黔西地区下石炭统旧司组页岩气聚集条件及含气性分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.099

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究旧司组页岩气聚集条件和含气性特征,以黔西地区下石炭统旧司组页岩为研究对象,采用薄片鉴定、X-射线衍射分析、覆压孔渗、扫描电镜、低温氮吸附、有机地球化学、含气量现场解析、等温吸附等测试方法开展研究。结果表明:黔西地区旧司组富有机质页岩广泛发育,厚度主体上介于30~100 m之间,有机碳含量高,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型,处于过成熟生干气阶段;矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物,脆性指数均大于50%,为超低孔、超低渗,孔隙类型多样,孔径介于2~4 nm之间,以中孔为主,比表面积和总孔体积较大,具备良好的页岩气聚集条件;页岩微观孔隙的分形维数(D₁、D₂)较大,平均值分别为2.804 1、2.753 8,页岩孔隙结构较为复杂、非均质性较强;现场解析总含气量主体介于1.5~3.0 m³/t之间,等温吸附气量介于1.58~4.52 m³/t之间,含气性能较好,旧司组显示出具有良好的页岩气勘探潜力。

关键词: 页岩气, 旧司组, 聚集条件, 孔隙结构, 含气性, 黔西地区

Abstract:

In order to study the shale gas accumulation conditions and gas-bearing characteristics of the Jiusi Formation, we conducted thin-section microscopic identification, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, overburden porosity and permeability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, organic geochemistry, in-situ gas content, and isothermal adsorption analyses. The results show that the organic-rich Jiusi Formation (Fm.) shale is widely developed (mainly 30 to 100m thick) and has high TOC. It is mainly of type II and in the stage of over-mature dry gas generation. The shale contains mainly quartz and clay mineral, and with high brittleness index (>50%), ultra-low porosity and permeability. The rocks have also various pore types, medium pore size, large specific surface area and total pore volume, and good shale gas accumulation conditions. The fractal dimension of micro-pores is large, with average D₁ and D₂ of 2.804,1 and 2.753,8 respectively, reflecting complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity. The gas and adsorbed gas contents are of 1.5 to 3.0 m³/t and 1.58 to 4.52m³/t, respectively. The results indicate good gas-bearing performance, suggesting that the Jiusi Formation has good shale gas exploration potential.

Key words: shale gas, Jiusi Formation, accumulation conditions, pore structure, gas-bearing properties, western Guizhou

中图分类号:

TE121.1

姜秉仁, 杨通保, 石富伦, 韩明辉, 付炜. 黔西地区下石炭统旧司组页岩气聚集条件及含气性分析[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(02): 338-348.

JIANG Bingren, YANG Tongbao, SHI Fulun, HAN Minghui, FU Wei. Shale Gas Accumulation Conditions and Gas-bearing Properties of the Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation in Western Guizhou[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(02): 338-348.

图/表 13

图1 黔西地区地质背景及样品位置

Fig.1 Geological background and sampling location in western Guizhou

图2 黔西地区石炭系地层综合柱状图

Fig.2 Stratigraphic column of Carboniferous sedimentary system in western Guizhou

图3 黔西地区旧司组岩心照片及薄片鉴定镜下特征

Fig.3 Core photos and thin-section microscopic characteristics of the Jiusi Formation in western Guizhou

图4 LY1井旧司组页岩TOC随深度变化图

Fig.4 Distribution frequency of TOC with depth in the Jiusi Formation shale of LY1 well

表1 黔西地区与北美、四川盆地页岩气层系主要发育特征参数对比[1,23-24]

Table 1 Comparison of major development parameters of shale gas series between western Guizhou, North America and Sichuan basins [1,23-24]

地区	页岩层系	地层年代	厚度/m	有机质类型	TOC/%	R_o/%	石英 /%	孔隙度/%	含气量/ (m³·t^-1)	地层压力系数
福特沃斯	Barnett	石炭纪	61~300	Ⅱ	1.0~13.0	1.0~2.1	35.0~50.0	1.0~6.0	8.49~9.91	0.99~1.02
阿巴拉契亚	Ohio	泥盆纪	91~610	Ⅱ	0.5~23.0	0.4~4.0	45.0~60.0	2.0~11.0	1.70~2.83	0.35~0.92
密歇根	Antrim	泥盆纪	49	Ⅰ	0.3~24.0	0.4~0.6	20.0~41.0	2.0~10.0	1.13~3.50	0.81
涪陵	龙马溪组	志留纪	200~300	Ⅰ、Ⅱ	0.5~7.1	2.4~2.8	18.8~70.6	1.2~8.6	0.63~9.63	1.00~1.55
昭通	龙马溪组	志留纪	200~300	Ⅰ、Ⅱ	2.1~6.7	2.5~3.2	35.0~50.0	1.6~4.8	1.00~5.50	1.00~2.05
黔西地区	旧司组	石炭纪	30~100	Ⅱ	0.6~4.5	1.7~3.2	36.9~67.0	0.7~4.0	0.90~3.00	0.84~0.90

图5 旧司组页岩有机质类型判别[23,24]

Fig.5 Discrimination of organic-matter types in the Jiusi Fm. Shale [23,24]

图6 黔西地区旧司组页岩矿物组成及与页岩气商业开发区页岩对比[23,26]

Fig.6 Mineral composition of the Jiusi Fm. shale in western Guizhou and comparison with shale in shale-gas development zones[23,26]

图7 黔西地区旧司组富有机质页岩微观孔隙类型

Fig.7 Pore types of organic-rich shale in the Jiusi Formation in western Guizhou

图8 旧司组典型页岩样品吸附—脱附等温曲线

Fig.8 Adsorption desorption isotherm curve of typical shale samples in the Jiusi Formation

图9 旧司组富有机质页岩孔径分布图

Fig.9 Pore-size distribution of organic-rich shale in the Jiusi Formation

表2 旧司组页岩氮吸附法微观孔隙结构参数及分形维数

Table 2 Pore structure parameters and fractal dimension of the Jiusi Fm. shale by nitrogen adsorption

样品编号	比表面积 /(m²·g^-1)	孔体积 /(m³·g^-1)	平均孔径 /nm	D₁	D₂
JS-1	10.853	0.021 4	7.68	2.684 1	2.717 2
JS-5	19.016	0.019 1	4.86	2.735 3	2.813 5
JS-7	9.366	0.007 8	4.42	2.767 4	2.835 6
JS-12	16.841	0.019 6	5.59	2.752 1	2.774 0
JS-13	15.245	0.015 5	5.20	2.735 6	2.784 5
JS-15	30.287	0.011 3	3.15	2.848 3	2.899 6

图10 旧司组富有机质页岩微观孔隙分形特征

Fig.10 Fractal characteristics of micro-pores of organic-rich shale in the Jiusi Formation

图11 旧司组富有机质页岩样品等温吸附曲线

Fig.11 Isotherm adsorption curve of organic-rich shale samples from the Jiusi Formation

参考文献 32

[1]	张金川, 薛会, 张德明, 等. 页岩气及其成藏机理[J]. 现代地质, 2003,17(4):466.
[2]	聂海宽, 唐玄, 边瑞康. 页岩气成藏控制因素及中国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J]. 石油学报, 2009,30(4):484-491.
[3]	JARVIE D M, HILL R J, RUBLE T E, et al. Unconventional shale-gas systems:the Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2007,91(4):475-499. DOI URL
[4]	LITTKE R, KROOSS BM, UFFMANN AK, et al. Unconventional gas resources in the Proterozoic and Paleozoic of Central Europe[J]. Oil Gas Science and Technology, 2011,66:953-977. DOI URL
[5]	GHANIZADEH A, GASPARIK M, AMANN-HIDENBRAND A, et al. Experimental study of fluid transport processes in the matrix system of the European organic-rich shales:I. Scandinavian Alum Shale[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2014,51:79-99. DOI URL
[6]	马永生, 蔡勋育, 赵培荣. 中国页岩气勘探开发理论认识与实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018,45(4):561-574.
[7]	张金川, 金之钧, 袁明生. 页岩气成藏机理和分布[J]. 天然气工业, 2004(7):15-18.
[8]	张大伟, 李玉喜, 张金川. 全国页岩气资源潜力调查评价[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2012.
[9]	聂海宽, 何治亮, 刘光祥, 等. 中国页岩气勘探开发现状与优选方向[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2020,49(1):13-35.
[10]	邹才能, 潘松圻, 荆振华, 等. 页岩油气革命及影响[J]. 石油学报, 2020,41(1):1-12.
[11]	王子轶, 高志前, 石文睿, 等. 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组笔石与页岩气关系探讨[J]. 现代地质, 2019,33(2):379-388.
[12]	郭旭升. 南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律——四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识[J]. 地质学报, 2014,88(7):1209-1218.
[13]	王香增, 任来义. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区油气勘探理论与实践进展[J]. 石油学报, 2016,37(增刊):79-86.
[14]	齐玉林, 张枝焕, 夏东领, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7暗色泥岩与黑色页岩生烃动力学特征对比分析[J]. 现代地质, 2019,33(4):863-871.
[15]	邓恩德, 易同生, 颜智华, 等. 海陆过渡相页岩气聚集条件及勘探潜力研究:以黔北地区金沙参1井龙潭组为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2020,49(6):1266-1281.
[16]	唐玄, 张金川, 丁文龙, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界海陆过渡相页岩储集性与含气性[J]. 地学前缘, 2016,23(2):147-157.
[17]	秦文, 唐显贵, 秦琴, 等. 黔西南区旧司组黑色页岩地球化学及储层特征分析[J]. 断块油气田, 2014,21(2):181-186.
[18]	唐显贵, 刘太琴, 肖鸿, 等. 威宁地区下石炭统旧司组页岩气勘查前景探讨[J]. 天然气技术与经济, 2016,10(5):23-27+82.
[19]	贵州省地质矿产局. 贵州省区域地质志[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1987: 156-182.
[20]	邵龙义, 高彩霞, 张超, 等. 西南地区晚二叠世层序:古地理及聚煤特征[J]. 沉积学报, 2013,31(5):856-866.
[21]	辛云路, 王劲铸, 金春爽. 南盘江盆地石炭系沉积体系及页岩气有利区带[J]. 现代地质, 2018,32(4):774-785.
[22]	聂海宽, 张金川. 页岩气储层类型和特征研究——以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2011,33(3):219-225+232.
[23]	郭彤楼. 涪陵页岩气田发现的启示与思考[J]. 地学前缘, 2016,23(1):29-43.
[24]	陈志鹏, 梁兴, 张介辉, 等. 昭通国家级示范区龙马溪组页岩气储层超压成因浅析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016,27(3):442-448.
[25]	侯读杰, 冯子辉. 油气地球化学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2011: 125-131
[26]	郭旭升. 涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块富集机理与勘探技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014: 72-106
[27]	国家能源局. 油气储层评价方法:SY/T 6285-2011[S]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2011: 2-4.
[28]	王朋飞, 姜振学, 金璨, 等. 渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩有机质孔隙发育特征:基于聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术[J]. 现代地质, 2019,33(4):902-910.
[29]	邓恩德, 颜智华, 姜秉仁, 等. 黔西地区上二叠统龙潭组海陆交互相页岩气储层特征[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020,42(3):467-476
[30]	聂海宽, 边瑞康, 张培先, 等. 川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2014,21(4):331-343.
[31]	黄宇琪, 张鹏, 张金川, 等湖北来凤LD-1井龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征分析[J]. 现代地质, 2020,34(4):828-836.
[32]	俞凌杰, 范明, 陈红宇, 等. 富有机质页岩高温高压重量法等温吸附实验[J]. 石油学报, 2015,36(5):557-563.