鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区延长组页岩气储层孔隙结构特征

现代地质 ›› 2017, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (02): 328-337.

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区延长组页岩气储层孔隙结构特征

徐红卫¹^,²(), 李贤庆¹^,²(), 祁帅¹^,², 周宝刚¹^,², 王哲¹^,², 高文杰¹^,², 陈金明¹^,²

1.中国矿业大学(北京) 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京 100083
2.中国矿业大学(北京) 地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2016-08-28 修回日期:2017-01-02 出版日期:2017-04-10 发布日期:2017-04-25
通讯作者: 李贤庆,男,教授,博士生导师,1967年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,主要从事煤油气地质、有机地球化学、有机岩石学等方面的教学和科研工作。 Email: Lixq@cumtb.edu.cn。
作者简介:徐红卫,男,硕士研究生,1990年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,从事页岩气地质、地球化学方面科研工作。Email:512458802@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41572125);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项基金项目(201311022);国家科技重大专项项目(2016ZX05007-003)

Pore Structure Characteristics of Yanchang Formation Shale Gas Reservoir in Yanchang Exploration Area of Ordos Basin

XU Hongwei¹^,²(), LI Xianqing¹^,²(), QI Shuai¹^,², ZHOU Baogang¹^,², WANG Zhe¹^,², GAO Wenjie¹^,², CHEN Jinming¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
2. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China

Received:2016-08-28 Revised:2017-01-02 Online:2017-04-10 Published:2017-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了评价陆相页岩气储层的储集空间和储气能力,以鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区上三叠统延长组长7段、长9段页岩为研究对象,运用电子扫描显微镜、高压压汞、低温CO₂和N₂气体吸附等实验方法,对陆相页岩气储层孔隙类型特征、孔隙结构及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)延长探区上三叠统延长组陆相页岩发育多种类型微观孔隙,以粒间孔和粒内孔为主,少量晶间孔和溶蚀孔,有机质孔发育较少,为陆相页岩气赋存提供了储集空间;(2)延长组页岩中介孔(2~50 nm)贡献了其主要的孔容和比表面积,占总孔容的74.37%,占总比表面积的64.40%,且长9段页岩的总孔容和总比表面积均大于长7段页岩;(3)延长组页岩孔隙结构以狭缝型孔和板状孔为主,孔径主要分布在0.4~0.9 nm、3~25 nm和5~200 μm区间段内,延长组页岩平均孔径为8.53 nm,且长7段页岩平均孔径大于长9段页岩;(4)页岩有机碳含量、有机质成熟度及矿物成分含量共同影响着延长组页岩孔隙的发育,其中矿物成分含量是以介孔孔隙为主的延长组页岩孔隙发育的主控因素,有机碳含量及成熟度的增加主要对页岩中微孔孔隙的发育起到积极作用。

关键词: 陆相页岩气储层, 孔隙结构, 孔隙类型, 孔径分布, 延长组页岩, 延长探区

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the space and the gas storage capacity of terrestrial shale gas reservoirs,many shale samples were taken from the Chang 7 and Chang 9 members of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Yanchang exploration area of Ordos basin, and the pore type and pore structure of these samples and their influence factors were studied by the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM), high pressure mercury injection and low-temperature gas adsorption experiments with CO₂ and N₂. The results reveal the following aspects: (1)There are many types of microscopic pores in these shale samples, mainly including intergranular pores and intragranular pores,and a small amount of crystal particle pores and dissolution pores exists, and organic matter pores are less development. These pores provide the main storage spaces for the shale gasreservoir. (2)Mesopores (2-50 nm) contribute to the main pore volume and specific surface area of Yanchang Formation, accounting for 74.34% of the total pore volume and 64.40% of the total surface area. The shale samples from the Chang 9 Member have a greater total pore volume and total specific surface area than those from the Chang 7 Member. (3)The pore structure is dominated by slit type pores and plate pores, and the pore size distribution mainly falls in 0.4-0.9 nm,3-25 nm and 5-200 μm. The average pore size of Yanchang Formation shale is 8.53 nm,and the Chang 7 Member shale has a greater average pore size than the Chang 7 Member shale.(4)The organic carbon content, organic matter maturity and mineral composition content affect the pore development of the Yanchang Formation shale.The mineral composition content is the main controlling factor of the pore development of Yanchang Formation shale which is predominated by the mesopore. The increase of the organic carbon content and maturity of shales mainly play a positive role in the development of the micropore in Yanchang Formation shale.

Key words: terrestrial shale gas reservoir, pore structure, pore type, pore size distribution, Yanchang Formation shale, Yanchang exploration area

中图分类号:

徐红卫, 李贤庆, 祁帅, 周宝刚, 王哲, 高文杰, 陈金明. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区延长组页岩气储层孔隙结构特征[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(02): 328-337.

XU Hongwei, LI Xianqing, QI Shuai, ZHOU Baogang, WANG Zhe, GAO Wenjie, CHEN Jinming. Pore Structure Characteristics of Yanchang Formation Shale Gas Reservoir in Yanchang Exploration Area of Ordos Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(02): 328-337.

图/表 11

图1 研究区位置(a)和取样井(b)平面分布

Fig.1 Location of the study area(a) and distribution of sampling wells(b)

表1 延长探区延长组页岩样品基础地球化学特征

Table 1 Basic geochemical characteristics of Yanchang Formation shale samples in Yanchang exploration area

样品号	层位	深度/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	全岩矿物成分含量/%						脆性矿物含量/%
样品号	层位	深度/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	石英	长石	黏土	碳酸盐	黄铁矿	其他	脆性矿物含量/%
YY4-1	长7段	1 370.25	4.13	0.897	36.0	13.9	37.2	9.3	3.6	微	57.2
YY5-6	长7段	1 451.10	4.18	0.923	12.3	11.2	56.3	18.0	2.2	微	39.2
YY5-10	长7段	1 452.07	6.77	0.926	19.1	14.0	44.2	19.2	0.4	微	53.2
YY5-23	长7段	1 456.60	4.45	0.924	33.6	5.8	31.5	27.5	0.0	1.6	64.0
YY7-1	长7段	1 139.10	3.79	0.835	19.9	18.0	52.3	8.0	1.8	微	45.9
YY7-8	长7段	1 146.16	2.73	0.840	28.4	10.9	41.1	19.2	0.4	微	53.2
YY7-12	长7段	1 150.25	3.17	0.845	23.5	21.0	39.1	15.4	1.0	微	54.7
YY8-2	长7段	1 442.45	5.51	0.915	13.7	10.2	52.6	20.9	0.6	2.0	42.7
YY8-7	长7段	1 445.46	4.07	0.913	11.6	9.2	38.5	40.0	0.7	微	50.2
YY9-6	长7段	1 515.92	4.68	1.018	21.6	15.7	36.6	24.0	2.1	微	57.0
YY12-5	长7段	1 613.94	7.77	0.975	21.9	17.7	59.7	0.0	0.7	微	39.6
YY12-11	长7段	1 620.10	8.82	0.960	20.4	26.2	47.9	0.0	5.5	微	46.6
YY4-5	长9段	1 533.21	4.75	1.030	13.7	14.5	43.2	27.1	1.5	微	49.0
YY5-31	长9段	1 604.42	6.91	1.063	23.5	15.2	49.6	4.0	7.7	微	42.7
YY8-17	长9段	1 597.20	5.09	1.046	18.6	8.4	36.6	33.7	2.5	0.2	43.4
YY9-16	长9段	1 668.27	3.37	1.095	15.4	13.1	24.7	46.1	0.7	微	57.7
YY12-21	长9段	1 752.40	6.07	1.012	32.2	13.0	42.0	7.1	5.7	微	52.3
YY13-21	长9段	1 361.15	4.42	0.889	20.2	5.4	39.9	31.7	2.8	微	45.8

图2 延长探区延长组页岩样品微观孔隙的扫描电镜图像 (a)矿物颗粒粒间孔,YY13-2,长7段,1 195.3 m,二次电子像;(b)黏土矿物粒间孔, YY9-10,长7段,1 519.6 m,二次电子像;(c)黏土矿物层间粒内孔, YY5-28,长9段,1 603.4 m,二次电子像;(d) 微球粒状黄铁矿晶间孔,YY7-1,长7段,1 139.1 m,二次电子像;(e) 溶蚀孔,YY12-13,长7段,1 622.1 m,二次电子像;(f) 有机质孔,YY12-17,长9段,1 748.3 m,二次电子像;(g)有机质孔,YY8-7,长7段,1 445.5 m,二次电子像;(h)微裂缝,YY13-2,长7段,1 195.2 m,二次电子像

Fig.2 SEM images of microscopic pores of Yanchang Formation shale samples in Yanchang exploration area

图3 延长探区延长组页岩样品N2吸附-脱附等温线

Fig.3 N2 adsorption-desorption curves of Yanchang Formation shale in Yanchang exploration area

图4 延长探区延长组页岩样品孔容和比表面积相对含量

Fig.4 Distribution of pore volume and surface area of Yanchang Formation shale in Yanchang exploration area

表2 延长探区延长组页岩样品孔隙结构特征数据

Table 2 Pore structure data of Yanchang Formation shale samples in Yanchang exploration area

样品号	层位	平均孔径 /nm	总孔容/ (10^-3mL/g)	总比表面积/ (m²/g)	孔容/(10^-3mL/g)				比表面积/(m²/g)
样品号	层位	平均孔径 /nm	总孔容/ (10^-3mL/g)	总比表面积/ (m²/g)	微孔	介孔	宏孔		微孔	介孔	宏孔
YY4-1	长7段	6.13	14.01	6.56	0.54	11.47	2.00	1.89		4.18	0.49
YY5-10	长7段	9.60	11.34	7.87	0.85	7.49	3.00	2.90		4.49	0.47
YY7-8	长7段	8.68	11.80	4.71	0.39	9.41	2.00	1.33		3.10	0.27
YY7-12	长7段	12.18	16.61	7.01	0.44	12.17	4.00	1.54		4.75	0.73
YY8-7	长7段	9.74	7.72	5.08	0.51	6.21	1.00	1.76		3.19	0.13
YY9-6	长7段	8.49	13.81	7.94	0.46	11.35	2.00	1.57		6.13	0.24
YY12-5	长7段	9.83	6.16	4.91	0.66	4.80	0.70	2.26		2.64	0.01
YY4-5	长9段	7.88	18.65	11.04	0.71	13.94	4.00	2.52		8.08	0.44
YY5-31	长9段	8.95	15.95	11.74	0.83	11.12	4.00	2.82		8.13	0.79
YY8-17	长9段	9.76	24.99	11.96	0.59	17.40	7.00	2.00		8.58	1.38
YY9-16	长9段	6.47	22.99	14.31	0.72	15.27	7.00	2.46		10.45	1.39
YY12-21	长9段	5.76	14.33	11.39	0.84	9.49	4.00	2.80		7.69	0.90
YY13-21	长9段	7.42	17.10	11.39	0.66	13.44	3.00	2.44		8.32	0.63

图5 延长探区延长组页岩微孔和介孔孔径分布及其与北美页岩比较

Fig.5 Aperture distribution of micropore and mesopore of Yanchang Formation shale in Yanchang exploration area and comparison with North America shale

图6 延长探区延长组页岩宏孔孔径分布曲线

Fig.6 Aperture distribution of macropore of Yanchang Formation shale in Yanchang exploration area

图7 延长探区延长组页岩孔容与有机碳含量(TOC)的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between pore volume and organic carbon content (TOC) of Yanchang Formation shale in Yanchang exploration area

图8 延长探区延长组页岩样品孔容与成熟度(Ro)的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between pore volume and maturity (Ro) of Yanchang Formation shale in Yanchang exploration area

图9 延长探区延长组页岩孔容与脆性矿物和黏土矿物含量的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between pore volume and clay and brittle mineral content of Yanchang Formation shale in Yanchang exploration area

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