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现代地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (03): 612-627.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.131

• 机器学习与矿物学应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东微山稀土矿床成因研究:稀土矿物学约束

兰君1,2(), 刘晓1,*(), 张鹏2,3, 邢楠2,3, 李志民2,3, 李健1, 徐洪岩2,3, 蓝廷广4, 王石2,3, 王健2,3   

  1. 1.山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
    2.山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第五地质大队,山东 泰安 271000
    3.山东省稀土矿成矿作用研究与探测院士工作站,山东 泰安 271000
    4.中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵州 贵阳 550081
  • 出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-07-03
  • 通信作者: *刘 晓,男,副教授,1981年出生,主要从事矿产科研工作。Email:liuxiaogis@sdut.edud.cn
  • 作者简介:兰 君,男,正高级工程师,1986年出生,主要从事稀土勘查科研工作。Email:lanjun56@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点基金项目“碳酸岩-碱性岩岩浆-热液演化与稀土成矿作用”(41930430);山东省地勘基金项目“山东省微山县郗山地区稀土矿深部及外围调查评价(续作)”(鲁勘字(2020)32号);山东省自然科学基金“碱性岩对稀土元素富集的制约—以郗山稀土矿床为例”(ZR2021QD106)

Genetic Study of Weishan Rare Earth Deposit in Shandong Province: Constraints of Rare Earth Mineralogy

LAN Jun1,2(), LIU Xiao1,*(), ZHANG Peng2,3, XING Nan2,3, LI Zhimin2,3, LI Jian1, XU Hongyan2,3, LAN Tingguang4, WANG Shi2,3, WANG Jian2,3   

  1. 1. Shandong University of Technology School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
    2. Shandong Fifth Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
    3. Academician Workstation for Research and Exploration of Rare Earth Mineralization in Shandong Province, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
    4. Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
  • Published:2025-06-10 Online:2025-07-03

摘要:

山东微山稀土矿床位于华北板块东部的莱芜—淄博—微山稀土矿带,是我国三大轻稀土矿床之一。为进一步探究稀土元素的迁移富集过程,本研究对微山矿床开展了精细的矿物学研究。根据矿物共生组合及脉体之间的穿切关系,将微山稀土矿床热液成矿作用划分为四个成矿阶段:(I)钾长石+石英+方解石、(Ⅱ)硫酸盐+石英+方解石、(Ⅲ)稀土矿物+石英+方解石+硫酸盐+萤石以及(Ⅳ)方解石+石英+萤石+硫化物阶段。对各成矿阶段开展扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)和电子探针(EPMA)分析显示,稀土矿物主要为氟碳铈矿、氟碳钙铈矿、碳(酸)锶铈矿和少量的独居石、(铈)磷灰石和钍石。这些稀土矿物与萤石、方解石和硫酸盐矿物密切共生,指示成矿流体可能为H2O-CO2-NaCl-F-REE- S O 4 2 -体系热液;在成矿过程中,F-、Cl- C O 3 2 - S O 4 2 -等多离子对关键成矿元素的迁移和富集具有不同程度的贡献,壳幔混合岩浆演化晚期分异的复杂成矿流体是成矿作用的关键。结合区域构造背景,本文提出微山稀土矿床形成可能与古太平洋板块俯冲板片后撤诱发软流圈地幔物质上涌的成矿构造模式。

关键词: 矿物组合, 成矿流体, 矿床成因, 成矿模式, 微山稀土矿床

Abstract:

The Weishan rare earth element (REE) deposit in Shandong is located in the Laiwu-Zibo-Weishan REE belt in the eastern part of the North China Craton and is one of the three major light REE deposits in China. To better investigate the migration and enrichment processes of REEs, this study conducted detailed mineralogical research on the Weishan deposit. Based on the mineral paragenesis and cross-cutting relationships between veins, the hydrothermal mineralization of the Weishan rare earth deposit was divided into four stages: (Ⅰ) K-feldspar+quartz+calcite, (Ⅱ) sulfate+quartz+calcite, (Ⅲ) REE minerals+quartz+calcite+sulfate+fluorite, and (Ⅳ) calcite+quartz+fluorite+sulfides. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of each mineralization stage revealed that the main REE minerals are bastnäsite, parisite, strontianite-(Ce), and minor monazite, (Ce) apatite, and thorite. Additionally, these REE minerals are closely associated with fluorite, calcite, and sulfate minerals, indicating that the ore-forming fluid was likely a H2O-CO2-NaCl-F-REE- S O 4 2 - hydrothermal system. During the mineralization process, ions such as F-, Cl-, C O 3 2 -, and S O 4 2 - contributed to varying degrees to the migration and enrichment of key ore-forming elements. Considering the regional tectonic background, this paper proposes that the Weishan REE deposit formed under the tectonic regime of the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate, with the complex late-stage differentiation of crust-mantle mixed magma and associated ore-forming fluids playing a key role in the mineralization process.

Key words: mineral assemblage, ore-forming fluids, ore genesis, mineralization model, Weishan rare earthdeposit

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