辽宁省小佟家堡子金矿床流体包裹体及同位素地球化学特征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.04.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

辽宁小佟家堡子金矿床位于华北克拉通北缘。矿区出露地层为元古宇辽河群大石桥组大理岩和盖县组片岩,断裂构造控制着矿体的产出。矿石类型包括石英脉型和蚀变岩型。围岩蚀变类型有硅化、绢云母化和碳酸盐化。成矿过程划分为早、中、晚3个阶段,依次为石英±黄铁矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段,金主要沉淀于石英-多金属硫化物阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,小佟家堡子矿床发育富液两相包裹体、富气两相包裹体、含CO₂包裹体和纯CO₂包裹体。成矿早阶段石英中仅见富液两相包裹体,包裹体均一温度介于311~408 ℃之间,盐度介于5.9%~14.3% NaCl eqv之间;成矿中阶段石英中发育富液两相包裹体、富气两相包裹体、含CO₂包裹体和纯CO₂包裹体,包裹体均一温度介于268~376 ℃之间,盐度介于4.1%~13.0% NaCl eqv之间;成矿晚阶段石英中仅见富液两相包裹体,均一温度介于201~254 ℃之间,盐度介于1.6%~7.6% NaCl eqv之间。成矿流体具中温、低盐度、富CO₂的特征,属于H₂O-NaCl±CO₂体系。流体不混溶作用是金沉淀的主要机制。成矿流体的δ¹⁸O_W值为0.3‰~2.3‰,δD_W值为-99.8‰~-96.2‰,表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,混合部分变质水和大气降水。金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值介于+4.6‰~+12.9‰。金属硫化物的铅同位素比值变化较小,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.671~18.361,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.569~15.659,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.695~37.937。S-Pb同位素组成表明成矿物质主要来自辽河群变质岩和晚三叠世岩浆岩。黄铁矿中流体包裹体³He/⁴He值为0.27~0.53 Ra,地幔流体参与成矿作用的比例为2.9%~5.8%,地壳流体占主导地位。

关键词: 流体包裹体, 同位素地球化学, 小佟家堡子金矿, 辽东半岛

Abstract:

The Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit is located in the northern North China Craton, eastern Liaoning Province, NE China. The strata in the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit are composed of the marble and schist of the Dashiqiao and Gaixian formations of the Proterozoic Liaohe Group. The faults control the distribution of the ore bodies. The ores contain quartz vein and altered rock types. The wall-rock alterations in the deposit can be divided into silicification, sericitization and carbonatization. Three stages of mineralization were identified, with the early stage represented by quartz±pyrite vein, the middle stage by quartz-polymetallic sulfide vein, and the late stage by quartz-carbonate vein. Four types of fluid inclusions were distinguished: liquid-rich two-phase, gas-rich two-phase, CO₂-bearing and pure CO₂ fluid inclusions. The early stage quartz only contains liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions with salinities of 5.9 to 14.3 wt.% NaCl equiv. and homogenization temperature of 311 to 408 ℃. The middle stage quartz contains all four types of fluid inclusions, of which liquid-rich two-phase, gas-rich two-phase, CO₂-bearing fluid inclusions yield homogenization temperatures of 268 to 376 ℃, salinities of 4.1 to 13.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. In the late stage quartz only the liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions were observed, which have relatively low salinities of 1.6 to 7.6 wt.% NaCl equiv. and relatively low homogenization temperatures of 201 to 254 ℃. The ore-forming fluid is characterized by medium temperature, low salinity and CO₂-rich, roughly belonging to H₂O-NaCl±CO₂ system. The fluid phase separation or immiscibility in the middle stage caused rapid precipitation of ore-forming materials. The δ¹⁸O_Wvalues of the ore-forming fluid vary from 0.3‰ to 2.3‰, and δD_W values vary from -99.8‰ to -96.2‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluid derived mainly from magmatic fluid mixed with minor metamorphic water and meteoric water. δ³⁴S of metallic sulfides ranges from +4.6‰ to +12.9‰. Pb isotopic ratios of metallic sulfides show small variations: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.671 to 18.361, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.569 to 15.659 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.695 to 37.937. Sulfur and lead isotopes suggest that the ore-forming materials were derived from the metamorphic rocks of the Liaohe Group and Late Triassic magmatic rocks. ³He/⁴He ratio of fluid inclusions in pyrite ranges from 0.27 to 0.53 Ra. The mantle helium involved in the ore-forming fluid is 2.9% to 5.8%, which implies mantle-and crust-derived fluids were involved in the gold mineralization together.

Key words: fluid inclusion, isotopic chemistry, Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula

中图分类号:

P618.51
P597

刘军, 刘福兴, 李生辉, 段超. 辽宁省小佟家堡子金矿床流体包裹体及同位素地球化学特征[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(04): 631-645.

LIU Jun, LIU Fuxing, LI Shenghui, DUAN Chao. Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Geochemistry Characteristics of the Xiaotongjiapuzi Gold Deposit, Liaoning Province, China[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(04): 631-645.

图/表 16

图1 辽东半岛区域地质和主要金矿床分布简图(据文献[19]修改) 1.中生代花岗岩;2.面理化的侏罗纪花岗岩;3.元古宙花岗岩;4.镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石;5.白垩纪陆相沉积岩;6.侏罗纪火山岩;7.石炭系—二叠系;8.寒武系—奥陶系;9.新元古代碳酸盐岩、砂岩、石英岩和板岩;10.古元古代板岩、大理岩和变泥质岩(辽河群);11.古元古代镁铁质岩浆弧带:超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩、片麻岩、硅质岩和变泥质岩;12.片麻状混合岩和基底片麻岩;13.断裂;14.地质界线;15.金矿床:?分水金矿;?白云金矿;?小佟家堡子金矿;?石庙子金矿;?王家崴子金矿;?猫岭金矿;?塔岭金矿;?五龙金矿;?四道沟金矿

Fig.1 Sketch geological map of the Liaodong Peninsula, showing distribution of major gold deposits in the Liaodong Peninsula(modified after reference [19])

图2 青城子地区地质矿产图① ① 辽宁有色地质局一○三队.辽宁省凤城市白云金矿接替资源勘查综合研究报告.2012: 1-205.

Fig.2 Geological map and distribution of mineral deposits of the Qingchengzi region①

图3 小佟家堡子金矿床地质简图(据文献[9]修改)

Fig.3 Geological map of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit(modified after reference [9])

图4 小佟家堡子金矿床地质剖面图(据文献[27]修改)

Fig.4 Geological cross section of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit (modified after reference [27])

图5 小佟家堡子金矿床典型矿石照片 (a)石英-黄铁矿脉;(b)石英-黄铁矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿脉;(c)石英-黄铁矿-毒砂-方铅矿脉;(d)石英-碳酸盐脉;(e)石英-多金属硫化物脉中半自形-他形黄铁矿、针状毒砂;(f)石英-多金属硫化物脉中方铅矿和闪锌矿交代黄铁矿;Apy.毒砂;Py.黄铁矿;Gn.方铅矿;Sp.闪锌矿;Cal.方解石;Q.石英

Fig.5 Photographs and photomicrographs of ores from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

图6 小佟家堡子金矿床代表性流体包裹体照片 (a)Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型包裹体共存;(b)Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型包裹体共存;(c)Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型包裹体共存;(d)Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型包裹体共存

Fig.6 Photomicrographs of representative fluid inclusions from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

表1 小佟家堡子矿床流体包裹体显微测温及相关参数

Table 1 Microthermometry data and relative parameters of fluid inclusions in the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

成矿阶段	包裹体类型	测试数量	大小/ μm	气液比/ %	?(CO₂)/ %	$t m (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_m(ice)/ ℃	t_{m (cla)}/ ℃	$t h (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_h/ ℃	盐度/% NaCl eqv	密度/ (g/cm³)
早	I	84	4~7	10~30			-10.3~-3.6			311~408	5.9~14.3	0.67~0.79
中	Ⅰ	99	4~9	10~40			-9.1~-2.6			268~371	4.3~13.0	0.71~0.88
	Ⅱ	12	4~8	55~75			-5.8~-3.9			341~361	6.3~9.0	0.67~0.71
	Ⅲ	14	4~7		55~85	-57.1~-56.7		6.5~7.9	11.5~15.2	323~376	4.1~6.5	0.92~0.94
	Ⅳ	14	4~8			-57.0~-56.7			11.4~15.1
晚	Ⅰ	54	4~7	10~30			-4.8~-0.9			201~254	1.6~7.6	0.82~0.90

表1 小佟家堡子矿床流体包裹体显微测温及相关参数

Table 1 Microthermometry data and relative parameters of fluid inclusions in the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

成矿阶段	包裹体类型	测试数量	大小/ μm	气液比/ %	?(CO₂)/ %	$t m (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_m(ice)/ ℃	t_{m (cla)}/ ℃	$t h (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_h/ ℃	盐度/% NaCl eqv	密度/ (g/cm³)
早	I	84	4~7	10~30			-10.3~-3.6			311~408	5.9~14.3	0.67~0.79
中	Ⅰ	99	4~9	10~40			-9.1~-2.6			268~371	4.3~13.0	0.71~0.88
	Ⅱ	12	4~8	55~75			-5.8~-3.9			341~361	6.3~9.0	0.67~0.71
	Ⅲ	14	4~7		55~85	-57.1~-56.7		6.5~7.9	11.5~15.2	323~376	4.1~6.5	0.92~0.94
	Ⅳ	14	4~8			-57.0~-56.7			11.4~15.1
晚	Ⅰ	54	4~7	10~30			-4.8~-0.9			201~254	1.6~7.6	0.82~0.90

图7 小佟家堡子金矿床流体包裹体均一温度-盐度直方图

Fig.7 Histograms of salinities and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

图8 小佟家堡子矿床流体包裹体激光拉曼图谱

Fig.8 Laser Raman spectra of fluid inclusions from the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

表2 小佟家堡子矿床氢、氧同位素组成

Table 2 H and O isotope compositions of the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

样号	样品描述	成矿阶段	分析对象	δD_W/‰	δ¹⁸O_mineral/‰	δ¹⁸O_W/‰	计算温度/℃
LX-12	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-96.2	5.7	0.5	353
LX-14	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-98.1	6.3	1.1	355
LX-15	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-99.8	5.6	0.3	351
LX-16	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-98.8	7.4	2.3	357

表3 小佟家堡子金矿床硫和铅同位素组成

Table 3 S and Pb isotopic compositions of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

样号	样品描述	分析矿物	δ³⁴S/‰	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2σ
LX-1.1	石英-多金属硫化物脉	闪锌矿	5.1	37.708	0.003	15.574	0.001	17.701	0.002
LX-1.2	石英-多金属硫化物脉	方铅矿	4.6	37.716	0.003	15.578	0.001	17.697	0.002
LX-2.1	石英-多金属硫化物脉	闪锌矿	6.1	37.804	0.004	15.605	0.002	17.729	0.001
LX-2.2	石英-多金属硫化物脉	方铅矿	5.4	37.695	0.004	15.569	0.002	17.690	0.002
LX-4	石英-多金属硫化物脉	黄铁矿	6.9	37.695	0.004	15.579	0.002	17.671	0.002
LX-9	石英-多金属硫化物脉	毒砂	8.7	37.937	0.004	15.648	0.001	17.688	0.002
LX-22	蚀变岩型金矿石	黄铁矿	12.9	37.890	0.004	15.659	0.001	18.361	0.002
LX-21	蚀变岩型金矿石	黄铁矿	10.5
LX-24	蚀变岩型金矿石	黄铁矿	8.5

表4 小佟家堡子金矿床黄铁矿中流体包裹体He、Ar同位素组成

Table 4 Helium and argon isotopic components of the inclusion-trapped fluid in pyrite from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

样号	样品描述	⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar	³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar	³He/⁴He/10^-6	R/Ra	⁴⁰Ar/10^-8	⁴He/10^-8	He_mantle/%
LX-2	石英-多金属硫化物脉	671.6±1.1	5.41±0.01	0.64±0.02	0.46	188.9	185.1	5.0
LX-5	石英-多金属硫化物脉	362.2±0.3	5.45±0.01	0.74±0.04	0.53	183.9	214.9	5.8
LX-6	石英-多金属硫化物脉	1113.1±2.6	5.40±0.02	0.67±0.06	0.48	239.8	226.9	5.2
LX-8	石英-多金属硫化物脉	612.6±0.7	5.35±0.01	0.38±0.02	0.27	273.8	536.3	2.9
LX-9	石英-多金属硫化物脉	681.9±1.4	5.41±0.02	0.73±0.02	0.52	155.5	167.8	5.7

图9 小佟家堡子矿床流体包裹体均一温度-盐度关系图

Fig.9 Diagram of homogenization temperature vs salinity of fluid inclusions in the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

图10 小佟家堡子金矿床δDW-δ18OW体系图(据文献[36]修改)

Fig.10 δDW vs δ18OW diagram of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit (modified after reference [36])

图11 小佟家堡子金矿床流体包裹体3He-4He图(据文献[44]修改)

Fig.11 He isotope composition of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit (modified from reference [44])

图12 小佟家堡子金矿床((a)、(b))及青城子铅锌金银矿集区铅同位素组成图解((c)、(d))(据文献[48]修改) 晚三叠世花岗岩(双顶沟和新岭岩体)及辽河群变质岩(盖县组和大石桥组变质岩)Pb同位素数据引自文献[6,49];青城子地区铅锌矿和高家堡子银矿中金属硫化物Pb同位素数据引自文献[49]

Fig.12 Pb isotopic evolution diagrams of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit ((a),(b)) and Qingchengzi Pb-Zn-Au-Ag ore concentration area ((c), (d)) (modified after reference [48])

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