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现代地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (03): 778-789.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.015

• 实验、应用与环境地球化学 • 上一篇    下一篇

京津冀地区永清县土壤重金属地球化学特征及绿色食品产地的土壤质量评价

胡庆海1,2(), 王学求1,2(), 韩志轩3, 成晓梦1,2, 吴慧1,2, 田密1,2, 刘福田1,2, 孙彬彬1,2, 陈卫明1,2, 杜雪苗1,2, 刘彬4, 崔邢涛4   

  1. 1.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所自然资源部地球化学探测重点实验室,河北 廊坊 065000
    2.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心,河北 廊坊 065000
    3.桂林理工大学,广西 桂林 541004
    4.河北地质大学,河北 石家庄 050031
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-05 修回日期:2023-04-12 出版日期:2023-06-10 发布日期:2023-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 王学求,男,研究员,1963年出生,地球化学专业,从事应用地球化学和全球地球化学基准研究工作。Email:wxueqiu@mail.cgs.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:胡庆海,男,工程师,1989年出生,地球化学专业,从事环境地球化学和岩石地球化学研究工作。Email:huqinghai0616@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重大科技成果转化专项(19057411Z);国家自然科学基金项目(41903025);国家自然科学基金项目(41803048);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(AS2022P03)

Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils and Soil Quality Evaluation of Green Food Production in the Yongqing County of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

HU Qinghai1,2(), WANG Xueqiu1,2(), HAN Zhixuan3, CHENG Xiaomeng1,2, WU Hui1,2, TIAN Mi1,2, LIU Futian1,2, SUN Binbin1,2, CHEN Weiming1,2, DU Xuemiao1,2, LIU Bin4, CUI Xingtao4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang, Hebei 065000, China
    2. UNESCO International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang, Hebei 065000, China
    3. Guilin university of technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
    4. Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China
  • Received:2022-11-05 Revised:2023-04-12 Online:2023-06-10 Published:2023-07-20

摘要:

为保障京津冀地区食品安全,以河北省廊坊市永清县作为研究区,采集全县域412件表层土壤和410件深层土壤样品,测定As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种重金属元素含量,采用富集因子法和潜在生态风险法对重金属污染程度及生态风险进行评价。结果表明,永清地区表层(深层)土壤中8种重金属的平均含量分别为As 9.44 mg/kg(8.93 mg/kg)、Cd 0.16 mg/kg(0.10 mg/kg)、Cr 64.4 mg/kg(62.3 mg/kg)、Cu 24.6 mg/kg(20.7 mg/kg)、Hg 0.41 mg/kg(0.20 mg/kg)、Ni 27.7 mg/kg(27.7 mg/kg)、Pb 20.7 mg/kg(18.2 mg/kg)和Zn 72.8 mg/kg(57.5 mg/kg),重金属元素含量空间分布上整体呈现“西南高,东北低”的特征。富集因子(EF)评价结果显示8种重金属大体分为三类:(1)Hg(2.18),受到较强的人为活动影响;(2)Pb(1.14)、Cu(1.22)、Zn(1.29)和Cd(1.63),由自然地质背景和人为活动共同作用控制;(3)Ni(1.01)、Cr(1.05)和As(1.09),主要受控于自然地质背景。环境质量评价结果显示,研究区土壤以可安全利用为主,风险区面积仅为1.1 km2,占调查总面积的0.14%。永清地区符合《绿色食品产地环境质量》评价标准的土壤总面积为756.62 km2,占调查总面积的99.43%,水浇地、旱地、果园符合该标准的面积占各自土地类别总面积的98.94%、99.29%和99.59%。生态风险方面,研究区旱地、水浇地、果园农业用地土壤综合潜在生态风险指数以低等风险为主,分别占比95.63%、77.37%和98.35%,仅旱地(0.13 km2)和水浇地(0.03 km2)存在少许高等生态风险区域,值得进一步关注并开展生态效应评价。综合以上结果,虽然永清地区部分区域重金属元素受到人为活动影响,但大部分地区生态风险较低,本文推荐既满足《绿色食品产地环境质量》评价标准,又属于综合潜在生态风险低等区域,作为最适宜大规模发展的绿色食品种植区域的总面积为669.12 km2,占调查总面积的87.93%。研究成果为永清县域绿色农产品的生产种植和规划管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 土壤, 重金属, 生态风险, 绿色食品, 京津冀地区

Abstract:

To ensure food safety in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yongqing County (Langfang City, Hebei Province) was selected as the research area. A total of 412 surface and 410 deep soil samples were collected to determine the concentration of eight heavy metals, i.e., As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. Meanwhile, the enrichment factor and potential ecological risk were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk. The results showed that the average concentrations of eight heavy metals in surface (deep) soil in Yongqing region are As 9.44 mg/kg (8.93 mg/kg), Cd 0.16 mg/kg (0.10 mg/kg), Cr 64.4 mg/kg (62.3 mg/kg), Cu 24.6 mg/kg (20.7 mg/kg), Hg 0.41 mg/kg (0.20 mg/kg), Ni 27.7 mg/kg (27.7 mg/kg), Pb 20.7 mg/kg (18.2 mg/kg) and Zn 72.8 mg/kg (57.5 mg/kg), respectively. The spatial distribution of heavy metal concentration shows a pattern of high in the southwest and low in the northeast. Based on the enrichment factor (EF), the eight heavy metals could be divided into three categories: (1) Hg (2.18) is strongly influenced by human activities; (2) Pb (1.14), Cu (1.22), Zn (1.29) and Cd (1.63) are controlled by natural geological background and human activities; (3) Ni (1.01), Cr (1.05) and As (1.09) are mainly controlled by natural geological background. Results of the environmental quality assessment showed that the local soil is largely safe to use, and the risk area is only 1.1 km2, accounting for 0.14% of the total area. The area that meets the evaluation standards for green food production is about 756.62 km2, accounting for 99.43% of the total area. Among them, the area of irrigated land, dry land, orchards in accordance with the standard accounted for 98.94%, 99.29% and 99.59% of the total area of their respective land categories. In terms of ecological risk, the soil comprehensive ecological risk index of the local dryland, irrigated land and orchard agricultural land is largely low, accounting for 95.63%, 77.37% and 98.35%, respectively. Only dry land (0.13 km2) and irrigated land (0.03 km2) have a few higher ecological risk areas, which deserve further ecological evaluation. In conclusion, although heavy metal contents in some areas at Yongqing are affected by human activities, most areas have low ecological risk. In this study, the area that meets the evaluation standards for green food production and low comprehensive potential ecological risk is determined as the most suitable for large-scale green food production. This area is 669.12 km2, accounting for 87.93% of the total area. Our results provide a scientific basis for local production, planting and planning management of green agricultural products.

Key words: soil, heavy metal, ecological risk, green food, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

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