北京市PM2.5中主要重金属元素污染特征及季节变化分析

现代地质 ›› 2012, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 975-982.

北京市PM_2.5中主要重金属元素污染特征及季节变化分析

于扬^1,2, 岑况², Stefan Norra^3,4, Nina Schleicher³, 陈媛³

1 国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室，中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，北京100037；2 中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院，北京100083；3 卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院矿物与地球化学研究所，卡尔斯鲁厄，巴登-符腾堡州 76131；4 卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院生态地理学研究所，卡尔斯鲁厄，巴登-符腾堡州76128

收稿日期:2012-04-20 修回日期:2012-07-04 出版日期:2012-10-19 发布日期:2012-10-23
作者简介:于扬，女，助理研究员，博士研究生，1982年出生，地球化学专业，从事环境地球化学研究。Email: yuyang_cugb@126.com。
基金资助:
中(国)德(国)合作项目(中方负责，德国科研基金会German Research Foundation (DFG)资助)“北京市大气气溶胶质量浓度、化学成分和环境监测”(STU169/32-1,2)。

Concentration Characteristics and Seasonal Trend of Main Heavy Metal Elements of PM2-5 in Beijing

XU Yang^-1,2, CEN Kuang^-2, Stefan Norra^-3,4, Nina Schleicher^-3, CHEN Yuan^-3

1 MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing100037, China;2 School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, China;3 Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Baden Württemberg76131 Germany;4 Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Baden Württemberg76128 Germany

Received:2012-04-20 Revised:2012-07-04 Online:2012-10-19 Published:2012-10-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2005年4月18日—2008年9月27日北京市中国地质大学(东门)采样点的PM2-5质量浓度变化与重金属Cd、Pb、As、Cu及Zn等污染特征，结合最新发布的《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012)，初步分析了近4年时间里北京市单点PM2-5的污染水平及主要重金属污染元素的变化特征，得出了一些有意义的认识。2005年春季—2008年春季期间PM2-5质量浓度为13.1～171 μg/m3之间变化，平均浓度为65.6 μg/m3，超过最新环境空气质量标准制定的PM2-5年平均浓度限值35 μg/m3，北京市PM2-5污染形势依然严峻。奥运会及残奥会期间PM25的24 h质量浓度平均值为40.7 μg/m3，没有超标。北京市PM2-5中的重金属元素含量及富集特征随着不同年份不同季节差别较大，典型的城市污染元素As在冬季质量浓度最高。对比环境空气质量标准的参考浓度限值发现，As元素的质量浓度在研究期间的年均值均超过了年平均浓度参考限值0.006 μg/m3。化学分析结果显示人为污染是PM2-5中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、As重金属污染的主要来源，其中As污染需要引起足够重视。研究结果对于北京市大气污染防治具有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词: 北京, PM2-5, 污染水平, 重金属, 季节变化

Abstract:

Based on the data of the systematic sampling and analysis of PM2-5 from April 18, 2005 to September 27, 2008 at the east gate of China University of Geosciences, and the newest ambient air quality standard (GB3095-2012), some valuable results were derived from primary analysis on mass concentration characteristics and seasonal variations of PM2-5 and main heavy metal elements Cd, Pb, As, Cu and Zn in it. The results showed that the mass concentration of PM2-5 ranged between 13.1 and 171 μg/m3 with the median of 65.6 μg/m3 for the whole sampling period from spring 2005 to spring 2008, that exceeded the limiting value 35 μg/m3 of the national standard II (GB3095-2012). This indicated that the pollution of PM2-5 was critical. The average 24 hour concentrations of PM2-5 during the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games was 40.7 μg/m3, not exceeding the national standard II. Mass concentration of heavy metal elements in PM2-5 differed between different seasons in different years. The enrichment characteristics for mass concentration of arsenic was the highest among the typical urban pollution elements in winter time. Chemical analysis indicated that diffuse pollution from many different anthropogenic emissions were the main sources of heavy metal pollution such as Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn and As in PM2-5, especially for As, which need to pay more attention on it. This study is only a small contribution to the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in Beijing.

Key words: Beijing, PM2-5, pollution level, heavy metal, seasonal trend

于扬, 岑况, Stefan Norra, Nina Schleicher, 陈媛. 北京市PM_2.5中主要重金属元素污染特征及季节变化分析[J]. 现代地质, 2012, 26(5): 975-982.

XU Yang, CEN Kuang, Stefan Norra, Nina Schleicher, CHEN Yuan. Concentration Characteristics and Seasonal Trend of Main Heavy Metal Elements of PM2-5 in Beijing[J]. Geoscience, 2012, 26(5): 975-982.

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