacts of various environmental factors on the suitability and distribution of croplands is able to more efficiently assist the utilization and development of the land.Xinjiang possesses a large area with the complex climatic, topographic, soil, and geological conditions that affect the patterns of soil use.In this study, a Maxent model and spatial statistics were used to analyze the distribution of suitable areas for croplands (drylands and paddy fields) in the mountainous and plain regions in Xinjiang.A total of 35 environmental variables related to climate (e.g., temperature, precipitation), topography, hydrology, soils, and geo-logy were used in the assessment.The main findings are as follows: (1) In the plains, soils’ total nitrogen, distance to the water system, and winter precipitation are the main factors affecting the suitability of drylands.In the mountains, >0 ℃ annual accumulation temperature, winter precipitation, slope, and distance to the water system are the primary factors affecting the suitability of drylands.For paddy fields in the plains, distance to the water system, soil pH, soil surface moisture, and >10 ℃ annual accumulation temperature are the main factors affecting the suitability of paddy fields.(2) The high suitability area for drylands in Xinjiang is about 78,221 km2 in total, mainly located in Altai Mountains in Northwestern Xinjiang, the middle and low altitude areas (<2,000 m above sea level) in western and middle Tianshan Mountains, and the near-mountain plains at the edge of Tarim Basin.The high suitability area for paddy fields in Xinjiang is about 2,834 km2 in total, a little smaller in area comparing to the drylands, which is mainly located in middle and western Tianshan Mountains.They are generally scattered in the middle and western Tianshan regions.The 35 environmental variables selected in this study are currently the latest accessible dataset, and the data are relatively comprehensive, integrated, systematic, and accurate.Based on the output of this model, it is possible to comprehensively evaluate the influence of climatic, topographic, hydrological, soil and geological factors on the distribution of Xinjiang’s cropland (drylands and paddy fields), and screen out the environmental variables that affect the suitability of croplands the most. At the end, the distribution of Xinjiang’s croplands suitability zones are obtained.This study provides a scie.pngic support for the utilization of land resources in Xinjiang, as well as providing a reference and valuable suggestions for the development and upgrading of Xinjiang’s croplands. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Classification and Nomenclature for Plutonic Rocks ZHANG Zhaochong Geoscience    2024, 38 (04): 1205-1208.   DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.102 Abstract （74）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1505KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）