鄂尔多斯盆地南部长73页岩层系储层特征及主控因素

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.047

现代地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05): 1254-1270.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.047

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7₃页岩层系储层特征及主控因素

李庆¹^,²(), 李江山¹^,², 卢浩¹^,², 齐奉强¹^,², 何羽¹^,², 安可钦¹^,², 李隆禹¹^,², 张厚民¹^,², 伍岳³

1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249
2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院,北京 102249
3.中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-02-28 修回日期:2022-06-29 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-11-03
作者简介:李庆,男,副教授,博士生导师,1985年出生,地质资源与地质工程专业,主要从事沉积学及非常规油气地质学研究。Email: liqing@cup.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41602137);中国石油天然气集团有限公司-中国石油大学(北京)战略合作科技专项(ZLZX2020-02);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(2462020YXZZ022)

Characteristics and Control Factors of the Chang 7₃ Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin

LI Qing¹^,²(), LI Jiangshan¹^,², LU Hao¹^,², QI Fengqiang¹^,², HE Yu¹^,², AN Keqin¹^,², LI Longyu¹^,², ZHANG Houmin¹^,², WU Yue³

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249,China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083,China

Received:2022-02-28 Revised:2022-06-29 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鄂尔多斯盆地长7₃亚段的页岩层系有机质含量、矿物含量变化大,发育凝灰岩夹层,具有较强的非均质性,不同岩相的孔隙结构差异及主控因素尚不明确。综合多种分析技术手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7₃页岩层系的岩相进行系统划分,对比不同岩相的孔隙结构及物性差异,探讨其有效孔隙网络及主控因素。根据粒度、TOC和矿物成分将长7₃细粒岩分为8种岩相类型,其中高有机质硅质页岩、凝灰岩及高有机质黏土质页岩三种岩相所占比例较高。长7₃页岩中有机质丰度高(平均20.04%),类型以Ⅰ型为主,处于低熟到成熟阶段。储集空间根据产状可分为基质孔隙(粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、特大溶蚀孔)、有机质相关孔隙(有机质孔、有机质边缘孔隙)、裂缝(构造缝、成岩缝、晶面裂缝、粒边缝)。各岩相等温吸附曲线特征以IV型为主,迟滞回线以H₃型为主。宏孔是储集游离油的有效孔隙,储集性能受岩相、有机质含量及矿物组成控制。凝灰岩孔隙度、渗透率及宏孔比孔容最高,其次为高有机质硅质页岩和高有机质黏土质页岩,而低有机质页岩宏孔比孔容最小,介孔比孔容大。页岩中有机质、黄铁矿含量与宏孔比孔容呈正相关,凝灰岩中石英含量与宏孔比孔容也呈正相关。研究成果可为长7₃亚段页岩油甜点评价及预测提供地质依据。

关键词: 页岩油, 孔隙结构, 细粒岩, 凝灰岩, 储层特征, 岩相

Abstract:

The shale of Chang 7₃ sub-member in the Ordos Basin has vast range of organic matter and mineral content variations, with tuff interlayers and strong heterogeneity. The difference and main controlling factors of pore structure of different lithofacies are unclear. This paper presents comprehensive variety of analytical techniques, and systematic lithofacies division of shale in the Chang 7₃ from the southern Ordos Basin. The pore structure and physical characteristics of different lithofacies were compared, and the effective pore network and main controlling factors were discussed. According to grain size, TOC, and mineral composition, the fine-grained rock of Chang 7₃ can be divided into eight lithofacies types, among which high organic matter siliceous shale, tuff and high organic matter clay shale are most developed. The organic matter content in the Chang 7₃ sub-member shale is high (average 20.04%). Kerogen is mainly type I, which is mainly in the stage of low maturity to maturity. The reservoir space is divided into matrix pores (intergranular pores, intragranular pores, intercrystalline pores, ultra-large dissolution pores), organic-related pores (organic pores, organic marginal pores), and fractures (structural fractures, diagenetic fractures, diagenetic fractures, crystal plane fractures, and grain-margin fractures). The sorption isotherm of each lithofacies is mainly type IV and the hysteresis loops are mainly type H₃. Macropore is effective pore for storing free oil. The reservoir property is obviously controlled by lithofacies. The average porosity and macropore specific pore volume of tuff is the highest, followed by the high organic siliceous shale and the high organic clay shale. The macropore specific pore volume of the low organic shale is the lowest, while the mesoporous specific pore volume is high. The contents of organic matter and pyrite are positively correlated with macropore specific pore volume of shale. The content of quartz shows positive correlation with macropore specific pore volume of tuff. Our research results can provide the geological basis for further evaluation and prediction of shale oil in Chang 7₃ sub-member.

Key words: shale oil, pore structure, fine-grained rock, tuff, reservoir characteristic, lithofacies

中图分类号:

李庆, 李江山, 卢浩, 齐奉强, 何羽, 安可钦, 李隆禹, 张厚民, 伍岳. 鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7₃页岩层系储层特征及主控因素[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(05): 1254-1270.

LI Qing, LI Jiangshan, LU Hao, QI Fengqiang, HE Yu, AN Keqin, LI Longyu, ZHANG Houmin, WU Yue. Characteristics and Control Factors of the Chang 7₃ Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(05): 1254-1270.

图/表 14

图1 鄂尔多斯盆地研究区位置及上三叠统延长组地层特征(据文献[25]修改) (a)鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元及研究区位置;(b)鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地层特征

Fig.1 Location of the study area and stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin (modified after reference[25])

图2 研究区长7段页岩有机地球化学特征

Fig.2 Geochemical characteristics of Chang 7 shale in the study area

表1 岩相划分依据及方案

Table 1 Lithofacies division basis and scheme

岩石类别	粒度/mm	岩性	TOC含量/%	玻屑/晶屑含量	硅质/黏土质比例	岩相
正常碎屑岩	<0.005	泥页岩	>6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)/(黏土矿物+云母)}>1	高有机质硅质页岩
			>6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)/(黏土矿物+云母)}<1	高有机质黏土质页岩
			2~6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)(黏土矿物+云母)}>1	中有机质硅质页岩
			2~6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)/(黏土矿物+云母)}<1	中有机质黏土质页岩
			<2	-	-	低有机质页岩
	0.005~0.01	粉砂岩	-	-	-	粉砂岩
火山碎屑岩	<2	凝灰岩	-	玻屑>75%	-	玻屑凝灰岩
火山碎屑岩	<2	凝灰岩	-	50%<玻屑<75%, 晶屑>25%	-	晶屑质玻屑凝灰岩

图3 研究区长73亚段各岩相矿物组成

Fig.3 Mineral composition of the various lithofacies of Chang 73 sub-member in the study area

图4 研究区页岩层系不同岩相镜下特征 (a)高有机质硅质页岩,JH4井,1 453.62 m,(+);(b)高有机质黏土质页岩,JH4井,1 454.76 m,(-); (c)中有机质硅质页岩,LH2井,929.82 m,(-);(d)中有机质黏土质页岩,JH4井,1 434.59 m,(-); (e)低有机质页岩,JH4井,1 430.1 m,(+); (f)粉砂岩,JH4井,1 449.57 m,(-); (g)凝灰岩与页岩频繁互层,彬1井,1 442.46 m;(h)玻屑凝灰岩,彬1井,1 444.94 m,(-);(i)晶屑质玻屑凝灰岩,彬1井,1 442.46 m,(-)

Fig.4 Microscopic characteristics of different lithofacies of the shale reservoirs in the study area

图5 研究区不同岩相比例 1.高有机质硅质页岩;2.高有机质黏土质页岩;3.中有机质硅质页岩;4.中有机质黏土质页岩;5.低有机质页岩;6.玻屑凝灰岩;7. 晶屑质玻屑凝灰岩

Fig.5 Proportions of the different lithofacies in the study area

图6 不同孔隙类型微观特征 (a)粒间孔,扫描电镜,彬1井,1 436.74 m; (b)粒内孔,扫描电镜,JH4井,1 452.5 m; (c)晶间孔,扫描电镜,LH2井,970.99 m; (d)特大溶孔,彬1井, 1 433.76 m, (-);(e)有机质孔,扫描电镜,JH4井,1 454.76 m;(f)有机质边缘孔,扫描电镜,JH4井,1 452.5 m; (g)构造缝,JH4, 1 454.19 m, (-);(h)成岩缝,彬1井,1 433.85 m,(-); (i)晶面裂缝,彬1井,1 437.96 m,(+)

Fig.6 Microscopic characteristics of the different reservoir space types

图7 页岩层系主要岩相的孔隙发育差异

Fig.7 Difference in pore development for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs

图8 页岩层系不同岩相氮气吸附曲线特征

Fig.8 Characteristics of nitrogen adsorption curves for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs

图9 页岩层系不同岩相高压压汞曲线特征

Fig.9 Characteristics of high pressure mercury injection curves for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs

图10 页岩层系不同岩相联合孔径分布特征

Fig.10 Joint pore size distribution characteristics for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoir

图11 页岩层系不同岩相孔隙度及渗透率特征(1 mD=10-3 μm2)

Fig.11 Porosity and permeability characteristics for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs (1 mD=10-3 μm2)

图12 宏孔及介孔比孔容与S1交汇图

Fig.12 Crossplots of macropore and mesopore specific pore volume versus S1

图13 页岩及凝灰岩宏孔比孔容与各组分交汇图 (a)—(f)页岩;(g)—(i)凝灰岩

Fig.13 Crossplots of macro-pore specific pore volume versus components of shale and tuff

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鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7₃页岩层系储层特征及主控因素

Characteristics and Control Factors of the Chang 7₃ Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin

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