庐枞盆地西湾铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量元素组成特征及成矿启示

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.094

现代地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 183-197.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.094

• 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 • 上一篇下一篇

庐枞盆地西湾铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量元素组成特征及成矿启示

胡生平¹^,²(), 韩善楚¹^,²(), 张洪求¹^,²^,³, 张勇¹^,², 潘家永¹^,², 钟福军¹^,², 卢建研¹^,², 李惟鑫¹^,²

1.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌 330013
2.东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西南昌 330013
3.广西二七二地质队,广西南宁 530033

收稿日期:2023-03-05 修回日期:2023-10-07 出版日期:2024-02-10 发布日期:2024-03-20
通讯作者: 韩善楚,男,博士研究生,讲师,1982年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事矿床地球化学方面的研究。Email:hanshanchu@ecut.edu.cn。
作者简介:胡生平,男,硕士研究生,1999年出生,地质资源与地质工程专业,主要从事矿床地球化学方面的研究。Email:edward_hsp@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41963001);国家自然科学基金项目(42062006);中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M642582)

Trace Element Geochemistry and Its Metallogenic Implications of the Pyrite from the Xiwan Pb-Zn Deposit in Luzong Basin, Anhui

HU Shengping¹^,²(), HAN Shanchu¹^,²(), ZHANG Hongqiu¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Yong¹^,², PAN Jiayong¹^,², ZHONG Fujun¹^,², LU Jianyan¹^,², LI Weixin¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
2. School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
3. Guangxi 272 Geological Team, Nanning, Guangxi 530033, China

Received:2023-03-05 Revised:2023-10-07 Online:2024-02-10 Published:2024-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄铁矿作为铅锌矿床中最常见的金属硫化物之一,是铅锌矿床形成过程中的贯通性矿物,其矿物学与地球化学特征可探究成矿作用过程,进而探讨矿床成因。庐枞盆地是长江中下游多金属成矿带的重要组成部分,近年来在其北缘新发现了可达大型规模的西湾铅锌矿床。虽然前人对西湾铅锌矿床已开展了相关的研究,但对与成矿关系密切的黄铁矿化学组成及其成因等方面的研究还较为薄弱。本研究首次利用偏反光显微镜与激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)对该矿床多类黄铁矿开展研究,揭示黄铁矿微量元素组成特征和替换机制,进一步探讨矿床成因。结果显示,根据晶体形态及矿物组合特征将黄铁矿分为成矿前与成矿期两期。成矿前黄铁矿主要呈半自形-它形粒状结构,粒径为10~50 μm,可见多个细小颗粒组成粒状集合体,其特征元素主要为Cu、Ag、As、Pb、Sb;而成矿期黄铁矿主要呈自形-半自形粒状结构,粒径大于200 μm,通常和方铅矿、闪锌矿组合,呈脉状的形式产出于灰岩裂隙中,其特征元素主要为Mn、Co、Ni、Zn、Cs、Cd、In、Sn。黄铁矿中微量元素替代机制主要为单元素和多元素耦合替代,其中单元素替代机制主要有Co²⁺↔Fe²⁺、Ni²⁺↔Fe²⁺、Pb²⁺↔Fe²⁺,多元素耦合替代机制主要有As³⁺+Ag⁺ ↔2Fe²⁺、(Tl⁺+Cu⁺+Ag⁺)+(Sb³⁺,As³⁺)↔3Fe²⁺,此外,还有部分Pb、Zn、As以方铅矿、闪锌矿和砷黄铁矿等微小包裹体的形式存在于黄铁矿晶体中。黄铁矿中Co、Ni、As、Cu、Mn、Ge、Ag等微量元素组成特征与矽卡岩型铅锌矿床类似,结合前人研究成果,认为西湾铅锌矿床属于远源矽卡岩型矿床。

关键词: 西湾铅锌矿床, 黄铁矿, 微量元素组成, 元素替代机制, 矿床成因

Abstract:

Pyrite is the most common metal sulfides formed in lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) deposits, and it accompanies most of the ore-forming process of the Pb-Zn deposits.Pyrite mineralogy and chemical compositions are key information to get insight into the mineralization process and therein the genesis of the ore deposits.The Luzong basin, part of the middle-lower Yangtze river valley metallogenic belt, has recently been found to host a large scale of Xiwan Pb-Zn deposit along its northern margin.Even though the Xiwan Pb-Zn deposit has been intensively investigated, the studies on the correlations between the pyrite geochemistry and the genesis of the ore deposit remain unresolved.This study for the first time employed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and petrography to investigate the pyrite characteristics from the ore deposit.The aim is to elucidate the trace element geochemistry and substitution mechanisms in pyrite crystals with an aim to understand the genesis of the ore deposit.Our results revealed two stages of pyrite formation based on crystal morphology and mineral associations, namely pre-ore and ore-forming stages.Pre-ore pyrite exhibited a semi-euhedral to anhedral grain structure with the size ranging from 10 to 50 μm and was composed of multiple fine-grained aggregation, characterized by enriched Cu, Ag, As, Pb, and Sb contents.In contrast, the pyrite associated with the Pb-Zn ores displays anhedral to semi-euhedral crystallization with its size > 200 μm.The pyrite occurs within the limestone fractures with vein-like structures and is enriched in Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cs, Cd, In, and Sn elements, and mostly associated with the minerals galena and sphalerite.The substitution mechanisms of trace elements in the pyrite primarily involved single-element and multi-element coupled substitutions.Single-element substitutions include Co²⁺↔Fe²⁺, Ni²⁺↔Fe²⁺, and Pb²⁺↔Fe²⁺, and multi-element coupled substitutions comprise As³⁺+Ag⁺↔2Fe²⁺ and (Tl⁺+Cu⁺+Ag⁺) + (Sb³⁺, As³⁺) ↔3Fe²⁺.Additionally, small mineral inclusions such as galena, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite, were observed within the pyrite crystals.The trace elements in pyrite, such as Co, Ni, As, Cu, Mn, Ge, and Ag, exhibited similarities to the skarn-type Pb-Zn deposits.Combining the findings in previous studies, this study classifies the Xiwan Pb-Zn deposit as a distal skarn-type deposit.

Key words: Xiwan Pb-Zn deposit, pyrite, trace element, substitution mechanism, ore genesis

中图分类号:

胡生平, 韩善楚, 张洪求, 张勇, 潘家永, 钟福军, 卢建研, 李惟鑫. 庐枞盆地西湾铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量元素组成特征及成矿启示[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(01): 183-197.

HU Shengping, HAN Shanchu, ZHANG Hongqiu, ZHANG Yong, PAN Jiayong, ZHONG Fujun, LU Jianyan, LI Weixin. Trace Element Geochemistry and Its Metallogenic Implications of the Pyrite from the Xiwan Pb-Zn Deposit in Luzong Basin, Anhui[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(01): 183-197.

图/表 11

参考文献 53

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期次	测试点	Mn	Co	Ni	Ag	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	Sn	Sb	Cs	Ga	Ge	Cd	In	Tl	Se	Te	Co/ Ni
Py1	1	5.08	0.05	0.01	17.80	366.00	2.62	7832.00	14418.0	-	162.00	0.06	-	1.51	0.75	-	0.39	1.10	-	5.00
	2	31.90	0.07	0.11	17.30	430.00	2.00	9704.00	2938.0	0.06	71.20	0.29	0.01	1.96	0.48	0.01	0.66	-	0.02	0.64
	3	2.30	0.05	0.22	5.77	407.00	3.39	15854.00	29.4	0.15	3.27	0.04	0.01	1.87	0.19	0.01	0.06	0.60	-	0.23
	4	1.99	0.01	-	6.17	274.00	1.47	8178.00	63.9	0.15	6.36	0.01	-	1.47	0.07	0.14	0.04	-	0.09	-
	5	1.86	0.61	0.21	43.30	246.00	2.27	6694.00	28883.0	0.12	170.00	0.02	0.01	1.46	1.12	-	0.34	0.34	-	2.90
	6	91.70	0.08	0.03	10.70	5.01	1578.00	523.00	1887.0	-	55.10	0.23	0.01	4.57	4.73	0.04	3.01	0.69	-	2.67
	7	155.00	0.19	0.36	14.40	11.60	2893.00	1422.00	630.0	-	66.80	0.47	0.02	6.33	7.26	0.09	4.01	0.55	0.02	0.53
Py2	1	34.10	3.75	1.26	5.42	30.30	3.22	137.00	244.0	0.01	12.40	0.32	0.37	2.59	0.02	-	0.35	0.24	0.02	2.98
	2	22.90	5.46	1.79	8.53	45.10	2.56	131.00	358.0	0.25	21.00	0.24	0.30	2.41	0.12	-	0.37	0.14	0.05	3.05
	3	44.60	3.85	1.85	6.32	32.10	0.99	101.00	473.0	0.10	15.60	0.39	1.31	2.25	0.05	-	0.41	1.07	0.03	2.08
	4	3.75	0.12	-	0.21	74.10	0.64	3.25	2578.0	0.14	2.01	0.06	0.03	2.35	0.01	-	0.06	-	0.08	-
	5	7.68	1.44	0.43	2.74	59.00	2.15	19.80	148.0	0.07	3.53	0.05	0.03	2.35	0.03	-	0.66	0.35	-	3.35
	6	4.67	1.05	0.43	2.70	43.70	1.79	32.90	16886.0	-	8.88	0.07	0.03	2.18	0.29	-	0.07	0.38	-	2.44
	7	181.00	3.02	1.20	4.77	47.10	2.94	129.00	268.0	-	11.90	0.26	0.25	2.24	0.05	-	0.51	0.60	-	2.52
	8	228.00	1.46	0.98	4.15	68.00	3.19	97.60	257.0	0.06	11.60	0.21	0.36	2.31	0.18	0.01	0.49	0.27	-	1.49
	9	22.70	4.57	3.54	11.4	67.90	11.40	653.00	283.0	-	3.46	0.07	-	1.83	0.02	-	228.00	0.27	0.03	1.29
	10	40.10	16.00	12.60	52.8	305.00	129.00	603.00	1023.0	0.30	10.90	0.03	-	1.53	0.24	-	333.00	0.16	-	1.27
	11	323.00	59.10	59.3	63.40	374.00	9681.00	2349.00	2106.0	0.21	79.70	2.38	0.80	3.06	23.00	0.93	70.40	0.18	-	1.00
	12	13.70	0.90	1.22	38.60	197.00	40.20	438.00	547.0	-	7.44	0.03	-	1.77	0.17	-	199.00	0.13	0.09	0.74
	13	26.60	0.06	0.28	5.21	35.00	18.00	2138.00	66.5	-	5.43	0.03	-	1.73	0.13	-	130.00	0.04	0.09	0.21
	14	11.60	2.08	0.91	25.60	101.00	11.20	909.00	423.0	-	15.50	0.04	-	1.98	0.04	-	181.00	0.32	0.03	2.29
	15	12.60	0.02	0.09	1.53	9.83	7.86	495.00	58.0	0.03	3.63	0.02	0.02	2.04	0.04	-	103.00	-	0.08	0.22
	16	100.00	4.10	2.57	4.95	18.10	48.40	2065.00	115.0	0.16	9.79	0.03	-	1.77	0.16	-	49.20	0.05	-	1.60
	17	13.90	7.52	4.26	11.30	41.90	10.60	722.0	506.0	0.07	13.80	0.05	-	1.70	0.10	-	192.00	-	-	1.70
	18	178.00	33.60	39.10	46.80	231.00	30477.00	1503.0	738.0	0.24	56.80	0.93	0.79	3.37	112.00	1.64	218.00	0.91	-	0.86
	19	2.57	1.80	1.07	2.97	6.82	9.56	67.3	44.8	0.13	6.42	0.02	0.04	1.51	-	0.01	0.12	0.32	0.22	1.68
	20	14.80	1.42	3.65	7.01	19.70	6.46	63.5	1027.0	0.12	11.30	0.04	0.04	1.99	0.03	0.01	0.33	0.53	-	0.39
	21	1.81	0.30	0.46	3.88	5.80	3.19	69.6	97.6	-	5.66	0.03	0.04	1.66	0.06	-	0.12	-	-	0.65
	22	4.02	1.94	2.97	5.20	10.80	20.20	92.6	77.0	0.03	7.38	0.05	0.07	2.01	0.02	-	0.11	0.14	-	0.65
	23	7.17	0.72	2.02	8.95	15.90	10.20	199.0	120.0	-	14.50	0.13	0.32	1.34	-	-	0.24	0.53	-	0.36
	24	2.41	0.25	0.38	3.22	8.32	11.90	112.0	54.0	0.07	6.38	0.03	0.05	1.66	0.01	-	0.04	-	-	0.66
	25	4.80	0.96	1.85	9.28	15.20	5.56	84.3	118.0	0.03	14.50	0.01	0.10	1.57	-	-	0.19	0.01	-	0.52
	26	4.08	0.84	1.37	8.49	13.00	6.72	109.0	121.0	0.03	16.00	0.09	0.14	1.44	0.10	-	0.22	-	0.03	0.61

期次	测试点	Mn	Co	Ni	Ag	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	Sn	Sb	Cs	Ga	Ge	Cd	In	Tl	Se	Te	Co/ Ni
Py1	1	5.08	0.05	0.01	17.80	366.00	2.62	7832.00	14418.0	-	162.00	0.06	-	1.51	0.75	-	0.39	1.10	-	5.00
	2	31.90	0.07	0.11	17.30	430.00	2.00	9704.00	2938.0	0.06	71.20	0.29	0.01	1.96	0.48	0.01	0.66	-	0.02	0.64
	3	2.30	0.05	0.22	5.77	407.00	3.39	15854.00	29.4	0.15	3.27	0.04	0.01	1.87	0.19	0.01	0.06	0.60	-	0.23
	4	1.99	0.01	-	6.17	274.00	1.47	8178.00	63.9	0.15	6.36	0.01	-	1.47	0.07	0.14	0.04	-	0.09	-
	5	1.86	0.61	0.21	43.30	246.00	2.27	6694.00	28883.0	0.12	170.00	0.02	0.01	1.46	1.12	-	0.34	0.34	-	2.90
	6	91.70	0.08	0.03	10.70	5.01	1578.00	523.00	1887.0	-	55.10	0.23	0.01	4.57	4.73	0.04	3.01	0.69	-	2.67
	7	155.00	0.19	0.36	14.40	11.60	2893.00	1422.00	630.0	-	66.80	0.47	0.02	6.33	7.26	0.09	4.01	0.55	0.02	0.53
Py2	1	34.10	3.75	1.26	5.42	30.30	3.22	137.00	244.0	0.01	12.40	0.32	0.37	2.59	0.02	-	0.35	0.24	0.02	2.98
	2	22.90	5.46	1.79	8.53	45.10	2.56	131.00	358.0	0.25	21.00	0.24	0.30	2.41	0.12	-	0.37	0.14	0.05	3.05
	3	44.60	3.85	1.85	6.32	32.10	0.99	101.00	473.0	0.10	15.60	0.39	1.31	2.25	0.05	-	0.41	1.07	0.03	2.08
	4	3.75	0.12	-	0.21	74.10	0.64	3.25	2578.0	0.14	2.01	0.06	0.03	2.35	0.01	-	0.06	-	0.08	-
	5	7.68	1.44	0.43	2.74	59.00	2.15	19.80	148.0	0.07	3.53	0.05	0.03	2.35	0.03	-	0.66	0.35	-	3.35
	6	4.67	1.05	0.43	2.70	43.70	1.79	32.90	16886.0	-	8.88	0.07	0.03	2.18	0.29	-	0.07	0.38	-	2.44
	7	181.00	3.02	1.20	4.77	47.10	2.94	129.00	268.0	-	11.90	0.26	0.25	2.24	0.05	-	0.51	0.60	-	2.52
	8	228.00	1.46	0.98	4.15	68.00	3.19	97.60	257.0	0.06	11.60	0.21	0.36	2.31	0.18	0.01	0.49	0.27	-	1.49
	9	22.70	4.57	3.54	11.4	67.90	11.40	653.00	283.0	-	3.46	0.07	-	1.83	0.02	-	228.00	0.27	0.03	1.29
	10	40.10	16.00	12.60	52.8	305.00	129.00	603.00	1023.0	0.30	10.90	0.03	-	1.53	0.24	-	333.00	0.16	-	1.27
	11	323.00	59.10	59.3	63.40	374.00	9681.00	2349.00	2106.0	0.21	79.70	2.38	0.80	3.06	23.00	0.93	70.40	0.18	-	1.00
	12	13.70	0.90	1.22	38.60	197.00	40.20	438.00	547.0	-	7.44	0.03	-	1.77	0.17	-	199.00	0.13	0.09	0.74
	13	26.60	0.06	0.28	5.21	35.00	18.00	2138.00	66.5	-	5.43	0.03	-	1.73	0.13	-	130.00	0.04	0.09	0.21
	14	11.60	2.08	0.91	25.60	101.00	11.20	909.00	423.0	-	15.50	0.04	-	1.98	0.04	-	181.00	0.32	0.03	2.29
	15	12.60	0.02	0.09	1.53	9.83	7.86	495.00	58.0	0.03	3.63	0.02	0.02	2.04	0.04	-	103.00	-	0.08	0.22
	16	100.00	4.10	2.57	4.95	18.10	48.40	2065.00	115.0	0.16	9.79	0.03	-	1.77	0.16	-	49.20	0.05	-	1.60
	17	13.90	7.52	4.26	11.30	41.90	10.60	722.0	506.0	0.07	13.80	0.05	-	1.70	0.10	-	192.00	-	-	1.70
	18	178.00	33.60	39.10	46.80	231.00	30477.00	1503.0	738.0	0.24	56.80	0.93	0.79	3.37	112.00	1.64	218.00	0.91	-	0.86
	19	2.57	1.80	1.07	2.97	6.82	9.56	67.3	44.8	0.13	6.42	0.02	0.04	1.51	-	0.01	0.12	0.32	0.22	1.68
	20	14.80	1.42	3.65	7.01	19.70	6.46	63.5	1027.0	0.12	11.30	0.04	0.04	1.99	0.03	0.01	0.33	0.53	-	0.39
	21	1.81	0.30	0.46	3.88	5.80	3.19	69.6	97.6	-	5.66	0.03	0.04	1.66	0.06	-	0.12	-	-	0.65
	22	4.02	1.94	2.97	5.20	10.80	20.20	92.6	77.0	0.03	7.38	0.05	0.07	2.01	0.02	-	0.11	0.14	-	0.65
	23	7.17	0.72	2.02	8.95	15.90	10.20	199.0	120.0	-	14.50	0.13	0.32	1.34	-	-	0.24	0.53	-	0.36
	24	2.41	0.25	0.38	3.22	8.32	11.90	112.0	54.0	0.07	6.38	0.03	0.05	1.66	0.01	-	0.04	-	-	0.66
	25	4.80	0.96	1.85	9.28	15.20	5.56	84.3	118.0	0.03	14.50	0.01	0.10	1.57	-	-	0.19	0.01	-	0.52
	26	4.08	0.84	1.37	8.49	13.00	6.72	109.0	121.0	0.03	16.00	0.09	0.14	1.44	0.10	-	0.22	-	0.03	0.61

庐枞盆地西湾铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量元素组成特征及成矿启示

Trace Element Geochemistry and Its Metallogenic Implications of the Pyrite from the Xiwan Pb-Zn Deposit in Luzong Basin, Anhui

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