四川盆地三叠系颗粒碳酸盐岩储层的成因类型

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三叠系颗粒碳酸盐岩储层是四川盆地主要的产气层系之一,按成因可划分为残余粒间孔型滩相储层、岩溶型滩相储层(可进一步划分为早期岩溶型滩相储层、埋藏岩溶型滩相储层和表生岩溶型滩相储层)、白云岩化型滩相储层和复合型滩相储层。它们的储集空间特征分别为:残余粒间孔型滩相储层以残余粒间孔+粒间溶孔为主;早期岩溶型滩相储层以粒内溶孔+铸模孔为主;埋藏岩溶型滩相储层以溶蚀(扩)孔洞为主;表生岩溶型滩相储层多具有形态各异的岩溶孔洞系统;白云岩化型滩相储层以晶间孔+晶间溶孔为主;复合滩相型储层为两种或以上成因类型相叠加;优质颗粒滩碳酸盐岩储层最终形成绝大多数是以沉积相为基础叠加建设性成岩作用改造的产物。

关键词: 成因类型, 储层, 碳酸盐岩颗粒滩, 三叠系, 四川盆地

Abstract:

The Triassic carbonate shoal reservoirs is one of the main gan producing strata in Sichuan basin.They can be genetically divided into residual intergranular pore type of carbonate shoal reservoirs, karstification type of carbonate shoal reservoirs(further divided into syndepositional karstification type of carbonate shoal reservoirs, burial karstification type of carbonate shoal reservoirs and supergene karstification type of carbonate shoal reservoirs), dolomite type of carbonate shoal reservoirs and composite type of carbonate shoal reservoirs. Residual intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores are main reservoir space of residual intergranular pore type of carbonate shoal reservoirs. Isolate intragranular corroded pores and mould pores are main reservoir space of syndepositional karstification type of carbonate shoal reservoirs. Solution pores and holes are main reservoir space of burial karstification type of carbonate shoal reservoirs. The difference of scales and forms of karst pores and holes are main reservoir space of supergene karstification type of carbonate shoal reservoirs. Intercrystal pores and intercrystal solution pores are main reservoir space of dolomite type of carbonate shoal reservoirs. The various reservoir spaces including complex pores system and complex holes system are main characteristics of composite type of carbonate shoal reservoirs. The further analysis result of the main control factors of types of genetic carbonate shoal reservoirs shows that the high quality carbonate shoal reservoirs are formed by sedimentary facies and constructive diagenesis modification.

Key words: genetic type, reservoir, carbonate shoal, Triassic, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

丁熊, 吴涵, 王兴志, 唐青松, 马华灵. 四川盆地三叠系颗粒碳酸盐岩储层的成因类型[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(06): 1241-1250.

DING Xiong, WU Han, WANG Xingzhi, TANG Qingsong, MA Hualing. Genetic Types of Carbonate Shoal Reservoirs of Triassic Period, Sichuan Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(06): 1241-1250.

图/表 9

图1 四川盆地构造及三叠系典型剖面图

Fig.1 Sketch showing tectonic regions and typical profile of Triassic period in Sichuan basin

表1 四川盆地三叠系颗粒碳酸盐岩储层成因类型

Table 1 Genetic types of carbonate shoal reservoirs in Triassic period, Sichuan basin

成因类型		代表性储集空间	成因机理
残余粒间孔型滩相储层		残余粒间孔+粒间溶孔	残余粒间孔的保存
岩溶型滩相储层	早期岩溶型滩相储层	粒内溶孔+铸模孔	早期大气淡水组构选择性溶蚀
	埋藏岩溶型滩相储层	溶蚀孔洞+溶扩孔洞	埋藏环境中酸性流体溶蚀
	表生岩溶型滩相储层	组构非选择性溶蚀孔、洞、缝	地表和地下水组构非选择性溶蚀
白云岩化型滩相储层		晶间孔+晶间溶孔	白云岩化作用
复合型滩相储层		多种孔、洞、缝组合	两种或两种以上成因叠加

图2 四川盆地三叠系颗粒碳酸盐岩铸体薄片照片 a.砂屑云岩,残余粒间孔和粒间溶孔为主, 3 760 m,雷口坡组,Q1井; b.砂屑云岩,可见残余粒间孔,3 142 m,嘉陵江组,Mo13井; c.亮晶膏质砂屑云岩,连通粒间孔隙为石膏胶结充填,3 131 m, 嘉陵江组, Mo13井; d.鲕粒云岩,粒内溶孔和铸模孔为主,3 243 m,飞仙关组,LJ1井; e.鲕粒灰岩,粒内溶孔和铸模孔为主,可见渗流粉砂,2 190 m,雷口坡组,B61井; f.残余鲕粒云岩,溶蚀孔洞被黑色沥青和硫磺部分充填,3 257 m,飞仙关组,LJ2井; g.残余鲕粒云岩,可见粒间孔被埋藏溶蚀作用改造成粒间溶孔,3 263 m,飞仙关组,LJ2井; h.残余砂屑粉晶云岩,晶间孔和晶间溶孔为主,3 158 m, 嘉陵江组,Mo23井; i.残余砂屑粉晶云岩,晶间孔和晶间溶孔为主,1 783 m,雷口坡组,J22井

Fig.2 Photos of plastic-impregnated thin sections in Triassic period, Sichuan basin

图3 微地貌高地颗粒滩的发育和受大气淡水淋滤溶蚀示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of grain shoals development and dissolution of grain shoals by atmospheric fresh water in microtopography highland

图4 Mo14井中三叠统雷口坡组一段颗粒滩岩芯沉积特征分析图

Fig.4 The analysis of sedimentary characteristics by cores form grain shoals of Lei 1 Member, Leikoupo Formation in Middle Triassic, well Mo14

图5 四川盆地三叠系埋藏酸性流体对先期具孔隙系统层和先期致密层的影响示意图 a.埋藏酸性流体对具先期孔隙系统的影响,对先期孔隙进行扩溶; b.埋藏酸性流体对先期致密层的影响,仅能沿先期裂缝有限的溶蚀

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of early pores and throats preserved of the carbonate layers and compact carbonate layers influenced by burial karstification in Triassic, Sichuan basin

图6 Lg39井中三叠统雷四段滩相储层表生岩溶垂向分带

Fig.6 Columnar section showing vertical distribution of supergene karstification and reservoir of Lei 4 Member, Leikoupo Formation in Middle Triassic, well Lg39

图7 四川盆地三叠系颗粒滩储层成因分类示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of genetic types of grain shoal reservoirs in Triassic period, Sichuan basin

表2 四川盆地三叠系不同成因类型颗粒滩相储层基本特征和主控因素

Table 2 Genetic types of carbonate shoal reservoirs in Triassic period, Sichuan basin

成因类型		代表性储集空间	喉道类型	孔渗特征	储层类型	主控因素
残余粒间孔型滩相储层		残余粒间孔+粒间溶孔	缩颈喉道和管束状喉道为主	中孔中渗	孔隙型	早期胶结作用不活跃、初期压实的顺利进行、沉积速率高
岩溶型滩相储层	早期岩溶型滩相储层	粒内溶孔+铸模孔	喉道欠发育	中孔低渗	孔隙型	古微地貌高地、海平面相对下降、古气候温暖潮湿
	埋藏岩溶型滩相储层	溶蚀孔洞+溶扩孔洞	缩颈喉道和管束状喉道为主	高-中孔中渗	孔隙型或孔洞型	成岩流体性质、先期的孔隙系统、埋藏成岩流体的来源方向
	表生岩溶型滩相储层	组构非选择性溶蚀孔、洞、缝	缩颈喉道、管束状喉道和片状喉道	高-中孔中渗	孔隙型或孔洞型	海平面下降、构造运动
白云岩化型滩相储层		晶间孔+晶间溶孔	片状喉道为主	中孔中渗	孔隙型	白云岩化作用
复合型滩相储层		多种孔、洞、缝组合	缩颈喉道、管束状喉道和片状喉道	高-中孔中渗	孔隙型或孔洞型	两种或两种以上成因叠加

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