新疆塔北隆起桥古地区前中生界碳酸盐岩潜山储层特征与发育模式

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.048

现代地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05): 1391-1402.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.048

新疆塔北隆起桥古地区前中生界碳酸盐岩潜山储层特征与发育模式

刘倩¹^,²(), 樊太亮¹^,²(), 高志前¹^,², 张同辉¹^,², 马晓萱¹^,², 卫端¹^,², 鲁新便³

1.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院,北京 100083
2.海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
3.中国石化西北油田分公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2022-04-08 修回日期:2022-07-28 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-11-03
通讯作者: 樊太亮
作者简介:樊太亮,男,教授,博士生导师,1961年出生,石油地质专业,从事碳酸盐岩油气储层研究。Email: fantl@cugb.edu.cn。
刘倩,女,硕士研究生,1995年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,从事碳酸盐岩沉积储层评价研究。Email: 1170840257@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972130);中国科学院战略先导A项目(XDA14010201-02)

Characteristics and Development Pattern of Pre-Mesoproterozoic Carbonate Subduction Reservoirs in the Qiaogu Area of the Tabei Uplift

LIU Qian¹^,²(), FAN Tailiang¹^,²(), GAO Zhiqian¹^,², ZHANG Tonghui¹^,², MA Xiaoxuan¹^,², WEI Duan¹^,², LU Xinbian³

1. School of Energy, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanism, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
3. Northwest Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China

Received:2022-04-08 Revised:2022-07-28 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-11-03
Contact: FAN Tailiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

桥古地区前中生界潜山地层是新疆塔北隆起油气勘探取得突破的重点区域。该区潜山地层埋藏深且分布复杂,储层非均质性强且受后期流体活动改造强烈,油气富集规律不清楚,严重制约区域油气勘探和靶区优选。为查明潜山储层特征和储层发育主控因素,建立储层发育模式,利用岩心、钻测井和地震等资料进行系统的储层特征和控制因素研究。研究结果表明:桥古地区前中生界储层岩性主要为晶粒白云岩、硅质白云岩及颗粒白云岩三大类;储集空间以裂缝为主,溶孔次之,局部发育溶洞。不同岩相物性差异明显,细粉晶白云岩、灰质粉晶白云岩和砂屑泥晶白云岩储集层较发育,储层基质物性好;泥晶白云岩、硅质白云岩相对致密,为非储层,物性差。基于以上研究提炼出桥古地区内幕潜山储层发育模式,即储层发育主要受控于岩相、断裂及埋藏-热液作用,其中岩相是储层发育的物质基础,断裂是储层发育的关键因素,埋藏-热液对储层发育进行叠加改造。对比目的层系储集单元特征,肖尔布拉克组上段发育5套开发小层系,其中第1、3、4套开发层系具有良好的储层物性和储盖组合,是未来油气勘探与靶区优选重点目标。

关键词: 塔北隆起, 桥古地区, 前中生界, 潜山储层特征, 储层发育模式

Abstract:

The buried hill formation of the pre-Mesozoic in Qiaogu area is the key area for the breakthrough of oil and gas exploration in Tabei Uplift, Xinjiang.The buried hill strata in this area are deep and complex in distribution, the reservoir is highly heterogeneous and strongly transformed by late fluid activity, and the law of oil and gas enrichment is unclear, which seriously restricts regional oil and gas exploration and target selection.In order to find out the characteristics of buried hill reservoir and the main controlling factors of reservoir development and establish the reservoir development model, the reservoir characteristics and controlling factors were systematically studied by using core, drilling and logging data and seismic data.The results show that the pre-Mesozoic reservoir lithology in Qiaogu area is mainly composed of three types: crystalline dolomite, siliceous dolomite and granular dolomite.The reservoir space is dominated by fractures, followed by dissolved pores, and locally developed karst caves.The physical properties of different lithofacies are obviously different. Fine silty dolomite, calcareous silty dolomite and sand-clastic micritic dolomite reservoirs are well developed, and the reservoir matrix has good physical properties.Micritic dolomite and siliceous dolomite are relatively compact and non-reservoir with poor physical properties.Based on the above research, the reservoir development model of the inner buried hill in Qiaogu area is extracted, that is, the reservoir development is mainly controlled by lithofacies, faults and burial-hydrothermal interaction, among which lithofacies is the material basis of reservoir development, faults are the key factors of reservoir development, and burial-hydrothermal transformation of reservoir development is superimposed.Compared with the reservoir unit characteristics of the target strata, there are five sets of small development strata in the upper member of the Xiaerbulak Formation, among which the first, third and fourth development strata have good reservoir physical properties and reservoir-cap combination, which are the preferred key targets for future oil and gas exploration and target areas.

Key words: Tabei uplift, Qiaogu area, pre-Mesozoic, subduction reservoir characteristic, reservoir development pattern

中图分类号:

刘倩, 樊太亮, 高志前, 张同辉, 马晓萱, 卫端, 鲁新便. 新疆塔北隆起桥古地区前中生界碳酸盐岩潜山储层特征与发育模式[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(05): 1391-1402.

LIU Qian, FAN Tailiang, GAO Zhiqian, ZHANG Tonghui, MA Xiaoxuan, WEI Duan, LU Xinbian. Characteristics and Development Pattern of Pre-Mesoproterozoic Carbonate Subduction Reservoirs in the Qiaogu Area of the Tabei Uplift[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(05): 1391-1402.

图/表 12

图1 研究区位置图[13]

Fig.1 Location map of the study area (after ref.[13])

图2 桥古地区潜山层岩石类型 (a)QG1-2井5 982.67~5 982.80 m,灰色泥晶白云岩;(b)QG101井,5 758.485 m,铸体薄片,10×单偏光,泥晶白云岩,晶形呈半自形,方解石充填裂缝,晶间溶孔被方解石充填;(c)QG1井,5 758.025 m,铸体薄片,10×单偏光,泥晶白云岩,晶形呈半自形-它形,重结晶现象明显,泥晶重结晶成晶粒更粗大的粉晶白云石;(d)QG1井,5 748.79~5 748.96 m,灰色油迹粉细晶白云岩;(e)QG102井,5 832.65~5 832.74 m,灰色粉晶白云岩,发育少量溶孔,半充填;(f)QG102井,5 825.86 m,铸体薄片,5×正交偏光,粉晶白云岩,白云石结晶差,发育未充填裂缝和方解石全充填缝,裂缝伴生溶孔部分被石英充填,部分粉晶晶粒重结晶成晶粒更粗大的细晶白云石;(g)QG1井,5 751 m,铸体薄片,5×正交偏光,粉晶白云岩,晶形呈它形,裂缝半充填,充填物为硅质;(h)QG101井,5 757.06 m,铸体薄片,10×单偏光、正交偏光,灰质粉晶白云岩,白云石经成岩作用变成呈条状分布的石膏;(i)QG101井,5 760,54 m,铸体薄片,5×正交偏光,灰质粉晶白云岩,发育未充填溶蚀扩大缝和小溶孔,可见重结晶现象;(j)QG1井,5 740.255 m,铸体薄片,2.5×单偏光,砾屑白云岩,保留了砾屑的形状,内部被重结晶成嵌晶状泥晶晶粒;(k)QG102井,6 113.36 m,铸体薄片,5×正交偏光,泥晶晶粒间有大的石英颗粒;(l)QG1井,5 752.84 m,铸体薄片,5×正交偏光,硅质白云岩,残余的砂屑、砾屑硅化,空孔被硅质石英充填,白云石为残余结构,孔隙不发育

Fig.2 Rock types of buried hill layers in Qiaogu area

表1 不同储集空间类型在电成像测井图像上的显示特征

Table 1 Display characteristics of different reservoir space types on electrical imaging logging images

储集空间类型	成像测井图像显示特征	分布情况
裂缝	深色或黑色的正弦曲线	研究区均有发育
溶孔	深色或黑色的不规则斑块, 多数与裂缝相伴而生	研究区少量发育
溶洞	极板全是黑色条带夹局部亮色团块	研究区欠发育

图3 桥古地区电成像测井解释图版

Fig.3 Interpretation charts of electrical imaging logging in Qiaogu area

图4 QG1井肖上段储集空间精细刻画

Fig.4 Fine depiction of the reservoir space in the upper Xiao member of well QG1

图5 QG1井肖上段储层综合柱状图

Fig.5 Integrated reservoir histogram of the upper Xiao member of well QG1

图6 桥古地区不同岩相面孔率分布箱状图

Fig.6 Box plot of porosity distribution of different lithofacies in Qiaogu area

表2 桥古地区岩性面孔率统计

Table 2 Statistics of lithologic porosity in Qiaogu area

岩石类型	样品数/个	面孔率分布区间/%	平均面孔率/%
泥晶白云岩	33	0.004~0.609	0.217
粉晶白云岩	25	0.030~2.871	0.697
灰质粉晶白云岩	2	0.216~0.672	0.444
砂屑泥晶白云岩	4	0.216~0.672	0.479
硅质白云岩	4	0.126~0.625	0.378

图7 QG1井肖尔布拉克组储集单元划分 (a)5 747.85~5 748.02 m,灰色粉晶白云岩,发育半充填水平缝;(b)5 748.60~5 748.79 m,灰色油迹粉细晶白云岩,发育沟通水平缝的垂直缝,成网状分布;(c)5 752.62~5 748.72 m,灰色油迹粉晶白云岩,发育溶蚀孔洞;(d)5 754.35~5 754.40 m,灰黑色细晶白云岩,发育中高角度溶蚀扩大缝,全充填;(e)5 754.89~5 755.03 m,灰黑色泥晶白云岩,发育溶蚀扩大缝,全充填;(f)5 756.72~5 756.80 m,灰黑色泥晶白云岩,发育直立充填缝

Fig.7 Reservoir unit division in the upper Xiao member of well QG1

图8 QG1-QG101-QG102井储层连井剖面

Fig.8 Reservoir connection profile of well QG1-QG101-QG102

图9 桥古地区潜山储层储集空间类型 (a)QG101井,5 760.85 ~5 761.04 m,灰色灰质白云岩,发育高角度缝未充填,见小溶孔;(b)QG1井,5 756.38 m,铸体薄片,10×单偏光,粉晶白云岩,晶形呈半自形,发育未充填缝,且裂缝周围白云石晶粒为更粗大的细晶晶粒;(c)QG1井,5 752.315 m,铸体薄片,10×正交偏光,细粉晶白云岩,晶形呈半自形,发育晶间溶蚀孔;(d)QG102井,5 830.94~5 831.09 m,深灰色硅质白云岩,发育两期裂缝,为高角度充填缝,第一期为白云石充填,为1~2 mm;第二期为红褐色铁质充填,3~4 mm;(e)QG1井,5 758.955 m,铸体薄片,5×正交偏光,泥晶白云岩,裂缝被白云石和硅质充填;(f)QG1井,5 755.64~5 755.74 m,灰黑色细晶白云岩,发育高角度溶蚀扩大缝;(g)QG102井,5 832.65~5 832.74 m,灰色粉晶白云岩,发育少量溶孔,半充填;(h)QG1井,5 752.62~5 752.72 m,灰色油迹粉晶白云岩,发育溶蚀孔洞;(i)QG101井,5 757.71 m,铸体薄片,2.5×正交偏光,粉晶白云岩,裂缝、溶孔被硅质充填

Fig.9 Reservoir space types of buried hill reservoirs in Qiaogu area

图10 桥古地区储层发育模式

Fig.10 Reservoir development model in Qiaogu area

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新疆塔北隆起桥古地区前中生界碳酸盐岩潜山储层特征与发育模式

Characteristics and Development Pattern of Pre-Mesoproterozoic Carbonate Subduction Reservoirs in the Qiaogu Area of the Tabei Uplift

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