沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩气储层孔隙特征和孔隙结构

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.222

现代地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (06): 1551-1562.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.222

沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩气储层孔隙特征和孔隙结构

张金晴¹^,²(), 李贤庆¹^,²(), 张博翔¹^,², 张学庆¹^,², 杨经纬¹^,², 于振锋³

1.中国矿业大学(北京) 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京 100083
2.中国矿业大学(北京) 地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
3.山西燃气集团蓝焰煤层气工程研究有限责任公司,山西晋城 048006

收稿日期:2022-05-06 修回日期:2022-07-08 出版日期:2022-12-10 发布日期:2023-01-11
通讯作者: 李贤庆
作者简介:李贤庆,男,教授,博士生导师,1967年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,从事煤油气地质、有机地球化学和有机岩石学等方面的教学与科研工作。Email:lixq@cumtb.edu.cn。
张金晴,女,硕士研究生,1996年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,从事非常规天然气地质研究工作。Email:785466709@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U1810201);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021YJSMT09);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022YJSMT03)

Pore Characteristics and Pore Structure of the Upper Paleozoic Coal-bearing Shale Gas Reservoir in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

ZHANG Jinqing¹^,²(), LI Xianqing¹^,²(), ZHANG Boxiang¹^,², ZHANG Xueqing¹^,², YANG Jingwei¹^,², YU Zhenfeng³

1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083, China
2. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083, China
3. Lanyan Coalbed Methane Engineering Research Group Co. Ltd., Shanxi Gas Group, Jincheng, Shanxi 048006,China

Received:2022-05-06 Revised:2022-07-08 Online:2022-12-10 Published:2023-01-11
Contact: LI Xianqing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储层孔隙特征和孔隙结构是影响页岩气赋存与储集的重要因素。为评价海陆过渡相高演化煤系页岩储层性质与页岩气储集性能,应用扫描电子显微镜、高压压汞、低温N₂和 CO₂气体吸附、微米CT扫描、核磁共振实验方法,对沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩气储层孔隙微观特征和孔隙结构进行了研究。结果表明,沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩样品中发育多种类型微观孔隙,常见粒间孔、粒内孔和微裂缝,有机质孔几乎不发育;武乡区块煤系页岩气储层样品孔隙总孔容分布在0.021 9~0.073 5 mL/g之间,平均值为0.039 9 mL/g,总比表面积主要分布在11.94~46.83 m²/g之间,平均为29.16 m²/g,其中介孔(2~50 nm)和微孔(<2 nm)是煤系页岩气储集的主要载体。煤系页岩中的高配位数孔隙数量越多,相应的孔容和孔比表面积越大,孔隙连通性越好;在孔隙数量和总孔容相差不大的前提下,山西组煤系页岩储层孔隙结构与连通性比太原组煤系页岩稍好。

关键词: 页岩气储层, 煤系页岩, 孔隙特征, 孔隙结构, 上古生界, 武乡区块, 沁水盆地

Abstract:

Reservoir pore characteristics and pore structure are the important factors affecting the occurrence and accumulation of shale gas. In order to evaluate the properties of high evolution coal-bearing shale reservoir and shale gas reservoir performance from the marine-continental transitional facies, the pore microscopic characteristics and pore structure of the Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing shale gas reservoir in the Wuxiang block of Qinshui Basin were studied by means of scanning electron microscope, high pressure mercury injection, low temperature N₂ and CO₂ gas adsorption, micron CT scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The results show that various types of microscopic pores are developed in the Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing shale samples in the Wuxiang block of Qinshui Basin, including intergranular pores, intragranular pores and microfractures, and organic matter pores are almost not developed. The total pore volume of the samples of coal-bearing shale gas reservoir in the Wuxiang block is distributed 0.021,9~0.073,5 mL/g, with an average of 0.039,9 mL/g, and the total specific surface area is mainly distributed 11.94~46.83 m²/g, with an average of 29.16m²/g, of which mesopore (2-50 nm) and micropore (<2 nm) are the main carriers of the coal-bearing shale gas reservoir. The higher coordination number pores in coal-bearing shale, the larger the corresponding pore volume and specific surface area, and the better the pore connectivity. On the premise of little difference between the number of pores and the total pore volume, the pore structure and connectivity of the Shanxi Formation coal-bearing shale are slightly better than that of the Taiyuan Formation coal-bearing shale.

Key words: shale gas reservoir, coal-bearing shale, pore characteristics, pore structure, Upper Paleozoic, Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

中图分类号:

TE132.2

张金晴, 李贤庆, 张博翔, 张学庆, 杨经纬, 于振锋. 沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩气储层孔隙特征和孔隙结构[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(06): 1551-1562.

ZHANG Jinqing, LI Xianqing, ZHANG Boxiang, ZHANG Xueqing, YANG Jingwei, YU Zhenfeng. Pore Characteristics and Pore Structure of the Upper Paleozoic Coal-bearing Shale Gas Reservoir in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(06): 1551-1562.

图/表 16

图1 沁水盆地区域构造(a)、武乡区块取样井分布(b)与研究区地层柱状图(c)

Fig.1 Regional structure of Qinshui Basin(a), well location map of the Wuxiang Block(b), and stratigraphic histogram of the study area(c)

表1 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩样品的基本地球化学特征

Table 1 Basic geochemical characteristics of coal-bearing shale samples in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

样品号	层位	埋深/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	全岩矿物成分含量 /%
样品号	层位	埋深/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	石英	碳酸盐矿物	黏土矿物	其它矿物
W18-03	山西组	1 581.6	6.61	2.35	34.2	2.9	54.2	8.7
W18-06	山西组	1 600.3	0.29	2.41	63.0	2.0	32.5	2.5
W18-08	山西组	1 614.4	7.42	2.48	60.6	0.0	28.3	11.1
W18-11	山西组	1 652.7	1.74	2.33	51.8	2.2	40.7	5.3
W27-02	山西组	1 502.3	2.23	2.61	49.1	19.7	20.5	10.7
W27-07	山西组	1 623.5	2.75	2.55	55.6	1.8	33.2	9.4
W27-09	太原组	1 677.9	1.81	2.63	48.5	0.0	47.3	4.2
W28-02	山西组	1 738.2	2.01	2.39	56.0	0.9	35.3	7.8
W28-07	山西组	1 748.5	8.36	2.33	46.5	23.1	22.0	8.4
W28-13	太原组	1 884.4	1.57	2.59	59.8	2.4	34.1	3.7
W28-15	太原组	1 888.0	2.82	2.54	57.5	5.1	35.3	2.1
W28-19	太原组	1 900.6	6.30	2.63	59.7	0.0	36.4	3.9

图2 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩样品孔隙特征扫描电镜图像 (a)-(d)为氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜下图像;(e)-(h)为自然断面-扫描电镜下图像(a) W28-07,微裂缝,1 748.5 m;(b) W18-08,黄铁矿晶间孔,1 614.4 m;(c) W28-07,有机质孔,1 748.5 m;(d) W28-07,粒间孔和粒内孔,1 748.5 m;(e) W18-11,微裂缝,1 652.7 m;(f) W28-02,有机质孔,1 738.2 m;(g)W18-11,微裂缝,1 652.7 m;(h) W28-19,微裂缝,1 900.6 m

Fig.2 Image analysis of scanning electron microscopy from coal-bearing shale samples in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

表2 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩中不同类型孔隙发育程度

Table 2 Development degree of different types of coal-bearing shale in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

样品号	粒间孔		粒内孔		有机质孔		微裂缝
样品号	发育程度	大小/nm	发育程度	大小/nm	发育程度	大小/nm	发育程度	长度/μm	宽度/nm
W18-08	+++	80~430	++	70~530	-	-	+	13~42	70~310
W18-11	+++	90~530	++	80~610	-	-	+	7~28	40~290
W28-02	+++	110~440	+	110~730	+	30~370	+	11~59	60~510
W28-07	+++	50~330	++	50~520	+	50~160	+	7~31	110~370
W28-19	+++	110~630	++	80~210	-	-	+	2~14	30~430

图3 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩中不同孔隙所占比例

Fig.3 Proportions of different pores of coal-bearing shale in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

表3 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩样品孔隙结构特征

Table 3 Pore structure characteristics of coal-bearing shale in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

样品编号	平均孔径 /nm	总孔容/ (mL·g^-1)	总比表面积/ (m²·g^-1)	孔容/(mL·g^-1)				比表面积/(m² ·g^-1)
样品编号	平均孔径 /nm	总孔容/ (mL·g^-1)	总比表面积/ (m²·g^-1)	微孔	介孔	宏孔		微孔	介孔	宏孔
W18-03	33.46	0.043 7	46.83	0.013 8	0.024 3	0.005 6	29.49		16.67	0.67
W18-06	25.19	0.029 6	16.76	0.003 9	0.019 5	0.006 2	7.17		8.60	0.99
W18-08	24.22	0.073 5	33.91	0.009 8	0.017 1	0.046 6	21.68		11.46	0.77
W18-11	63.13	0.056 8	42.72	0.009 0	0.036 9	0.010 9	16.04		25.99	0.69
W28-02	29.35	0.029 9	17.60	0.003 9	0.021 1	0.004 9	7.62		9.32	0.66
W28-07	30.81	0.021 9	11.94	0.003 2	0.012 7	0.006 0	5.94		5.22	0.78
W28-13	36.52	0.031 7	25.79	0.005 3	0.021 6	0.004 8	12.05		13.21	0.53
W28-15	40.72	0.033 3	28.95	0.006 3	0.021 9	0.005 1	14.52		13.93	0.50
W28-19	40.23	0.038 8	37.92	0.009 6	0.023 8	0.005 4	21.63		15.76	0.53

图4 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩孔隙孔容和比表面积分布图

Fig.4 Distribution of pore volume and specific area of the coal-bearing shale in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

图5 不同孔径对宏孔孔容变化率分布表征(高压压汞法)

Fig.5 Characterization of macropore volume change rate distribution with different pore diameters (high pressure mercury intrusion method)

图6 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩样品N2吸附-脱附曲线

Fig.6 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of the coal-bearing shale samples in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

图7 不同孔径对孔容和比表面积的变化率分布表征(N2吸附法)

Fig.7 Characterization of the change rate distribution of pore volume and specific surface area with different pore diameters (N2 adsorption method)

图8 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩样品CO2吸附曲线

Fig.8 CO2 adsorption curve of the coal-bearing shale samples in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

图9 不同孔径对孔容和比表面积的变化率分布表征(CO2吸附法)

Fig.9 Characterization of the change rate distribution of pore volume and specific surface area with different pore diameters (CO2 adsorption method)

图10 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩全孔径分布及其与北美页岩比较

Fig.10 Full pore size distribution of the coal-bearing shale in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin and its comparison with North American shale

图11 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩孔喉半径分布特征及孔隙配位数

Fig.11 Distribution characteristics of pore roar radius and pore coordination number of coal-bearing shale in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

图12 沁水盆地武乡区块煤系页岩样品T2谱归一化累积曲线

Fig.12 Normalized accumulation curve of T2 spectrum of coal-bearing shale in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

图13 沁水盆地武乡区块山西组和太原组煤系页岩样品三维重构喉道分布图

Fig.13 Distribution map of 3D reconstruction of coal-bearing shale samples from Shanxi Formation and Taiyuan Formation in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

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沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩气储层孔隙特征和孔隙结构

Pore Characteristics and Pore Structure of the Upper Paleozoic Coal-bearing Shale Gas Reservoir in the Wuxiang Block, Qinshui Basin

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