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现代地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05): 1433-1440.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.25

• 地球化学 • 上一篇    下一篇

桂林灵川县典型有机水稻田重金属元素分布特征及污染评价

朱超1(), 文美兰1(), 刘攀峰1,2, 陈斌艳3, 鲍厚银1, 赵银强1, 陈昊1, 杨奕波1   

  1. 1.桂林理工大学 地球科学学院,广西 桂林 541006
    2.桂林理工大学 环境科学与工程学院,广西 桂林 541006
    3.桂林市植物保护站,广西 桂林 541001
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-12 修回日期:2020-07-05 出版日期:2021-10-10 发布日期:2021-11-04
  • 通讯作者: 文美兰
  • 作者简介:文美兰,女,研究员, 1974年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事应用地球化学研究。Email: meilanwen112@126.com
    朱 超,男,硕士研究生,1994年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学调查与研究。Email: 582765116@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    桂林理工大学科研启动基金项目(GUTQDJJ2019166);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600603)

Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Typical Organic Rice in Lingchuan County, Guilin City

ZHU Chao1(), WEN Meilan1(), LIU Panfeng1,2, CHEN Binyan3, BAO Houyin1, ZHAO Yinqiang1, CHEN Hao1, YANG Yibo1   

  1. 1. College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541006,China
    2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541006,China
    3. Guilin Plant Protection Station,Guilin,Guangxi 541001,China
  • Received:2020-05-12 Revised:2020-07-05 Online:2021-10-10 Published:2021-11-04
  • Contact: WEN Meilan

摘要:

为了解桂林市灵川县有机水稻种植区土壤和水稻中重金属含量、分布特征及健康风险,选择典型田块采集了水稻根、茎、叶、稻穗及对应根系土样品10套,分别测定了土壤和植物样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn共8种重金属元素含量以及土壤pH值,计算了各元素富集系数及转运系数,总结了水稻不同部位重金属元素富集迁移规律,并根据相关标准评价了土壤重金属污染及食品健康风险。结果表明:(1)研究区产出的稻米无食用安全风险,土壤重金属含量均低于风险管制值,但10份样品中有3份的Cd含量高于风险筛选值,且全部调查田块的环境质量均不符合绿色食品产地质量要求;(2)对比水稻不同部位的元素富集系数,发现大部分元素富集系数在根部最大,籽实最小。根、茎、叶、糙米的富集系数平均值分别为1.13、0.26、0.20、0.10;(3)对比不同元素的富集系数与转运系数发现,As易于从土壤聚集到根部,Pb的活动性较弱而不易被水稻吸收,Cu、Zn相对较易在水稻中转运。综上所述,并考虑到灵川县过去长期施用石灰带来的不利影响,建议当地相关部门对Cd超标风险引起注意,在控制石灰用量的同时加强土地质量监控,必要时采取增施有机肥料、种植低累积品种的水稻等措施,以降低水稻Cd超标的风险。

关键词: 重金属, 土壤-水稻系统, 迁移规律, 污染评价, 灵川

Abstract:

In order to understand the content, distribution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in the soil and rice in the typical rice area of Lingchuan County, Guilin City, we selected typical rice fields and collected 10 sets of samples of rice roots, stems, leaves, rice and corresponding root soils. The contents of 8 heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil were determined respectively. The bio-concentration factors (BCF) and transfer factor (TF) of each element were calculated. The enrichment and migration law of heavy metals in different parts of rice were summarized. According to the Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (GB 15618—2018), the Green Food Environmental Quality for Production Areas (NY/T 391—2013) and Food Hygiene Standards (GB 2762—2017),heavy metal pollution in soils and food health risks were determined. The results show that: (1) The brown rice produced in the research area has no food safety risk, and the heavy metal content in the soil does not exceed the risk control value, but 3 of the 10 sample fields have a Cd content higher than the agricultural land soil pollution risk screening value, and all the sample fields are unable to meet the quality requirements of the green food origin. (2) Comparing the bio-concentration factors of different parts of rice, it is found that the bio-concentration factors of most elements are the largest at the roots and the smallest at the brown rice. The average of bio-concentration factors are 1.13 for roots, 0.26 for stems, 0.20 for leaves and 0.10 for brown rice. (3) Comparing the bio-concentration factors and transfer factor between different elements, it was found that As is relatively easy to accumulate from the soil to the roots, Pb is weak in activity and not easily absorbed by rice, Cu and Zn are relatively easy to transport in rice. In summary, we recommend that local authorities pay attention to the risk of excessive Cd, strengthen land quality monitoring, and take measures such as increasing the application of organic fertilizers and planting rice with low accumulation varieties when necessary to reduce the risk of heavy metals exceeding the standard.

Key words: heavy metal, soil-rice system, migration pattern, pollution assessment, Lingchuan County

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