欢迎访问现代地质!

现代地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01): 1-17.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.023

• • 上一篇    下一篇

川藏铁路雅安—林芝段典型地质灾害与工程地质问题

郭长宝1,2(), 吴瑞安1,2, 蒋良文3, 钟宁1,2, 王炀1,2, 王栋3, 张永双4, 杨志华1,2, 孟文1,2, 李雪1,2, 刘贵1,2   

  1. 1. 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京 100081
    2. 新构造运动与地质灾害重点实验室,北京 100081
    3. 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川 成都 610031
    4. 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北 石家庄 050061
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-13 修回日期:2021-01-10 出版日期:2021-02-12 发布日期:2021-03-12
  • 作者简介:郭长宝,男,博士,研究员,1980年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事工程地质与地质灾害调查研究。Email: guochangbao@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局项目(DD20190319);中国地质调查局项目(20190505);国家自然科学基金项目(41877279);国家自然科学基金项目(41731287);国家自然科学基金项目(41941017);自然资源部杰出青年科技人才项目(12110600000018003911)

Typical Geohazards and Engineering Geological Problems Along the Ya’an-Linzhi Section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway,China

GUO Changbao1,2(), WU Rui’an1,2, JIANG Liangwen3, ZHONG Ning1,2, WANG Yang1,2, WANG Dong3, ZHANG Yongshuang4, YANG Zhihua1,2, MENG Wen1,2, LI Xue1,2, LIU Gui1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geo-hazard, Beijing 100081, China
    3. China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
    4. Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, China
  • Received:2020-12-13 Revised:2021-01-10 Online:2021-02-12 Published:2021-03-12

摘要:

川藏铁路是中国正在规划建设的重点工程,穿越地形地貌和地质构造都极为复杂的青藏高原东部。铁路沿线活动断裂发育、地震频发,新建铁路雅安—林芝段直接穿越或近距离展布于龙门山断裂带、鲜水河断裂带等10条大型区域性活动断裂带,部分断裂活动速率值达10 mm/a,潜在强震危险性高。在内外动力耦合作用下,铁路沿线地质灾害极为发育,密集分布于大渡河、雅砻江、金沙江、澜沧江、怒江和雅鲁藏布江及其一级支流、活动断裂带和公路沿线,其中高位远程滑坡及链式灾害、深层蠕变-剧滑型滑坡、地震滑坡等灾害危害严重,成为了铁路建设的“拦路虎”。铁路沿线处于以水平构造应力为主导的高地应力环境,穿越华南主体应力区、龙门山—松潘应力区、川滇应力区、墨脱—昌都应力区和喜马拉雅应力区等5个大的一级构造应力区;雅安—康定段最大主应力方向为NWW—NW向,并向林芝方向呈现NNE向偏转,地应力在平面和垂向空间上表现为强烈局部差异性,如折多山某隧道地应力测试结果揭示了在垂向上存在应力释放区。在高地应力条件下,铁路沿线深埋隧道潜在围岩岩爆和大变形危害风险大。铁路建设应加强活动断裂安全避让、重大地质灾害早期识别和监测预警、深埋隧道地应力和岩爆大变形超前预测预报等工作,科学指导铁路选线与防灾减灾。

关键词: 川藏铁路, 地质灾害, 活动断裂, 地应力, 工程地质问题

Abstract:

The Sichuan-Tibet Railway is a major project being planned and constructed across the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau in China, where is characterized by extremely complex topography and geological structure. The active faults and frequent earthquakes are well distributed along the planned railway line, with ten large-scale regional active fault zones directly crossing or closely distributed along the newly planned Ya’an-Linzhi railway section, such as the Longmenshan fault zone, the Xianshuihe fault zone, and so on, of which the slipping rate could reach up to 10 mm/a, and with high potential risk of strong earthquakes. Under the coupling geological effect of internal and external dynamics, the geohazards are highly developed along the railway line, and densely developed along the Dadu River, Yalong River, Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nujiang River, Yarlung Zangbo River and their first-level tributaries, the active fault zones and the national highway. Especially, the long-runout landslides and geohazard chain, deep-buried creeping landslides, and earthquake-triggered landslides might cause more serious damages, which are the major challenges encountered in the railway construction. The railway is located in high stress environment dominated by horizontal tectonic stress, and there are about five major first-level stress zones along the railway and the adjacent area, i.e.,the south China main stress zone, the Longmenshan-Songpan stress zone, the Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone, the Motuo-Changdu stress zone and the Himalaya stress zone. The maximum principal stress direction of the Ya’an-Kangding railway section is the NWW-NW direction, and deflect into the NNE direction to Linzhi City. The regional stresses show strong differences in plane and vertical space, for example, there is a stress relief zone in the vertical direction of one tunnel revealed by in-situ stress testing results in Zheduo Mountain. Under the high geostress background, there are high risks of rockburst and large deformation in the deep-buried railway tunnels surrounding rocks. The railway construction should take safety distance from active faults, and strengthen necessary measures to monitor, early identify and predict the occurrence of giant geohazards, to measure and predict the geostress,large deformation and rockburst for deep-buried tunnel, which could provide scientific guidances for railway line selection and disaster prevention and mitigation.

Key words: Sichuan-Tibet Railway, geohazard, active fault, geostress, engineering geological problem

中图分类号: