鲕粒白云岩内部溶蚀及孔隙非均质性演化研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.06.04

现代地质 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (06): 1174-1187.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.06.04

鲕粒白云岩内部溶蚀及孔隙非均质性演化研究

谢淑云¹(), 雷蕾¹^,², 焦存礼³, 何治亮³, 鲍征宇¹, 马佳怡¹, 张殿伟³, 彭守涛³

1.中国地质大学(武汉) 地球科学学院,湖北武汉 430074
2.东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西南昌 330013
3.中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2018-12-26 修回日期:2019-04-05 出版日期:2019-12-26 发布日期:2019-12-27
作者简介:谢淑云,女,教授,1976年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层溶解动力学与覆盖区地球化学找矿及定量地球化学的研究工作。Email: tinaxie@cug.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”(2008ZX05005);国家“973计划”项目 “中国早古生代海相碳酸盐岩层系大型油气田形成机理与分布规律”(2012CB214802);中国石油化工股份有限公司项目“塔里木盆地深层优质碳酸盐岩储层成因与分布”(P14038)

Internal Dissolution and Pore Structural Evolution of Oolitic Dolomite

XIE Shuyun¹(), LEI Lei¹^,², JIAO Cunli³, HE Zhiliang³, BAO Zhengyu¹, MA Jiayi¹, ZHANG Dianwei³, PENG Shoutao³

1. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan,Hubei 430074, China
2. School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology, Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013, China
3. Research Institute of Exploration & Production, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2018-12-26 Revised:2019-04-05 Online:2019-12-26 Published:2019-12-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在地表和埋藏条件下溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙是碳酸盐岩油气储层重要的储集空间。为探究孔隙的溶蚀改造机理及其控制因素,通过柱塞样,开展了0.2%的乙酸环境中鲕粒白云岩的溶蚀实验,实验温度和压力范围分别为40~160 ℃和10~50 MPa。实验采取连续取样获得溶液中Ca²⁺与Mg²⁺离子含量,通过CT 成像技术获取溶蚀反应前后孔隙图像并运用分形与多重分形方法定量分析孔隙在二维和三维空间上的非均质性。研究表明,溶蚀过程中,鲕粒白云岩溶蚀液中[Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺]浓度在实验开始时最低,之后稳步上升并在120 ℃、40 MPa时达到最大值,而后缓慢下降,溶蚀窗范围出现在70 ℃(20 MPa)~120 ℃(40 MPa)之间。二维和三维微观孔隙结构在空间上的分布具有显著的多重分形特征,溶蚀作用使得孔隙的不规则性减少、孔隙的奇异范围缩减。这些结果对于认识近地表和深埋藏条件下溶蚀作用对碳酸盐岩储层孔隙的改造强度及孔隙的动态演化规律具有重要的理论及实际意义。

关键词: 内部溶蚀, 多重分形, 孔隙结构, 非均质性

Abstract:

Secondary pores formed by dissolution under surface and burial conditions are very important sites for carbonate reservoirs. To explore the pore erosion mechanism and its controlling factors, the dissolution experiments of oolitic dolomite in 0.2% acetic acid environment were carried out with one oolitic column sample. The experimental temperature and pressure were of 40-160 ℃ and 10-50 MPa, respectively. Continuous sampling was conducted to measure the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents in the solution. Pore images before and after the dissolution reactions were obtained by CT imaging. Fractal and multifractal methods were used to quantify the pore heterogeneity in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) space. The results show that the [Ca²⁺+ Mg²⁺] concentration of oolitic dolomite was the lowest at the beginning of the dissolution experiment, and then increased steadily and reached the maximum at 120 ℃ and 40 MPa, and subsequently decreased slowly with the dissolution window from 70 ℃ to 120 ℃. The 2D/3D spatial distribution of micro-pore structure has multifractal characteristics. This implies that the dissolution reduced the irregularity and singularity of the pores. These results are of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the dissolution effect on the pore structures, and the pore dynamic evolution in carbonate reservoirs under near-surface or deep-burial conditions.

Key words: internal dissolution, multifractal, pore structure, heterogeneity

中图分类号:

TE122.2

谢淑云, 雷蕾, 焦存礼, 何治亮, 鲍征宇, 马佳怡, 张殿伟, 彭守涛. 鲕粒白云岩内部溶蚀及孔隙非均质性演化研究[J]. 现代地质, 2019, 33(06): 1174-1187.

XIE Shuyun, LEI Lei, JIAO Cunli, HE Zhiliang, BAO Zhengyu, MA Jiayi, ZHANG Dianwei, PENG Shoutao. Internal Dissolution and Pore Structural Evolution of Oolitic Dolomite[J]. Geoscience, 2019, 33(06): 1174-1187.

图/表 14

图1 鲕粒白云岩实验样品光学显微镜下特征 (a)和(b)为鲕粒间填隙物亮晶白云岩胶结物;(c)为鲕粒中心部位白云石

Fig.1 Characteristics of the oolitic dolomite sample under the optical microscope

图2 溶解动力学模拟装置示意图[67]

Fig.2 Sketch diagram of the dissolution kinetics simulator

表1 反应溶液中Ca2+、Mg2+浓度及对应反应条件

Table 1 Concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the solution and the corresponding reaction conditions

序号	温度/ ℃	压力/ bar	深度/ m	Ca²⁺/ (10^-3 mol/L)	Mg²⁺/ (10^-3 mol/L)	(Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)/ (10^-3 mol/L)
1	40	100	1 333	4.28	4.33	8.61
2	40	100	1 333	4.35	4.38	8.73
3	70	200	2 333	6.28	6.38	12.65
4	70	200	2 333	6.25	6.33	12.58
5	90	300	3 000	6.45	6.58	13.03
6	90	300	3 000	6.33	6.46	12.78
7	120	400	4 000	6.55	6.63	13.18
8	120	400	4 000	6.48	6.58	13.06
9	140	500	4 667	6.25	6.33	12.58
10	140	500	4 667	6.23	6.33	12.56
11	160	500	5 333	5.95	6.04	11.99
12	160	500	5 333	5.90	6.04	11.94

图3 样品反应溶液中Ca2+、Mg2+浓度和Ca2+/Mg2+比值随温压变化规律(反应过程中温度与压力同时变化)

Fig.3 Variation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the solution and the corresponding Ca2+/Mg2+ values (the temperature and pressure changing simultaneously during the reaction process)

图4 CT图像灰度二值化 (a)、(b)分别为反应前后CT测试的灰度值f(i, j, k)图;(c)、(d)为对应二值化后灰度f'(i, j, k)图像;样品直径为2.5 cm

Fig.4 Typical grey-scale CT images with 2.5 cm sampling diameter

图5 二维孔隙度与分形和多重分形参数散点图(图6(a)、 (b)、 (c)、 (d)、 (e)、 (f)、 (g)、 (h)分别代表孔隙度与盒子维数Db、Δα、Δf、ΔαL、 ΔαR 、 ΔfL 、ΔfR、R参数之间的散点图,蓝色代表反应前参数点,红色代表反应后参数点)

Fig.5 Scatter plot of fractal and multifractal analysis parameters versus porosity value by 2D-imaging (blue and red dots represent the relationships before and after the dissolution experiment, respectively)

图6 分形和多重分形参数聚类分析树状图((a)为反应前,(b)为反应后)

Fig.6 Dendrogram of cluster analysis based on fractal and multifractal analysis parameters: (a) before and (b) after the dissolution experiment

图7 多重分形参数Δα和Δf散点图(蓝色为反应前,红色为反应后)

Fig.7 Scatter plot of Δα versus Δf by 2D-imaging (blue and red dots represent the relationships before and after the dissolution experiment, respectively)

图8 基于3DThroat反应前(a)后(b)孔隙三维可视化示意图

Fig.8 3D-visualization of pores before (a) and after (b) the dissolution experiment

图9 孔隙体积分布直方图(蓝色为反应前,红色为反应后,图(b)为图(a)宏孔隙区域部分)

Fig.9 Histograms of pore volumes (blue and red dots represent the relationships before and after the dissolution experiment, respectively, (b) is a zoom-in of (a))

表2 碳酸盐岩样品等效面积及累计概率分级一览表

Table 2 Equivalent sizes and classification cumulative frequency of the oolitic dolomite samples

条件		累计概率/%
条件		5	25	50	75	97.5	99.5	100
等效面积/ μm²	反应前	255.97	511.94	1 535.82	5 119.41	54 777.73	525 852.06	3.52×10⁸
等效面积/ μm²	反应后	255.97	255.97	511.94	1 791.80	19 453.78	73 609.78	5.76×10⁸

表3 碳酸盐岩样品孔隙空间等效面积分级累计概率统计表

Table 3 Cumulative frequency of pore space equivalent area classification for the oolitic dolomite samples

样品 (NSP-4)	累计概率/%
样品 (NSP-4)	a级	b级	c级	d级	e级	f级	g级
反应前	0	0	0	22.23	52.00	22.96	2.577
反应后	0	0	0	39.00	50.91	9.27	1.009

表4 三维孔隙分形与多重分形参数

Table 4 Fractal and multifractal parameters of 3D pore spaces

	渗透率/10^-3μm²	孔隙度/%	D_b	Δα	Δf	Δα_L	Δα_R	Δf_L	Δf_R	R
反应前	0.189 6	3.48	2.76	4.09	1.39	1.55	2.53	1.64	3.03	-0.24
反应后	35 207	6.67	2.98	2.35	2.12	0.62	1.73	0.56	2.68	-0.48

图10 反应前(a1、b1、c1)后(a2、b2、c2)孔隙分形与多重分形谱特征示意图

Fig.10 Fractal and multifractal spectrum sketch maps of the pore spaces before and after the dissolution experiment

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鲕粒白云岩内部溶蚀及孔隙非均质性演化研究

Internal Dissolution and Pore Structural Evolution of Oolitic Dolomite

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