塔里木盆地西南地区石炭系煤系烃源岩识别与分布特征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.060

现代地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05): 1371-1381.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.060

塔里木盆地西南地区石炭系煤系烃源岩识别与分布特征

赵永强¹^,²(), 苏思羽³^,⁴, 蒲仁海³^,⁴(), 姚威¹^,², 季天愚⁵

1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏无锡 214126
2.中国石化油气成藏重点实验室,江苏无锡 214126
3.西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安 710069
4.西北大学地质学系,陕西西安 710069
5.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-01-30 修回日期:2022-06-26 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-11-03
通讯作者: 蒲仁海
作者简介:蒲仁海,男,博士,教授,1962年出生,油气地质专业,主要从事复合圈闭预测研究。Email: 552418459@qq.com。
赵永强,男,博士,高级工程师,1973年出生,油气地质专业,主要从事油气成藏研究。Email: zhaoyq.syky@sinopec.com。

Identification and Distribution of Carboniferous Coal Measure Source Rocks in the Bamai Area, Southwestern Tarim Basin

ZHAO Yongqiang¹^,²(), SU Siyu³^,⁴, PU Renhai³^,⁴(), YAO Wei¹^,², JI Tianyu⁵

1. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710069, China
4. Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
5. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-01-30 Revised:2022-06-26 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-11-03
Contact: PU Renhai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来在塔里木盆地西南巴麦地区巴探5井石炭系卡拉沙依组中发现了多层煤层和炭质泥岩,它们具有一定的生烃潜力。由于它们发育于碳酸盐岩与砂泥岩交互的混积台地背景中,之前并未作为有效烃源岩加以重视,因此查明其发育规律和分布特征对寻找该区石炭系自生自储油气藏具有重要意义。利用钻井岩心、岩屑样品地球化学测试,测井岩性识别、三维地震反演等方法进行了该套煤系烃源岩生烃指标和识别分布研究。结果表明,巴探5井这套煤系烃源岩与卡拉沙依组广泛发育的一套三角洲-潟湖沉积体系有关。煤系烃源岩最大累计厚度约20 m,其有机碳含量介于10.6%~63.2%之间,干酪根类型为II₂-III,镜质体反射率为0.78%~1.65%,其成熟度随埋深的变化总体上呈北低南高之势。煤、炭质泥岩、暗色泥页岩等有效烃源岩都表现为声波时差>300 μs/m、密度<2.3 g/cm³,所不同的是煤层自然伽马(GR)值小于75 API,炭质泥岩GR值为75~100 API,泥页岩GR值>100 API。井间和井外地区根据三维地震波阻抗反演值<7 333 m·s^-1·g·cm^-3识别出烃源岩的分布,它们主要沿来自北西向的朵状三角洲地区加厚。混积台地中煤系烃源岩和三角洲储层有望形成该区卡拉沙依组自生自储油气藏。

关键词: 巴麦地区, 卡拉沙依组, 煤层, 三角洲, 混积台地

Abstract:

In recent years, multilayer coal seams and carbonaceous mudstone have been found in the Carboniferous Karashayi Formation in the BT5 well area in the southwest of Tarim Basin. Because it is sandwiched in the mixed platform background of carbonate rock and sandstone mudstone interaction, it has not been found and reported before. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out the gas development law and distribution characteristics for finding the Carboniferous authigenic oil and gas reservoirs in this area. Based on the geochemical test of drilling cores and cuttings samples, logging lithology identification, 3D seismic inversion and so on, this paper studies the hydrocarbon generation indicators and identification distribution of the coal measure source rocks. The results show that this set of coal measure source rocks in BT5 well is related to a set of delta sedimentary system widely developed in Karashayi Formation. The maximum cumulative thickness of coal measure source rocks is about 20 m, its total organic carbon (TOC) is 10.6%-63.2%, kerogen types are of II₂-III, vitrinite reflectance (R_o) is 0.78%-1.65%, and its maturity changes with burial depth. On the whole, it is low in the north and high in the south, mainly along a set of northwest southeast delta lagoon sedimentary area. According to the AC>300 μs/m, DEN<2.3 g/cm³ and different GR values can identify the thickness and content of different types of source rocks in this area. The GR value of coal seam is less than 75 API, and the GR value of carbonaceous mudstone is 75-100 API; The GR value of shale is greater than 100 API. The distribution of source rocks can be identified in the area between wells and outside wells according to the inversion value of 3D seismic wave impedance less than 7 333 m·s^-1·g·cm^-3. The coal measure source rocks and delta reservoirs in the mixed platform are expected to form self generated and self stored oil and gas reservoirs in the Karashayi Formation in this area.

Key words: Bamai slope, Karashayi Formation, coal, delta, mixed platform

中图分类号:

赵永强, 苏思羽, 蒲仁海, 姚威, 季天愚. 塔里木盆地西南地区石炭系煤系烃源岩识别与分布特征[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(05): 1371-1381.

ZHAO Yongqiang, SU Siyu, PU Renhai, YAO Wei, JI Tianyu. Identification and Distribution of Carboniferous Coal Measure Source Rocks in the Bamai Area, Southwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(05): 1371-1381.

图/表 11

图1 巴麦地区构造单元划分图(a)巴麦地区上石炭统—下二叠统综合柱状图(b)

Fig.1 Tectonic unit division map of Bamai area (a) and Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian comprehensive histogram in Bamai area (b)

图2 巴探5井石炭系卡拉沙依组钻井综合剖面图

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic profile of Carboniferous Karashayi Formation of well BT5

表1 研究区不同岩性TOC含量、Ro及有机碳类型测定结果

Table 1 Determination results of TOC content, Ro and organic carbon types of different lithology in the study area

样品编号	钻井	代号	地层	来源	深度/m	岩性	T_max/℃	TOC/%	R_o/%	有机碳类型
1	BT5	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩心	1 918.1	炭质泥岩	437	14.20	1.65	Ⅲ
2	BT5	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩心	1 917.6	泥岩	434	0.15	0.90	Ⅲ
3	KT1	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	1 620	炭质泥岩	431	14.40	0.78	Ⅱ₂
4	BT5	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	2 040	炭质泥岩	424	10.60	0.78	Ⅱ₂-Ⅲ
5	BT10	C₁b	下泥岩段	岩屑	2 660	泥岩	436	0.01	0.80	Ⅲ
6	BT7	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	4 520	泥岩	431	0.01	0.97	Ⅲ
7	BT7	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	4 540	泥岩	428	0.86	1.33	Ⅲ
8	BT9	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	4 740	泥岩	437	1.15	1.13	Ⅲ
9	BT5	C₁k	含灰岩段	岩屑	2 020	泥岩	428	2.36	0.87	Ⅲ
10	BT5	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	2 095	泥岩	432	0.94	0.80	Ⅲ
11	BT5	C₁b	中(膏)泥岩段	岩屑	2 400	泥岩	429	0.15	—	Ⅲ
12	BT5	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	2 055	煤	425	58.10	1.29	Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂
13	BT5	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	2 060	炭质泥岩	424	18.50	0.81	Ⅱ₂
14	KT1	C₁k	砂泥岩段	岩屑	1 605	煤	432	63.20	0.93	Ⅲ

图3 KT1、BT5、BT10井巴楚组连井剖面图(剖面位置见图1)

Fig.3 KT1-BT5-BT10 well linked cross-section in Bachu Formation (seeing Fig.1 for the well locations)

图4 巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组顶面镜煤反射率等值线平面图

Fig.4 Contour map of coal vitrinite reflectance of the top Carboniferous Kalashayi Formation in Bamai area

图5 塔西南卡拉沙依组不同岩性的AC-GR和RD-DEN交会图

Fig.5 Crossplots of AC-GR and RD-DEN logging values of different lithology of Kalashayi Formation in southwest Tarim Basin

图6 BT5三维地震区波阻抗小于阀值的卡拉沙依组煤系烃源岩百分含量图

Fig.6 Percentage diagram of coal measure source rocks in Kalashayi Formation with wave impedance less than the threshold in BT5 three-dimension seismic area

图7 巴麦地区石炭系C1k煤层和炭质泥岩累加厚度等值线图

Fig.7 Isopach map of cumulative thickness of Carboniferous coal seam and Carbonaceous mudstone in Bamai area

图8 过巴探5-巴探10井的南东向卡拉沙依组三角洲前积反射地震剖面图(剖面位置见图6)

Fig.8 Seismic section of NW-SE orientation delta progradational reflection of Karasayi Formation through BT5-BT10 well (seeing Fig.6 for section location)

图9 五期前积反射平面叠合图(半透明色填充)

Fig.9 Superposition distribution map of five-stage progradational reflections (filled with semi-translucent color)

图10 巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组沉积相平面图

Fig.10 Depositional facies map of Carboniferous Kalashayi Formation in Bamai area

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塔里木盆地西南地区石炭系煤系烃源岩识别与分布特征

Identification and Distribution of Carboniferous Coal Measure Source Rocks in the Bamai Area, Southwestern Tarim Basin

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