珠江水系沉积物重金属元素背景值估算及污染特征分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.02.05

现代地质 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (02): 293-304.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.02.05

珠江水系沉积物重金属元素背景值估算及污染特征分析

韦彬¹(), 侯青叶¹(), 唐志敏², 宗庆霞³, 闫帅¹, 何海云¹

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
2.中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京 210016
3.云南省地质调查院,云南昆明 650216

收稿日期:2018-07-10 修回日期:2018-09-19 出版日期:2019-05-08 发布日期:2019-05-08
通讯作者: 侯青叶
作者简介:侯青叶,女,副教授,1978年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: qingyehou@cugb.edu.cn。
韦彬,男,硕士研究生,1994年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: motimace@cugb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800304);国家自然科学基金项目(41773019);中国地质调查局地质大调查项目(12120115050401)

Estimation of Background Values and Contamination Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Pearl River, China

WEI Bin¹(), HOU Qingye¹(), TANG Zhimin², ZONG Qingxia³, YAN Shuai¹, HE Haiyun¹

1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China
3. Yunnan Institute of Geological Survey, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

Received:2018-07-10 Revised:2018-09-19 Online:2019-05-08 Published:2019-05-08
Contact: HOU Qingye

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

估算水系沉积物的地球化学背景值和识别其异常对人为污染判别与环境风险评估非常重要。采集并分析了珠江58件水系沉积物样品,经分析检验,Al、Fe和Sc被选作参考元素,并对比了确定地球化学背景及识别异常值的方法。其中,基于最小截断二乘法的回归分析是定义地球化学背景的有效方法,它是一种对异常值不敏感的稳健统计方法,而基于局部富集因子的箱线图和回归诊断图更适用于识别异常值。珠江不同河段重金属污染存在差异,北江和河网区主要受As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污染,东江主要受Cu、Cr和Ni污染,而西江几乎不存在重金属污染。水系沉积物的主要污染类型是点源污染,主要污染来源是采矿和电镀等相关的工业活动。

关键词: 地球化学背景值, 污染, 重金属, 珠江, 水系沉积物

Abstract:

Estimating the background values and identifying anomalies are very important to discriminate anthropogenic contamination source and assess environmental risk of heavy metals. We collected and analyzed 58 sediment samples from different branches and channels of the Pearl River, China. Based on geochemical and statistical analysis, Al, Fe and Sc were proved suitable for as reference elements. Different methods of obtaining geochemical background values and outliers of heavy metals were presented and compared in this paper. A useful way to estimate the geochemical background values is provided by regression based on the least trimmed sum of squares (LTS), which is a robust statistical approach showing low sensitivity to outliers. Both boxplots of local enrichment factor and regression diagnostic plots turn out to be better for identifying outliers. Results show that contamination varied in the different segments of the Pearl River. The North River and Pearl River channels were contaminated by As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and the East River by Cu, Cr and Ni while there was almost no contamination in the West River. Point source contamination remains a major cause of contamination to sediments. Main sources of heavy metals may be industrial contamination such as mining and electroplating.

Key words: geochemical background value, contamination, heavy metal, the Pearl River, stream sediment

中图分类号:

P595
X142

韦彬, 侯青叶, 唐志敏, 宗庆霞, 闫帅, 何海云. 珠江水系沉积物重金属元素背景值估算及污染特征分析[J]. 现代地质, 2019, 33(02): 293-304.

WEI Bin, HOU Qingye, TANG Zhimin, ZONG Qingxia, YAN Shuai, HE Haiyun. Estimation of Background Values and Contamination Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Pearl River, China[J]. Geoscience, 2019, 33(02): 293-304.

图/表 8

参考文献 41

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地点	含量	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	TFe₂O₃	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
东江	最小值	4.5	58.1	0.72	3.4	0.04	6.7	4.6	0.008	3.6	21.2	17.5
	最大值	21.6	89.2	6.42	22.5	0.27	69.4	59.3	0.086	58.0	65.2	105.9
	中位数	7.7	82.5	1.95	7.4	0.13	19.9	23.0	0.016	9.7	30.5	61.2
	平均值	9.0	80.1	2.46	9.6	0.13	29.0	25.0	0.033	17.6	34.6	62.1
	标准差	5.2	9.8	1.82	5.9	0.08	23.6	20.4	0.031	16.9	13.1	39.9
河网	最小值	5.4	58.1	1.92	10.2	0.26	21.7	6.7	0.022	2.9	26.6	50.3
	最大值	20.2	85.8	6.86	79.0	3.90	114.5	99.5	0.200	61.7	137.8	333.5
	中位数	12.5	66.6	5.59	30.5	0.88	84.8	32.8	0.151	25.9	66.5	223.1
	平均值	13.3	70.2	5.15	34.3	1.38	73.1	45.0	0.129	26.8	67.9	201.5
	标准差	5.5	10.7	1.81	22.5	1.25	29.9	39.2	0.064	19.4	36.1	103.0
北江	最小值	1.1	63.9	0.35	1.4	0.05	3.6	3.0	0.002	1.4	8.3	8.7
	最大值	17.4	92.2	5.43	95.8	4.36	68.7	93.3	0.617	51.5	127.5	486.3
	中位数	6.6	85.3	2.00	14.6	0.82	22.0	22.0	0.056	12.3	36.1	51.9
	平均值	8.1	81.8	2.51	26.5	1.42	28.1	31.4	0.110	17.5	51.7	109.2
	标准差	4.2	7.8	1.50	27.8	1.33	20.4	29.0	0.153	14.1	34.6	121.5
西江	最小值	4.7	58.2	2.42	12.9	0.17	32.5	11.6	0.031	12.9	21.2	51.4
	最大值	18.9	87.6	7.79	68.1	4.51	105.9	57.1	0.262	51.8	110.2	349.2
	中位数	12.8	71.4	5.13	27.4	1.18	64.2	29.2	0.127	28.1	40.2	127.8
	平均值	11.9	72.6	5.25	28.7	1.39	67.0	30.2	0.123	29.3	44.5	144.3
	标准差	4.7	8.9	1.37	13.3	1.03	20.1	11.8	0.065	10.5	20.6	70.5
全国^①		12.8	65.2	4.5	12.0	0.18	61.0	23.0	0.046	26.0	27.0	71.0
珠江^②		12.9	61.8	6.5	17.0	0.09	86.0	38.0	0.093	35.0	30.0	85.0
全国^③		12.8	65.5	4.3	8.0	0.11	54.0	20.0	0.027	22.0	22.0	65.0

地点	含量	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	TFe₂O₃	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
东江	最小值	4.5	58.1	0.72	3.4	0.04	6.7	4.6	0.008	3.6	21.2	17.5
	最大值	21.6	89.2	6.42	22.5	0.27	69.4	59.3	0.086	58.0	65.2	105.9
	中位数	7.7	82.5	1.95	7.4	0.13	19.9	23.0	0.016	9.7	30.5	61.2
	平均值	9.0	80.1	2.46	9.6	0.13	29.0	25.0	0.033	17.6	34.6	62.1
	标准差	5.2	9.8	1.82	5.9	0.08	23.6	20.4	0.031	16.9	13.1	39.9
河网	最小值	5.4	58.1	1.92	10.2	0.26	21.7	6.7	0.022	2.9	26.6	50.3
	最大值	20.2	85.8	6.86	79.0	3.90	114.5	99.5	0.200	61.7	137.8	333.5
	中位数	12.5	66.6	5.59	30.5	0.88	84.8	32.8	0.151	25.9	66.5	223.1
	平均值	13.3	70.2	5.15	34.3	1.38	73.1	45.0	0.129	26.8	67.9	201.5
	标准差	5.5	10.7	1.81	22.5	1.25	29.9	39.2	0.064	19.4	36.1	103.0
北江	最小值	1.1	63.9	0.35	1.4	0.05	3.6	3.0	0.002	1.4	8.3	8.7
	最大值	17.4	92.2	5.43	95.8	4.36	68.7	93.3	0.617	51.5	127.5	486.3
	中位数	6.6	85.3	2.00	14.6	0.82	22.0	22.0	0.056	12.3	36.1	51.9
	平均值	8.1	81.8	2.51	26.5	1.42	28.1	31.4	0.110	17.5	51.7	109.2
	标准差	4.2	7.8	1.50	27.8	1.33	20.4	29.0	0.153	14.1	34.6	121.5
西江	最小值	4.7	58.2	2.42	12.9	0.17	32.5	11.6	0.031	12.9	21.2	51.4
	最大值	18.9	87.6	7.79	68.1	4.51	105.9	57.1	0.262	51.8	110.2	349.2
	中位数	12.8	71.4	5.13	27.4	1.18	64.2	29.2	0.127	28.1	40.2	127.8
	平均值	11.9	72.6	5.25	28.7	1.39	67.0	30.2	0.123	29.3	44.5	144.3
	标准差	4.7	8.9	1.37	13.3	1.03	20.1	11.8	0.065	10.5	20.6	70.5
全国^①		12.8	65.2	4.5	12.0	0.18	61.0	23.0	0.046	26.0	27.0	71.0
珠江^②		12.9	61.8	6.5	17.0	0.09	86.0	38.0	0.093	35.0	30.0	85.0
全国^③		12.8	65.5	4.3	8.0	0.11	54.0	20.0	0.027	22.0	22.0	65.0

地球化学背景函数	R²	样品数
As=4.259×Al-1.586	0.86	58
As=7.403×Fe-0.007	0.82	58
As=2.557×Sc-0.306	0.84	58
Cd=0.202×Al-0.207	0.36	58
Cd=0.388×Fe-0.184	0.50	58
Cd=0.117×Sc-0.071	0.60	58
Cu=4.510×Al+0.305	0.36	58
Cu=8.970×Fe-1.245	0.89	58
Cu=2.937×Sc-0.119	0.94	58
Cr=11.801×Al-18.984	0.86	58
Cr=19.644×Fe-6.002	0.98	57
Cr=6.541×Sc-4.804	0.95	58
Hg=0.024×Al-0.042	0.81	58
Hg=0.045×Fe-0.035	0.89	54
Hg=0.014×Sc-0.031	0.90	58
Ni=4.435×Al-2.165	0.80	58
Ni=8.822×Fe-2.354	0.91	58
Ni=3.044×Sc-2.555	0.97	57
Pb=4.889×Al+13.196	0.77	58
Pb=7.690×Fe+19.490	0.54	58
Pb=2.475×Sc+19.252	0.60	58
Zn=23.602×Al-17.931	0.79	58
Zn=38.502×Fe-1.007	0.87	58
Zn=13.109×Sc-2.392	0.91	58

地球化学背景函数	R²	样品数
As=4.259×Al-1.586	0.86	58
As=7.403×Fe-0.007	0.82	58
As=2.557×Sc-0.306	0.84	58
Cd=0.202×Al-0.207	0.36	58
Cd=0.388×Fe-0.184	0.50	58
Cd=0.117×Sc-0.071	0.60	58
Cu=4.510×Al+0.305	0.36	58
Cu=8.970×Fe-1.245	0.89	58
Cu=2.937×Sc-0.119	0.94	58
Cr=11.801×Al-18.984	0.86	58
Cr=19.644×Fe-6.002	0.98	57
Cr=6.541×Sc-4.804	0.95	58
Hg=0.024×Al-0.042	0.81	58
Hg=0.045×Fe-0.035	0.89	54
Hg=0.014×Sc-0.031	0.90	58
Ni=4.435×Al-2.165	0.80	58
Ni=8.822×Fe-2.354	0.91	58
Ni=3.044×Sc-2.555	0.97	57
Pb=4.889×Al+13.196	0.77	58
Pb=7.690×Fe+19.490	0.54	58
Pb=2.475×Sc+19.252	0.60	58
Zn=23.602×Al-17.931	0.79	58
Zn=38.502×Fe-1.007	0.87	58
Zn=13.109×Sc-2.392	0.91	58

珠江水系沉积物重金属元素背景值估算及污染特征分析

Estimation of Background Values and Contamination Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Pearl River, China

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