Suitability Assessment on the Croplands in Xinjiang Based on Multi-environmental Factors

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.049

Abstract

Abstract:

Croplands are natural resources which are essential to human survival and economic development.A comprehensive assessment on the impacts of various environmental factors on the suitability and distribution of croplands is able to more efficiently assist the utilization and development of the land.Xinjiang possesses a large area with the complex climatic, topographic, soil, and geological conditions that affect the patterns of soil use.In this study, a Maxent model and spatial statistics were used to analyze the distribution of suitable areas for croplands (drylands and paddy fields) in the mountainous and plain regions in Xinjiang.A total of 35 environmental variables related to climate (e.g., temperature, precipitation), topography, hydrology, soils, and geo-logy were used in the assessment.The main findings are as follows: (1) In the plains, soils’ total nitrogen, distance to the water system, and winter precipitation are the main factors affecting the suitability of drylands.In the mountains, >0 ℃ annual accumulation temperature, winter precipitation, slope, and distance to the water system are the primary factors affecting the suitability of drylands.For paddy fields in the plains, distance to the water system, soil pH, soil surface moisture, and >10 ℃ annual accumulation temperature are the main factors affecting the suitability of paddy fields.(2) The high suitability area for drylands in Xinjiang is about 78,221 km² in total, mainly located in Altai Mountains in Northwestern Xinjiang, the middle and low altitude areas (<2,000 m above sea level) in western and middle Tianshan Mountains, and the near-mountain plains at the edge of Tarim Basin.The high suitability area for paddy fields in Xinjiang is about 2,834 km² in total, a little smaller in area comparing to the drylands, which is mainly located in middle and western Tianshan Mountains.They are generally scattered in the middle and western Tianshan regions.The 35 environmental variables selected in this study are currently the latest accessible dataset, and the data are relatively comprehensive, integrated, systematic, and accurate.Based on the output of this model, it is possible to comprehensively evaluate the influence of climatic, topographic, hydrological, soil and geological factors on the distribution of Xinjiang’s cropland (drylands and paddy fields), and screen out the environmental variables that affect the suitability of croplands the most. At the end, the distribution of Xinjiang’s croplands suitability zones are obtained.This study provides a scie.pngic support for the utilization of land resources in Xinjiang, as well as providing a reference and valuable suggestions for the development and upgrading of Xinjiang’s croplands.

Key words: cropland, Xinjiang, suitability assessment, dominant factor

CLC Number:

P963

ZHAO Xiaofeng, LIU Xiaohuang, LIU Jiufen, LI Hongyu, ZHANG Wenbo. Suitability Assessment on the Croplands in Xinjiang Based on Multi-environmental Factors[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(03): 718-733.

Figures/Tables 16

References 57

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耕地类型	描述	面积 (km²)		用于模型的点数(个)
耕地类型	描述	面积 (km²)		平原区	山地区
旱地	无灌溉水源及设施,靠天然降水生长作物的耕地;有水源和浇灌设施,在一般年景下能正常灌溉的旱作物耕地;以种菜为主的耕地;正常耕作的休闲地和轮歇地	67957	18229			1776
水田	有水源保证和灌溉设施,在一般年景能正常灌溉,用以种植水稻、莲藕等水生农作物的耕地,包括实行水稻和旱地作物轮种的耕地	552	80			-

耕地类型	描述	面积 (km²)		用于模型的点数(个)
耕地类型	描述	面积 (km²)		平原区	山地区
旱地	无灌溉水源及设施,靠天然降水生长作物的耕地;有水源和浇灌设施,在一般年景下能正常灌溉的旱作物耕地;以种菜为主的耕地;正常耕作的休闲地和轮歇地	67957	18229			1776
水田	有水源保证和灌溉设施,在一般年景能正常灌溉,用以种植水稻、莲藕等水生农作物的耕地,包括实行水稻和旱地作物轮种的耕地	552	80			-

变量类型		变量	描述	时间范围与来源
气候类	气温	Tem_Avg	年平均气温(℃)	2000—2020年的平均值,国家气象科学数据中心(https://www.data.cma.cn/)
		Tem_Su	夏季平均气温(6—8月)(℃)
		Tem_Wi	冬季平均气温(12—2月)(℃)
		Accu_Tem0	>0 ℃年积温(经DEM校正)(℃)
		Accu_Tem10	>10 ℃年积温(经DEM校正)(℃)
		Tem_Days10	每年稳定>10 ℃天数(d)
	降水	Pre_Avg	年平均降水量(mm)
		Pre_Su	夏季平均降水(6—8月)(mm)
		Pre_Wi	冬季平均降水(12—2月)(mm)
		Aridity	干燥度
地形类		Ele	高程(m)	2008年,地理空间数据云平台(https://www. gscloud.cn/)
		Slope	坡度(°)
		Aspect	坡向(°)
水文类		Dist_Water	到五级水系的欧式距离(km)	2008年,HydroSHEDS(https://hydrosheds.org/)
土壤类		Soil_Tem1	土壤分层温度1(0~10 cm)	2018—2022年的平均值,气象科学专业知识服务系统(https://data.cma.cn/mekb/)
		Soil_Tem2	土壤分层温度2(10~20 cm)
		Soil_Tem3	土壤分层温度3(20~40 cm)
		Soil_Tem4	土壤分层温度4(40~100 cm)
		Soil_Tem5	土壤分层温度5(100~200 cm)
		Soil_Moi1	土壤分层湿度1(0~10 cm)
		Soil_Moi2	土壤分层湿度2(10~20 cm)
		Soil_Moi3	土壤分层湿度3(20~40 cm)
		Soil_Moi4	土壤分层湿度4(40~100 cm)
		Soil_Moi5	土壤分层湿度5(100~200 cm)
		Soil_Depth	土层厚度(cm)	第二次全国土壤调查数据(http://data.tpdc.ac.cn)
		Sand	土壤砂土含量(%)
		Clay	土壤黏土含量(%)
		CEC	阳离子交换量(meq/hg)
		pH	土壤pH
		SOM	土壤有机质(g/hg)
		Ca	可交换态Ca²⁺(meq/hg)
		TN	土壤总氮(g/hg)
		TP	土壤总磷(g/hg)
		TK	土壤总钾(g/hg)
地质类		Dist_Fault	到断层欧式距离(m)	1：25万区域地质图

变量类型		变量	描述	时间范围与来源
气候类	气温	Tem_Avg	年平均气温(℃)	2000—2020年的平均值,国家气象科学数据中心(https://www.data.cma.cn/)
		Tem_Su	夏季平均气温(6—8月)(℃)
		Tem_Wi	冬季平均气温(12—2月)(℃)
		Accu_Tem0	>0 ℃年积温(经DEM校正)(℃)
		Accu_Tem10	>10 ℃年积温(经DEM校正)(℃)
		Tem_Days10	每年稳定>10 ℃天数(d)
	降水	Pre_Avg	年平均降水量(mm)
		Pre_Su	夏季平均降水(6—8月)(mm)
		Pre_Wi	冬季平均降水(12—2月)(mm)
		Aridity	干燥度
地形类		Ele	高程(m)	2008年,地理空间数据云平台(https://www. gscloud.cn/)
		Slope	坡度(°)
		Aspect	坡向(°)
水文类		Dist_Water	到五级水系的欧式距离(km)	2008年,HydroSHEDS(https://hydrosheds.org/)
土壤类		Soil_Tem1	土壤分层温度1(0~10 cm)	2018—2022年的平均值,气象科学专业知识服务系统(https://data.cma.cn/mekb/)
		Soil_Tem2	土壤分层温度2(10~20 cm)
		Soil_Tem3	土壤分层温度3(20~40 cm)
		Soil_Tem4	土壤分层温度4(40~100 cm)
		Soil_Tem5	土壤分层温度5(100~200 cm)
		Soil_Moi1	土壤分层湿度1(0~10 cm)
		Soil_Moi2	土壤分层湿度2(10~20 cm)
		Soil_Moi3	土壤分层湿度3(20~40 cm)
		Soil_Moi4	土壤分层湿度4(40~100 cm)
		Soil_Moi5	土壤分层湿度5(100~200 cm)
		Soil_Depth	土层厚度(cm)	第二次全国土壤调查数据(http://data.tpdc.ac.cn)
		Sand	土壤砂土含量(%)
		Clay	土壤黏土含量(%)
		CEC	阳离子交换量(meq/hg)
		pH	土壤pH
		SOM	土壤有机质(g/hg)
		Ca	可交换态Ca²⁺(meq/hg)
		TN	土壤总氮(g/hg)
		TP	土壤总磷(g/hg)
		TK	土壤总钾(g/hg)
地质类		Dist_Fault	到断层欧式距离(m)	1：25万区域地质图

存在概率	适宜区的划分
<0.2	非适宜区
0.2~0.5	低适宜区
>0.5	高适宜区