某矿区土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.005

现代地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (02): 543-551.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.005

某矿区土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析

乔雯¹^,²(), 王议¹^,²(), 张德强¹^,², 殷秀兰¹, 白光宇¹^,², 何培雍¹^,²

1. 中国地质环境监测院,北京 100081
2. 自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室,北京 100081

收稿日期:2021-09-30 修回日期:2022-03-10 出版日期:2022-04-10 发布日期:2022-06-01
通讯作者: 王议
作者简介:王议,女,硕士,高级工程师,1984年出生,生态地质学专业,从事矿山环境调查与监测方面研究。Email: wangyi@mail.cgs.gov.cn。
乔雯,女,博士,工程师,1994年出生,水文地质学专业,从事水文地球化学方面研究。Email: qiaowen@mail.cgs.gov.cn。
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目“国家级地质环境监测与预报”(121201014000150003)

Identification of Heavy Metal Distribution and Sources in Soil from a Mining Area

QIAO Wen¹^,²(), WANG Yi¹^,²(), ZHANG Deqiang¹^,², YIN Xiulan¹, BAI Guangyu¹^,², HE Peiyong¹^,²

1. China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China
2. Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2021-09-30 Revised:2022-03-10 Online:2022-04-10 Published:2022-06-01
Contact: WANG Yi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究赣南某矿区土壤重金属污染状况及来源,以该矿区内40个土壤样品为研究对象,分析了土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg等8种重金属元素的含量,并采用频率直方图、相关性分析、主成分分析等多种统计方法探究了土壤重金属含量的分布特征及来源。研究结果表明:(1)研究区8种重金属中有7种不同程度地超过了江西省土壤重金属元素背景值;(2)Pb、Zn、As和Hg的含量接近正态分布,而Cu、Cr、Ni和Cd的含量则呈现出右偏分布的趋势,这可能与研究区矿山开采活动及土地利用类型等因素有关;(3)矿区土壤重金属相关性分析表明,Cu、Cr、Ni的同源性较高,可能具有相同的污染源,而Pb、Zn、Cd等元素与Cu、Cr、Ni相比,其来源可能存在一定的差异;(4)主成分分析结果显示,矿区内土壤中8种重金属元素含量可以由2个主成分来解释,所代表的实际意义按贡献率排序分别是成土母质和人为采矿活动;(5)矿区内土壤重金属污染物主要为Pb、Zn、Cd,人为采矿活动是这三种重金属污染的主要来源。

关键词: 矿区, 土壤, 重金属污染, 主成分分析, 来源解析

Abstract:

To explore the conditions of heavy metal pollution (incl. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg) and their sources in soils from a mining area in southern Jiangxi, a total of 40 soil samples were collected. Distribution characteristics and pollution sources of heavy metals were analyzed by a series of statistical methods, including frequency histogram, correlation, and principal component analyses. Our results suggest that: (1) Seven (out of eight) heavy metals measured in the soil samples exceed the Jiangxi background contents in varying degrees; (2) Contents of Pb, Zn, As and Hg in the soil exhibit normal distributions, while Cu, Cr, Ni and Cd contents show right inclining distributions. This may due to the varying extent of mining activities and different types of local land use; (3) Positive correlations among the soil Cu, Cr, and Ni contents suggest that they may have similar pollution sources, while the sources of Pb, Zn, and Cd may be different from those of Cu, Cr and Ni; (4) Principal component analysis suggests that contents of the eight heavy metals measured in soils may be the combined effect of two principal components, i.e., soil parent materials and mining activities; (5) Pb, Zn and Cd are the primary pollutions of the soil samples, and were mainly sourced from local mining activities.

Key words: mining area, soil, heavy metal pollution, principal component analysis, source identification

中图分类号:

P595
X53

乔雯, 王议, 张德强, 殷秀兰, 白光宇, 何培雍. 某矿区土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(02): 543-551.

QIAO Wen, WANG Yi, ZHANG Deqiang, YIN Xiulan, BAI Guangyu, HE Peiyong. Identification of Heavy Metal Distribution and Sources in Soil from a Mining Area[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(02): 543-551.

图/表 8

图1 研究区土壤采样点分布示意图

Fig.1 Location of soil sampling sites in the study area

图2 某矿区土壤重金属含量Q-Q图

Fig.2 Q-Q plots of soil heavy metal contents in a mining area

表1 研究区土壤重金属含量分布参数及背景值(mg/kg)

Table 1 Distribution parameters and background values of soil heavy metals in the study area (mg/kg)

参数	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
最大值	34.5	296	137	209	27.0	0.65	7.17	0.12
最小值	1.24	41.7	31.9	8.39	1.04	0.02	1.11	0.009 2
中值	8.11	102	60.2	20.3	7.69	0.09	2.64	0.04
均值	12.0	106	67.6	28.4	8.44	0.13	3.14	0.05
标准差	10.5	50.1	25.8	33.5	6.68	0.13	1.56	0.03
江西省背景值	20.8	32.1	69.0	48.0	19.0	0.10	10.4	0.09
国家风险筛选值	150	70.0	200	150	60.0	0.30	40.0	1.30
超标率/%	25	100	40	12.5	7.50	40	0	15

图3 某矿区土壤重金属含量频率直方图

Fig.3 Frequency histograms of soil heavy metal contents in a mining area

图4 某矿区土壤重金属含量分布箱型图 (蓝色点表示江西省土壤重金属含量背景值[48])

Fig.4 Box-plot of soil heavy metal content distribution in a mining area

表2 研究区土壤重金属相关性分析结果

Table 2 Results of correlation analysis of soil heavymetals in the study area

	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
Cu	1.00
Pb	-0.40^*	1.00
Zn	0.30	0.39^*	1.00
Cr	0.88^**	-0.58^**	0.04	1.00
Ni	0.91^**	-0.52^**	0.19	0.97^**	1.00
Cd	0.68^**	0	0.51^**	0.54^**	0.59^**	1.00
As	0.22	-0.35^*	-0.05	0.36^*	0.43^**	0.11	1.00
Hg	0.43^*	-0.41^**	0.10	0.45^**	0.55^**	0.30^*	0.61^**	1.00

图5 某矿区土壤重金属主成分分析图

Fig.5 Principle analysis plot of soil heavy metals in a mining area

表3 某矿区土壤重金属主成分分析结果

Table 3 Results of principle analysis of soil heavy metals in a mining area

因子	主成分1	主成分2
Cu	0.934	0.181
Pb	-0.513	0.436
Zn	0.363	0.810
Cr	0.551	-0.094
Ni	0.971	-0.065
Cd	0.474	0.786
As	0.467	-0.580
Hg	0.540	-0.419
特征值	3.246	2.023
贡献率/%	40.58	25.28
累积贡献率/%	40.58	65.86

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某矿区土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析

Identification of Heavy Metal Distribution and Sources in Soil from a Mining Area

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