华北棕壤土掺砂比对渗滤系统净化污水性能的影响

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.096

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤渗滤系统对农村生活污水治理具有重要意义,然而系统易堵塞与复氧效果差等特征限制了该技术应用。为提高系统渗透性与氨氮去除率,本次研究向本地棕壤土中掺入不同比例的矿物颗粒来改变孔隙率,分析了其在不同水力负荷下的污染物去除效果,并基于高通量测序与 PICRUSt2功能预测揭示微生物群落响应机制。结果表明,在0.1 m³·m^-2·d^-1的水力负荷下,完全取代土壤的沸石体系 $NH 4 +$ -N去除率为91.1%,自然富集了unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae、Arthrobacter、Bacillus等菌属,依靠同步硝化-好氧反硝化实现了最高的氮去除率,但磷酸盐去除率仅14%。土壤占比30%时, $NH 4 +$ -N去除率为93.4%,与硝化作用相关的功能基因丰度最高,磷酸盐去除率增加到25%,是构建硝化模块的科学配比。土壤占比50%及以上时,硝化功能基因丰度降低,缺氧环境增强,是适宜构建反硝化模块的配比,但由于土壤本底微生物功能以氮固定和有机物同化利用为主(Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria和Chloroflexi),进水中有机物较难被用于反硝化。本研究为提升棕壤区土壤渗滤系统氮的净化效率、生物多样性与稳定性提供科学依据,为日后组建和优化模块化渗滤系统提供理论支撑。

关键词: 分散式生活污水, 土砂比, 土壤渗滤, 功能微生物, 酶活性

Abstract:

Soil infiltration system is of great significance for the treatment of rural decentralized domestic sewage. However, the system can be blocked easily and the reaeration performance is poor, which limits the application. To improve the system permeability and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, different proportions of mineral particles were added to the local brown soil to alter the porosity. The contaminations removal effects under different hydraulic loads were analyzed and the microbial response was revealed based on high-throughput sequencing and PICRUSt2 function prediction. The results showed that the $NH 4 +$ -N removal rate of the zeolite system (which completely replaced the soil) was 91.1% under the hydraulic load of 0.1 m³·m^-2·d^-1. The Unclassified_ f_ Enterobacteriaceae, Arthrobacter, Bacillus and other bacteria were naturally enriched, which rely on simultaneous nitrification aerobic denitrification achieving the highest nitrogen removal rate, but the phosphate removal rate was only 14%. When the soil proportion was 30%, the $NH 4 +$ -N removal rate was 93.4%, with the highest abundance of functional genes related to nitrification. It is a scientific ratio for constructing a nitrification module, and the phosphate removal rate increases to 25%. When the soil accounts for 50% or more, the gene abundance of nitrification function decreases and the anoxic environment increases, which is a suitable ratio for constructing a denitrification module. However, the functions of soil indigenous microorganisms are mainly nitrogen fixation and organic matter assimilation or utilization (Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chl-oroflexi). It is thus difficult for the organic matter involved to be used for denitrification. This study provides a scientific basis for improving nitrogen purification efficiency, biodiversity and stability of brown soil area soil infiltration system, as well as theoretical support for future establishment and optimization of modular infiltration systems.

Key words: decentralized domestic sewage, soil/sand ratio, soil infiltration, functional microorganism, enzyme activity

中图分类号:

P641.3
X52

王滢, 胡伟武, 陈男, 冯传平. 华北棕壤土掺砂比对渗滤系统净化污水性能的影响[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(04): 914-924.

WANG Ying, HU Weiwu, CHEN Nan, FENG Chuanping. Effect of the Sand Mixing Ratio of North China Brown Soil on Sewage Purification Performance in Infiltration System[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(04): 914-924.

图/表 10

图1 渗滤实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram for the percolation experimental device

图2 NH 4 +-N去除性能与去除率

Fig.2 NH 4 +-N removal performance and removal efficiency

图3 不同运行阶段 NO 3 --N(a)与 NO 2 --N(b)质量浓度变化

Fig.3 Changes of NO 3 --N (a) and NO 2 --N (b) concentration in different operation stages

图4 出水磷酸盐质量浓度(a)和磷酸盐去除率(b)(负值表示磷酸盐的溶出)

Fig.4 Phosphate concentration of effluent (a) and phosphate removal efficiency (b) (negative value indicates phosphate dissolution)

表1 Alpha多样性指数

Table 1 Alpha diversity index

样品名	Sobs	ACE	Chao	Shannon	Simpon	Coverage
Control	2237	2623.2	2648.4	6.4	0.0042	0.988
S0	783	900.9	893.1	3.55	0.1372	0.996
S30	2504	2906.2	2852.9	6.33	0.0073	0.987
S50	2510	2864.4	2832.5	6.55	0.0039	0.988
S70	2501	2938	2921.4	6.51	0.0041	0.987

图5 细菌群落的主成分分析(PCA)(a)和门水平层级聚类分析(b)

Fig.5 Principal component analysis (PCA) (a) and hierarchical cluster analysis of bacterial community (b)

图6 细菌群落属水平相对丰度

Fig.6 Relative abundance of bacterial community at genus level

图7 不同高度处土壤酶活性 (a)脲酶; (b)碱性蛋白酶; (c)碱性磷酸酶; (d)中性转化酶

Fig.7 Soil enzyme activity at different heights

表2 土壤细菌优势科/属与土壤酶活之间的相关关系

Table 2 Correlation between dominant families/genera of soil bacteria and soil enzyme activities

土壤细菌优势科/属	S-UE	S-ALPT	S-AKP/ALP	S-NI
Enterobacteriaceae	-0.79	-0.40	-0.58	0.17
Arthrobacter	0.60	-0.15	-0.79	-0.95
Sphingomonas	-0.72	-0.33	-0.64	0.04
Nakamurella	-0.37	0.76	0.20	0
Nocardioides	0.40	-0.34	-0.92	-0.84
MND1	0.35	-0.54	0.22	0.26
Bacillus	0.63	-0.35	0.20	-0.01
Xanthobacteraceae	0.32	-0.62	0.11	0.23
Microvirga	0.41	-0.58	0.11	0.15
Microbacterium	0.05	0.34	-0.59	-0.70
Nitrosospira	-0.70	0.19	-0.31	0.04
Nitrospira	-0.25	0.50	-0.32	-0.38

图8 细菌需氧性表型(a)和氮转化有关功能基因丰度(b)预测

Fig.8 Prediction of aerobic phenotype of bacteria (a) and functional genes related to nitrogen transformation (b)

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