广西贵港岩溶地质高背景区富含铁锰结核土壤的矿物学与重金属地球化学特征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.048

现代地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05): 1450-1458.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.048

广西贵港岩溶地质高背景区富含铁锰结核土壤的矿物学与重金属地球化学特征

杨琼¹(), 杨忠芳¹(), 季峻峰², 刘旭¹, 季文兵³, 王珏¹, 吴天生⁴, 王磊⁵

1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.南京大学地球科学与工程学院表生地球化学教育部重点实验室,江苏南京 210023
3.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所土壤污染防治重点实验室, 江苏南京 210042
4.广西壮族自治区地质调查院, 广西南宁 530023
5.广西壮族自治区第四地质队, 广西南宁 530031

收稿日期:2020-11-10 修回日期:2021-04-06 出版日期:2021-10-10 发布日期:2021-11-04
通讯作者: 杨忠芳
作者简介:杨忠芳,女,教授,博士生导师,1961年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事生态地球化学与教学工作。Email: zfyang01@126.com。
杨琼,女,博士研究生,1990年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: yangqiong9011@163.com。
基金资助:
中国地质大学(北京)地调成果转化基金;国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800300);广西壮族自治区国土资源厅项目“广西中东部地区土壤硒元素和重金属元素地球化学研究”(桂国土资函[2015] 44号);“广西土壤Se、Ge、Cd等元素异常成因与生态效应研究”(桂国土资函[2017]2676号);广西壮族自治区环境保护厅项目“广西典型土壤重金属生态地球化学研究”(桂环函[2018]275号);生态环境部项目“全国土壤污染状况详查示范”委托业务“广西土壤重金属地质高背景区污染识别与生态风险评价”(IGGEW2018005)

Characteristics of Mineralogy and Heavy Metal Geochemistry in Ferromanganese Nodule Rich Soils with High Geochemical Background from Guigang, Guangxi

YANG Qiong¹(), YANG Zhongfang¹(), JI Junfeng², LIU Xu¹, JI Wenbing³, WANG Jue¹, WU Tiansheng⁴, WANG Lei⁵

1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023, China
3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing,Jiangsu 210042, China
4. Guangxi Institute of Geological Survey, Nanning,Guangxi 530023, China
5. Geology Team No.4 of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomic Region, Nanning,Guangxi 530031, China

Received:2020-11-10 Revised:2021-04-06 Online:2021-10-10 Published:2021-11-04
Contact: YANG Zhongfang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岩溶地质高背景区土壤中普遍存在的铁锰结核对重金属的赋存状态和有效性有重要影响。选择广西贵港覃塘岩溶地质高背景区富含铁锰结核的表层土壤(0~20 cm)为研究对象,筛分出不同粒径的铁锰结核(10~120目)和细粒径土壤(<120目)样品进行化学分析,针对以下三个方面开展研究:(1)重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)在铁锰结核和细粒径土壤中的分布分配规律和铁氧化物矿物的组成;(2)铁氧化物矿物对富含铁锰结核的土壤中Cd等重金属富集的影响;(3)重金属在富含铁锰结核的土壤中的赋存机制。研究发现,铁锰结核中的Fe和Mn以及Cd等重金属含量随着粒径的增大而不断增加,说明Cd等重金属元素更倾向于在大粒径铁锰结核中富集;土壤中Cd等重金属总量的约90%赋存在结核中,表明研究区土壤中重金属主要以结核形式赋存;富含铁锰结核的土壤中赤铁矿和针铁矿的平均含量分别为0.61%和4.94%,且结核粒径越大,针铁矿和赤铁矿含量越高;除Hg外,Cd等重金属含量与针铁矿和赤铁矿的含量均呈现极显著正相关,与赤铁矿的相关性稍优于针铁矿,表明铁氧化物矿物与富含铁锰结核土壤中的Cd等重金属元素富集密切相关。铁锰结核的存在既能促进Cd等重金属在土壤中的富集,又能降低土壤中重金属的生物有效性,研究结果为解释岩溶地质高背景区土壤Cd等重金属元素高含量、低生物有效性提供了理论依据。

关键词: 岩溶区土壤, 地质高背景, 铁锰结核, 重金属, 漫反射光谱

Abstract:

Ferromanganese nodules commonly exist in high quantity in karstic soils with high geochemical background and thus play a crucial role in the occurrence and bioavailability of heavy metals. In this study, karstic topsoil (0-20 cm) samples rich in ferromanganese nodules from Qintang District, Guigang city, Guangxi were particularly collected, and ferromanganese nodules of different particle sizes (10-120 mesh) and fine-grained soils (<120 mesh) were screened prior to further chemical analysis. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the distribution of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), and composition of iron oxide minerals in the nodules and fine-grained soils, (2) the effect of iron oxide minerals on the accumulation of heavy metals in the nodules and fine-grained soils, and (3) the mechanism of heavy metals occurrence in soils rich in ferromanganese nodules. The results showed that the concentrations of Fe, Mn and heavy metals (e.g., Cd) in ferromanganese nodules increased with the increment of particle sizes, which indicates that heavy metal elements tend to be enriched in the nodules with large size. Quantitatively, about 90% of heavy metals in the topsoil samples occurred in the ferromanganese nodules. It indicates that heavy metals mainly occurred in the form of nodules in the studied soils. The mean contents of hematite and goethite in the topsoil samples containing ferromanganese nodules were 4.94% and 0.61%, respectively. The larger the particle size of nodules, the higher the contents of hematite and goethite. Except for Hg, the concentrations of heavy metals were all significantly and positively correlated with the contents of goethite and hematite, and the correlation with hematite was slightly better than that with goethite. These results indicate that iron oxide minerals are closely related to the enrichment of heavy metals in soils rich in ferromanganese nodules. The presence of ferromanganese nodules can not only promote the enrichment of heavy metals, but also reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils. These results provide a theoretical basis for explaining the high concentrations and low bioavailability of heavy metals in karstic soil with high geochemical background.

Key words: karstic soil, high geochemical background, ferromanganese nodule, heavy metal, diffuse reflection spectrum

中图分类号:

P595
X142

杨琼, 杨忠芳, 季峻峰, 刘旭, 季文兵, 王珏, 吴天生, 王磊. 广西贵港岩溶地质高背景区富含铁锰结核土壤的矿物学与重金属地球化学特征[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(05): 1450-1458.

YANG Qiong, YANG Zhongfang, JI Junfeng, LIU Xu, JI Wenbing, WANG Jue, WU Tiansheng, WANG Lei. Characteristics of Mineralogy and Heavy Metal Geochemistry in Ferromanganese Nodule Rich Soils with High Geochemical Background from Guigang, Guangxi[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(05): 1450-1458.

图/表 7

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序号	粒径/目	pH	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	Mn	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	6.52	30.73	22.87	1 807	85.7	6.152	1 520	67	0.501	179	124.5	791
2	20~40	6.40	34.24	14.78	1 487	40.8	3.870	757	58	0.486	156	95.3	622
3	40~60	6.39	34.88	11.83	1 341	35.1	3.458	544	56	0.493	152	87.9	588
4	60~80	6.48	35.41	10.75	1 338	30.3	3.402	449	59	0.512	153	85.4	575
5	80~100	6.50	34.72	10.13	1 227	27.8	3.080	398	55	0.467	143	79.2	547
6	100~120	6.52	35.37	9.87	1 252	27.8	3.302	366	58	0.483	148	82.0	557
7	<120	6.45	35.06	9.69	1 222	28.7	3.067	355	59	0.536	143	81.2	538
平均值		6.48^*	34.34	12.85	1 382	39.5	3.762	627	59	0.497	153	90.8	603

序号	粒径/目	pH	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	Mn	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	6.52	30.73	22.87	1 807	85.7	6.152	1 520	67	0.501	179	124.5	791
2	20~40	6.40	34.24	14.78	1 487	40.8	3.870	757	58	0.486	156	95.3	622
3	40~60	6.39	34.88	11.83	1 341	35.1	3.458	544	56	0.493	152	87.9	588
4	60~80	6.48	35.41	10.75	1 338	30.3	3.402	449	59	0.512	153	85.4	575
5	80~100	6.50	34.72	10.13	1 227	27.8	3.080	398	55	0.467	143	79.2	547
6	100~120	6.52	35.37	9.87	1 252	27.8	3.302	366	58	0.483	148	82.0	557
7	<120	6.45	35.06	9.69	1 222	28.7	3.067	355	59	0.536	143	81.2	538
平均值		6.48^*	34.34	12.85	1 382	39.5	3.762	627	59	0.497	153	90.8	603

序号	粒径/目	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	56.8	48.2	59.4	38.2	34.7	38.5	42.8	41.7
2	20~40	16.6	18.6	18.1	20.1	20.6	20.5	20.0	20.1
3	40~60	11.5	13.4	10.5	15.6	16.8	16.1	14.9	15.3
4	60~80	4.7	6.3	4.1	7.9	8.4	7.8	6.9	7.1
5	80~100	2.3	3.1	2.0	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.5	3.7
6	100~120	1.6	2.3	1.3	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.6
7	<120	6.4	8.1	4.7	11.3	12.5	10.4	9.4	9.6

序号	粒径/目	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	56.8	48.2	59.4	38.2	34.7	38.5	42.8	41.7
2	20~40	16.6	18.6	18.1	20.1	20.6	20.5	20.0	20.1
3	40~60	11.5	13.4	10.5	15.6	16.8	16.1	14.9	15.3
4	60~80	4.7	6.3	4.1	7.9	8.4	7.8	6.9	7.1
5	80~100	2.3	3.1	2.0	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.5	3.7
6	100~120	1.6	2.3	1.3	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.6
7	<120	6.4	8.1	4.7	11.3	12.5	10.4	9.4	9.6

序号	粒径/目	赤铁矿Hm	针铁矿Gt	Hm/TFe₂O₃	Gt/TFe₂O₃	(Hm+Gt)/TFe₂O₃
1	10~20	1.48	11.70	6.47	51.16	57.63
2	20~40	0.70	4.98	4.75	33.69	38.43
3	40~60	0.47	3.77	3.96	31.84	35.79
4	60~80	0.42	3.53	3.90	32.81	36.71
5	80~100	0.44	3.88	4.38	38.31	42.69
6	100~120	0.42	3.72	4.24	37.72	41.96
7	<120	0.35	2.99	3.66	30.88	34.53
平均含量		0.61	4.94	4.48	36.63	41.11

广西贵港岩溶地质高背景区富含铁锰结核土壤的矿物学与重金属地球化学特征

Characteristics of Mineralogy and Heavy Metal Geochemistry in Ferromanganese Nodule Rich Soils with High Geochemical Background from Guigang, Guangxi

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