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现代地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (04): 837-852.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.081

• 构造物理化学理论和方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

构造物理化学的理论纲要和应用前景

吕古贤1(), 张宝林2,3,4, 胡宝群5, 周永胜6, 王宗秀1, 王红才1, 曹代勇7, 方维萱8,9, 韩润生9, 许德如10,11, 杨兴科12, 焦建刚12, 王翠芝13, 吕承训14   

  1. 1.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京 100081
    2.中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京 100029
    3.中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京 100029
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    5.东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
    6.中国地震局地质研究所,北京 100029
    7.中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
    8.有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京 100012
    9.昆明理工大学国土资源学院,云南 昆明 650093
    10.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所矿物学与成矿学重点实验室,广东 广州 510640
    11.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西 南昌 330013
    12.长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710064
    13.福州大学紫金地质与矿业学院,福建 福州 350108
    14.中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京 100037
  • 出版日期:2024-08-10 发布日期:2024-10-16
  • 作者简介:吕古贤,男,博士,研究员,1949年出生,主要从事地质力学、矿田构造、胶东金矿成矿规律和深部外围找矿研究。Email:lvguxian@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家计委科技找矿项目(JG947110);国家科委攀登计划项目(G1999043214,95-39(预)-6-3);国家科委基础研究司特别支持项目(GJ94-83);国家自然科学基金项目(40972061)

Theoretical Outline and Application Prospects of Tectonophysicochemistry

LÜ Guxian1(), ZHANG Baolin2,3,4, HU Baoqun5, ZHOU Yongsheng6, WANG Zongxiu1, WANG Hongcai1, CAO Daiyong7, FANG Weixuan8,9, HAN Runsheng9, XU Deru10,11, YANG Xingke12, JIAO Jiangang12, WANG Cuizhi13, LÜ Chengxun14   

  1. 1. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    3. Innovation Academy for Earth Science, CAS,Beijing 100029, China
    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    5. School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
    6. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
    7. School of Earth Science and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    8. Non-ferrous Minerals Geological Survey Center, Beijing 100012, China
    9. College of Land and Resources, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
    10. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
    11. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
    12. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
    13. Zijin College of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
    14. Development Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
  • Published:2024-08-10 Online:2024-10-16

摘要:

构造物理化学是地质力学在“构造结合建造”领域兴起的研究方向,发展为探讨构造作用过程中岩石物理变化与化学变化相关性的交叉学科领域。针对“构造力能否影响化学平衡”的地球科学难题,作者开展矿田地质构造的深入研究,进行构造力影响压力的探索。构造应力场可以分解为两部分:一部分是应力差,使岩石发生变形;另一部分是平均应力部分,即各向相等的正压应力状态,使岩石体积变化。后者称为“构造附加静水压力”。“构造附加静水压力”叠加在其地质作用引起的压力之上,改变该点的压力并影响其他物理化学条件,由此控制成岩成矿地球化学过程。构造物理化学是研究“构造力改变物理化学条件进而影响化学过程”,即研究构造引起的构造附加压力、温度等物理化学条件及其控制物理化学过程的领域。构造物理化学和“成矿深度构造校正”等理论方法预测胶东金矿深部存在“第二富集带”已得到证实,为胶东成为全球第三大金矿区提供了理论和方法方面的支撑。经过30多年科研和找矿实践,构造物理化学产生了广泛学术影响;中国地质学会地质力学专业委员会1996年设立“构造物理化学专业学组”,中国地球物理学会2018年批准成立“构造物理化学专业委员会”。构造物理化学需继续深入研究的问题有:构造附加静水压力问题,构造作用影响温度问题,构造作用改变岩石物理性质问题,构造作用影响地质P-T相图问题,还要发展“构造结合建造”的构造变形岩相观测研究方法等。构造物理化学在地壳异常压力和地壳深部压力状态、构造对油气的驱动和圈闭问题、成岩成矿深度的构造校正测算和隐伏矿床预测、超高压变质带的“构造增压壳内成因”问题、煤变形-变质作用的物理化学条件、临界成矿的热力学分析、地震灾害流体对于岩石系统的构造物理化学约束以及构造变形岩相基础上的地球物理勘查等方面推广应用已取得长足进展,且具有广阔的发展前景。

关键词: 构造物理化学, 构造附加静水压力, 构造附加参量, 深度校正测算, 构造地球化学

Abstract:

Tectonophysicochemistry is an emerging study direction in geomechanics within the field of “structure-combined construction”. It has developed into an interdisciplinary field that studies the correlation between the physical and chemical changes of rocks during tectonic activities. In addressing the challenging problem in earth sciences, namely “whether tectonic force can affect chemical equilibrium”, the author conducted in-depth research on the geological structures of ore fields and explored the influence of tectonic force on pressure. The tectonic stress field can be divided into two parts: one is the stress difference, which causes the deformation of rocks; and the other is the average stress, which is the positive pressure stress state of equal directions that changes the volume of rocks. The latter is called “structural additional hydrostatic pressure”. The “tectonic additional hydrostatic pressure” is superimposed on the pressure caused by its geological processes, altering the pressure at a given point and affecting other physical and chemical conditions, thus controlling the diagenetic and geochemical processes of diagenesis and mineralization.Tectonophysicochemistry is the study of “how tectonic forces change the physicochemical conditions and then affect the chemical process”. It focuses on structural additional pressure, temperature, and other physicochemical conditions caused by tectonism and their control over physicochemical processes. The prediction of “second enrichment zone” deep in Jiaodong gold deposit, using theories and methods such as tectonophysicochemistry and “structural correction of metallogenic depth” has been confirmed. This provides theoretical and methodological support for Jiaodong, the third-largest gold region in the world. After more than 30 years of scientific research and prospecting practices, tectonophysicochemistry has gained extensive academic influence. The Geomechanics Committee of the Geological Society of China established the “Professional Group of Tectonophysicochemistry” in 1996, and the Chinese Geophysical Society approved the establishment of the “Professional Committee of Tectonophysicochemistry” in 2018. The problems in tectonophysicochemistry that need further study are: additional hydrostatic pressure, tectonism affecting temperature, tectonism changing physical properties of rock, tectonism affecting geological PT phase diagram, and developing methods for observing and studying structural deformation lithofacies. Tectonophysicochemistry has made significant progress in various areas, including the expansion and application of abnormal crustal pressure and deep crustal pressure states, tectonic driving and trapping of oil and gas, tectonic correction calculation of diagenetic and metallogenic depth and prediction of hidden ore deposits, “crustal genesis of tectonic pressurization” in ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt, physicochemical conditions of coal deformation and metamorphism, thermodynamic analysis of critical mineralization, tectonophysicochemical constraints of earthquake disaster fluid on rock system, and geophysical exploration based on tectonic deformation lithofacies belts. There is a broad prospect for the development of tectonophysicochemistry.

Key words: tectonophysicochemistry, structural additional hydrostatic pressure, structural additional parameter, depth correction measurement, structural geochemistry

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