吉林“磐龙墨玉”的宝石矿物学、年代学及成因研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在系统探讨吉林“磐龙墨玉”的宝石矿物学特征、成因及其地质背景,以揭示该玉石的形成机制,填补该领域的研究空白。综合运用常规宝石学测试、多种光谱分析技术(包括X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱)、全岩化学分析以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)等多种方法,对吉林省中东部中型铅锌矿矿体围岩中发现的“磐龙墨玉”进行了研究。结果表明,“磐龙墨玉”的折射率介于1.53和1.54之间,相对密度为2.73至2.79,摩氏硬度则在3.89至6.23之间。其主要矿物成分为石英和绢云母,并包含绿泥石、磁黄铁矿和钛铁矿等次要矿物,结构特征包括独特的板状与块状构造以及超糜棱、隐晶质及变余结构。致色矿物以石墨和绿泥石为主。稀土元素的总量变化范围为177.93×10^-6至216.89×10^-6,轻稀土元素明显富集,而Eu元素则呈现显著的亏损。锆石U-Pb年龄测定显示为(331.3±2.3) Ma(中石炭世)。结合区域构造背景及地质资料分析,推测“磐龙墨玉”的原岩为正常沉积岩,经历了区域变质作用形成碳质板岩,并进一步通过热液蚀变转化而成。

关键词: “磐龙墨玉”, 宝石矿物学, 地球化学, 锆石U-Pb定年, 绿泥云英质玉石

Abstract:

This study systematically explores the gemological properties, genesis, and geological context of “Panglong Dark Jade”, aiming to elucidate its formation mechanisms and address existing research deficiencies in this area. Utilizing a multifaceted approach, we employed conventional gemological testing alongside various spectroscopic methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy as well as whole-rock chemical analysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for zircon U-Pb dating. Our focus was on “Panglong Dark Jade” discovered in the surrounding rocks of a medium-sized lead-zinc ore deposit in the east-central region of Jilin Province. The findings reveal that “Panglong Dark Jade” has a refractive index ranging from 1.53 to 1.54, a relative density of 2.73 to 2.79, and a Mohs hardness between 3.89 and 6.23. The primary mineral constituents are quartz and sericite, potentially accompanied by accessory minerals such as chlorite, pyrrhotite, and ilmenite. Its structural characteristics are marked by distinct slaty and massive forms, in addition to supermylonitic, aphanitic, and palimpsest textures. The main chromogenic minerals are predominantly graphite and chlorite. The total concentration of rare earth elements fluctuates between 177.93×10^-6 and 216.89×10^-6 revealing a significant enrichment of light rare earth elements alongside a pronounced deficit of Europium (Eu). Zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of (331.3±2.3) Ma, corresponding to the Middle Carboniferous Epoch. Integrating regional structural analyses with geological data suggests that the parent rock of “Panglong Dark Jade” is a normal sedimentary rock that underwent regional metamorphism to form carbonaceous slate, subsequently modified by hydrothermal activity to produce “Panglong Dark Jade”.

Key words: “Panlong Dark Jade”, gemological mineralogy, geochemistry, zircon U-Pb dating, chlorite-mica-quartz jade

中图分类号:

P574
P611

安雯静, 白峰, 刘孟松, 张道元, 黄甜甜, 王雯. 吉林“磐龙墨玉”的宝石矿物学、年代学及成因研究[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(01): 183-193.

AN Wenjing, BAI Feng, LIU Mengsong, ZHANG Daoyuan, HUANG Tiantian, WANG Wen. Gem and Mineralogy, Chronology and Genesis of “Panlong Dark Jade” from Jilin Province[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(01): 183-193.

图/表 15

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样品	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	FeO	LOI	Total
1-1	66.38	0.79	17.59	0.41	0.17	0.48	0.19	0.39	4.40	0.08	3.16	4.30	98.33
1-2	63.58	0.74	17.40	0.49	0.11	1.34	0.52	0.31	4.54	0.11	3.81	5.30	98.25
1-3	59.26	0.79	16.28	1.00	0.15	1.55	0.38	0.32	3.99	0.09	8.44	6.46	98.70
1-4	67.24	0.72	18.03	0.46	0.08	0.46	0.18	0.16	5.50	0.05	1.69	3.64	98.20
2-1	55.08	1.11	20.86	0.99	0.24	1.63	0.29	0.39	4.60	0.12	7.33	6.02	98.66
2-2	67.39	0.82	17.14	0.37	0.15	0.67	0.17	0.34	4.30	0.07	2.59	4.19	98.18
2-3	61.24	0.81	16.63	0.85	0.17	1.73	0.93	0.44	3.67	0.09	6.68	5.70	98.91
2-4	61.22	0.81	17.05	1.13	0.19	1.78	1.08	0.48	3.51	0.10	6.97	5.26	99.58
3-1	59.28	1.04	20.43	1.34	0.23	1.19	0.35	0.37	4.98	0.08	3.81	5.36	98.45
3-2	59.87	0.86	16.61	1.98	0.33	2.16	0.72	0.51	3.49	0.11	7.11	5.24	98.98
3-3	56.25	0.53	15.03	3.68	0.37	2.67	0.41	0.24	2.05	0.04	14.23	4.04	99.52

样品	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	FeO	LOI	Total
1-1	66.38	0.79	17.59	0.41	0.17	0.48	0.19	0.39	4.40	0.08	3.16	4.30	98.33
1-2	63.58	0.74	17.40	0.49	0.11	1.34	0.52	0.31	4.54	0.11	3.81	5.30	98.25
1-3	59.26	0.79	16.28	1.00	0.15	1.55	0.38	0.32	3.99	0.09	8.44	6.46	98.70
1-4	67.24	0.72	18.03	0.46	0.08	0.46	0.18	0.16	5.50	0.05	1.69	3.64	98.20
2-1	55.08	1.11	20.86	0.99	0.24	1.63	0.29	0.39	4.60	0.12	7.33	6.02	98.66
2-2	67.39	0.82	17.14	0.37	0.15	0.67	0.17	0.34	4.30	0.07	2.59	4.19	98.18
2-3	61.24	0.81	16.63	0.85	0.17	1.73	0.93	0.44	3.67	0.09	6.68	5.70	98.91
2-4	61.22	0.81	17.05	1.13	0.19	1.78	1.08	0.48	3.51	0.10	6.97	5.26	99.58
3-1	59.28	1.04	20.43	1.34	0.23	1.19	0.35	0.37	4.98	0.08	3.81	5.36	98.45
3-2	59.87	0.86	16.61	1.98	0.33	2.16	0.72	0.51	3.49	0.11	7.11	5.24	98.98
3-3	56.25	0.53	15.03	3.68	0.37	2.67	0.41	0.24	2.05	0.04	14.23	4.04	99.52

样品号	1-1	1-3	2-2	2-3	2-4	3-1	3-2	3-3
La	37.26	40.88	35.44	41.16	43.63	45.38	35.11	36.17
Ce	88.28	94.80	73.90	86.67	84.76	94.90	74.32	76.67
Pr	9.40	9.79	8.55	10.06	9.89	10.63	8.55	8.74
Nd	35.52	35.66	33.30	38.70	35.84	38.90	32.20	33.16
Sm	6.92	6.21	6.46	7.13	6.64	7.09	6.39	6.30
Eu	1.26	1.08	1.55	1.32	1.94	1.06	1.39	1.44
Gd	6.14	5.03	6.06	5.98	4.96	5.17	5.23	5.39
Tb	0.91	0.73	0.97	1.02	0.80	0.83	0.95	0.92
Dy	5.80	4.80	5.32	5.87	4.60	4.71	5.31	5.26
Ho	1.20	1.02	1.08	1.18	1.02	1.03	1.09	1.07
Er	3.55	3.12	3.33	3.68	3.35	3.12	3.35	3.29
Tm	0.53	0.46	0.48	0.53	0.51	0.46	0.50	0.47
Yb	3.54	5.37	3.00	3.44	3.44	3.16	3.07	2.95
Lu	0.52	0.48	0.50	0.51	0.52	0.46	0.47	0.46
(La/Yb)_N	7.13	5.16	8.01	8.11	8.58	9.74	7.75	8.30
ΣREE	200.83	210.00	179.92	207.26	201.91	216.89	177.93	182.29
LREE	178.64	188.42	159.20	185.04	182.70	197.96	157.96	162.48
HREE	22.19	21.58	20.72	22.22	19.21	18.93	19.97	19.81
LREE/HREE	8.05	8.73	7.68	8.33	9.51	10.46	7.91	8.20

样品号	1-1	1-3	2-2	2-3	2-4	3-1	3-2	3-3
La	37.26	40.88	35.44	41.16	43.63	45.38	35.11	36.17
Ce	88.28	94.80	73.90	86.67	84.76	94.90	74.32	76.67
Pr	9.40	9.79	8.55	10.06	9.89	10.63	8.55	8.74
Nd	35.52	35.66	33.30	38.70	35.84	38.90	32.20	33.16
Sm	6.92	6.21	6.46	7.13	6.64	7.09	6.39	6.30
Eu	1.26	1.08	1.55	1.32	1.94	1.06	1.39	1.44
Gd	6.14	5.03	6.06	5.98	4.96	5.17	5.23	5.39
Tb	0.91	0.73	0.97	1.02	0.80	0.83	0.95	0.92
Dy	5.80	4.80	5.32	5.87	4.60	4.71	5.31	5.26
Ho	1.20	1.02	1.08	1.18	1.02	1.03	1.09	1.07
Er	3.55	3.12	3.33	3.68	3.35	3.12	3.35	3.29
Tm	0.53	0.46	0.48	0.53	0.51	0.46	0.50	0.47
Yb	3.54	5.37	3.00	3.44	3.44	3.16	3.07	2.95
Lu	0.52	0.48	0.50	0.51	0.52	0.46	0.47	0.46
(La/Yb)_N	7.13	5.16	8.01	8.11	8.58	9.74	7.75	8.30
ΣREE	200.83	210.00	179.92	207.26	201.91	216.89	177.93	182.29
LREE	178.64	188.42	159.20	185.04	182.70	197.96	157.96	162.48
HREE	22.19	21.58	20.72	22.22	19.21	18.93	19.97	19.81
LREE/HREE	8.05	8.73	7.68	8.33	9.51	10.46	7.91	8.20

样品编号	含量(10^-6)			Th/U	同位素比值						年龄(Ma)
样品编号	U	Th	Pb	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
MY3-3-01	447.755	324.513	30.822	0.66291	0.05287	0.00154	0.38195	0.01143	0.05232	0.00056	323.37	66.00	328.47	8.40	328.76	3.44
MY3-3-02	735.541	643.998	49.910	0.81398	0.05301	0.00172	0.38206	0.01133	0.05235	0.00074	329.26	73.65	328.55	8.32	328.93	4.54
MY3-3-03	615.041	478.002	42.723	0.70188	0.05443	0.00181	0.39331	0.01409	0.05235	0.00065	389.04	74.61	336.78	10.27	328.96	3.98
MY3-3-04	576.489	284.580	36.229	0.45557	0.05361	0.00119	0.38826	0.00900	0.05248	0.00067	354.87	50.32	333.10	6.58	329.76	4.07
MY3-3-05	682.443	447.283	44.515	0.60907	0.05268	0.00116	0.38132	0.00824	0.05260	0.00066	315.21	50.11	328.01	6.06	330.44	4.02
MY3-3-06	530.631	283.715	34.673	0.49275	0.05230	0.00113	0.38241	0.00992	0.05261	0.00062	298.48	49.44	328.81	7.29	330.54	3.81
MY3-3-07	521.882	324.332	34.314	0.56658	0.05314	0.00148	0.38724	0.01131	0.05280	0.00083	334.95	63.13	332.35	8.28	331.66	5.07
MY3-3-08	671.108	711.591	48.294	0.98671	0.05320	0.00202	0.38648	0.01375	0.05283	0.00069	337.23	85.95	331.80	10.07	331.89	4.23
MY3-3-09	727.346	607.400	50.494	0.75332	0.05298	0.00157	0.38869	0.01331	0.05289	0.00073	328.05	67.10	333.41	9.73	332.22	4.47
MY3-3-10	522.072	289.666	33.569	0.54818	0.05418	0.00245	0.39219	0.01473	0.05310	0.00126	378.74	101.83	335.97	10.74	333.52	7.72
MY3-3-11	874.777	835.969	62.027	0.84882	0.05285	0.00140	0.38838	0.01112	0.05318	0.00055	322.29	60.38	333.19	8.14	334.02	3.37
MY3-3-12	447.276	469.213	33.666	0.95284	0.05241	0.00137	0.38549	0.01089	0.05320	0.00065	303.31	59.79	331.07	7.98	334.12	3.96
MY3-3-13	494.892	505.354	35.226	0.90167	0.05350	0.00165	0.39225	0.01258	0.05322	0.00085	349.95	69.55	336.01	9.17	334.25	5.19