豫西熊耳山蒿坪沟Ag-Au-Pb-Zn多金属矿床闪锌矿矿物学和微量元素组成特征及其成矿启示

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.093

现代地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 198-213.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.093

• 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 • 上一篇下一篇

豫西熊耳山蒿坪沟Ag-Au-Pb-Zn多金属矿床闪锌矿矿物学和微量元素组成特征及其成矿启示

刘金波¹^,²(), 张德贤¹^,²(), 胡子奇¹^,², 陈绍炜¹^,², 谢小雨¹^,²

1.有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室(中南大学),湖南长沙 410083
2.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南长沙 410083

收稿日期:2023-03-20 修回日期:2023-12-14 出版日期:2024-02-10 发布日期:2024-03-20
通讯作者: 张德贤,男,副教授,博士生导师,1978年出生,地质学专业,主要从事矿物微量元素地球化学和矿床学的教学与研究工作。Email:dexian.zhang@csu.edu.cn。
作者简介:刘金波,男,硕士,1997年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事矿物微量元素地球化学和矿物学研究工作。Email:liujinbo@csu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903602);国家自然科学基金项目(42272107)

Mineralogy, Trace Element Chemistry, and Their Metallogenic Implications of Sphalerites from the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit, Xiong’ershan Area, Western Henan

LIU Jinbo¹^,²(), ZHANG Dexian¹^,²(), HU Ziqi¹^,², CHEN Shaowei¹^,², XIE Xiaoyu¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
2. School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China

Received:2023-03-20 Revised:2023-12-14 Online:2024-02-10 Published:2024-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床是豫西熊耳山地区重要的铅锌多金属矿床之一,矿体主要赋存在蚀变破碎带和断裂带内,成矿与区内岩浆活动关系密切。目前该矿床的研究集中于同位素地球化学、成矿时代和成矿物质来源等方面,但从矿物角度示踪成矿过程的报道较少。本文以矿石中不同世代闪锌矿为研究对象,开展电子探针和LA-ICP-MS原位主微量元素分析,查明不同世代闪锌矿的矿物学和微量元素组成特征,以反演矿床成矿物理化学条件进而约束矿床成因类型。结果表明,该矿床中闪锌矿主要存在两个世代:第一世代闪锌矿(Sp1)呈黑褐色或浅褐色,常与黄铁矿和黄铜矿共生,相对富集Fe、Mn、Cd、Cu和In;第二世代闪锌矿(Sp2)呈黄褐色或暗褐色,与大量方铅矿共生,裂隙被它形黄铁矿和碳酸盐充填,相对富集Co、Ge、Sn和Pb。闪锌矿中主要富集的元素为Fe、Co和In,其中Fe、Mn、Cd、Co和In等元素基本是以类质同象的形式赋存在闪锌矿的矿物晶格中,而Ag、Sb、Cu和Pb可能是以子矿物或显微包裹体的形式赋存。此外,Zn/Cd、Zn/Fe和Ga/In比值以及Fe温度计指示闪锌矿形成于中低温(沉淀时流体温度为229~259 ℃)和低硫逸度(lgƒ(S₂)=-12.0~-10.1)的环境下,由成矿阶段II (Sp1 到成矿阶段Ⅲ (Sp2其成矿温度可能发生了显著变化,结合面扫描分析结果,指示闪锌矿从核部到边缘温度逐渐降低。通过与国内外典型铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素特征对比,结合本矿床闪锌矿中低的Ga/In和Ge/In比值及Ge含量的特征,指示蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床成矿过程有岩浆活动的参与。综合认为蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床可能属于岩浆期后热液蚀变岩型和脉型矿床。

关键词: 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床, 闪锌矿微量元素, LA-ICP-MS, 面扫描, 矿床成因

Abstract:

The Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn deposit is an important Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit in the Xiong’ershan area, Western Henan.The orebodies are identified as mainly occurring in the altered fractures and fault zones, and the metallogenesis of the deposit is associated with magmatic intrusions.Previous studies on this deposit mainly focuses on geochronology and isotopic geochemistry, constraining the ore-forming age and tracing ore-forming materials.Few studies focus on interpreting the mineralization processes from a mineralogy perspective.In this study, we studied the mineralogy, major and trace elements of different types of sphalerite, using EPMA and in situ LA-ICP-MS techniques, with an aim to invert the ore-forming physicochemical conditions and to constrain the genetic types of the deposit.Our study identified two types of sphalerites in this deposit.Sphalerite I contains higher Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, and In contents, with a dark or light brown color, and is mostly associated with pyrite and chalcopyrite occurrence.Sphalerite II is relatively enriched in Co, Ge, Sn, and Pb contents, with a yellowish or dark brown color, and predominantly coexists with galena, and the fractures of sphalerite II are usually infilled by pyrite and carbonate grains.Sphalerite was investigated to have a considerable Fe, Co, and In contents, and Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, and In basically occur as substitutions in the crystal, but Ag, Sb, Cu, and Pb minerals present as mineral inclusions within the sphalerite.Moreover, the trace elements, element ratios (Zn/Cd, Zn/Fe, and Ga/In), and combined with the geothermometric result indicate a low to medium temperature (229-259 ℃ of the ore-forming fluid) and low sulfur fugacity (lgƒ(S₂)=-12.0--10.1) mineralized environment and the mineralization temperature may have changed significantly from stage II (Sp1) to stage III (Sp2), and the formation temperature of sphalerite grain gradually decreases from the core to the edge based on the elemental mapping analysis.Comparisons with the previous studies on sphalerite from typical Pb-Zn deposits, the low Ga/In and Ge/In ratios, as well as the low Ge content, indicated that this deposit has a close relationship with the magmatic hydrothermalism.Based on those evidence, we propose that the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit may belong to the post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration rock type and vein type deposit.

Key words: Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, trace element in sphalerite, LA-ICP-MS, oregenesis

中图分类号:

P611
P618.2

刘金波, 张德贤, 胡子奇, 陈绍炜, 谢小雨. 豫西熊耳山蒿坪沟Ag-Au-Pb-Zn多金属矿床闪锌矿矿物学和微量元素组成特征及其成矿启示[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(01): 198-213.

LIU Jinbo, ZHANG Dexian, HU Ziqi, CHEN Shaowei, XIE Xiaoyu. Mineralogy, Trace Element Chemistry, and Their Metallogenic Implications of Sphalerites from the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit, Xiong’ershan Area, Western Henan[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(01): 198-213.

图/表 9

图1 东秦岭区域大断裂分布图(a)和熊耳山区域地质简图(b)(底图据文献[3,31,45⇓-47]修改)

Fig.1 Geological sketch of East Qinling showing the distribution of major faults associated with the deposit (a) and regional geological map of the Xiong’ershan area (b) (modified after refs.[3,31,45⇓-47])

图2 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床地质简图(a)和矿区第16号勘探线剖面图(b)(据文献[9,30]修改)

Fig.2 Geological map of the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit (a) and geologic cross section of the No.16 exploration line in the deposit (b) (modified after refs.[9,30])

图3 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床矿体、矿石和矿相学照片 (a)从矿体边缘至中心依次为黄铁绢英岩(阶段Ⅰ)→石英脉含早期少量铅锌矿化(阶段Ⅱ)→晚期高品位的石英-铅锌矿化(阶段Ⅲ);(b) 黄铁矿和铅锌矿体呈团簇状发育于石英脉;(c) 较宽石英脉内发育闪锌矿和黄铁矿,边缘发育铬云母化;(d) 分带的石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-闪锌矿矿石;(e) 团簇状的棕褐色闪锌矿和浸染状的黄铁矿矿石;(f) 块状石英-铅锌矿矿石,闪锌矿呈浅黄褐色;(g) 第一世代闪锌矿的黄铜矿“病毒”结构,与黄铁矿和方铅矿共生,反射光;(h) 第一世代含乳滴状黄铜矿的闪锌矿与黄铁矿被方铅矿沿边缘交代,反射光;(i) 赋存在碳酸盐矿物中第一世代闪锌矿被网脉状方铅矿交代,背散射;(j) 第二世代团块状闪锌矿与方铅矿共生,反射光;(k) 第二世代暗褐色闪锌矿裂隙被石英与晚期方解石脉充填,内反射;(l) 黄铁矿和细脉状方铅矿集合体赋存于含裂隙的第二世代闪锌矿中,背散射;Sp1.第一世代闪锌矿;Sp2.第二世代闪锌矿;Py.黄铁矿;Gn.方铅矿;Ccp.黄铜矿;Fu.铬云母;Qz.石英;Cal.方解石

Fig.3 Occurrence of the orebodies, ore pictures, and relative micrographs in the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit

图4 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床闪锌矿电子探针和LA-ICP-MS显微照片 (a)(b)第一世代和第二世代闪锌矿电子探针和LA-ICP-MS测试点位背散射图片;(c)(d)第一世代和第二世代闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS测试点位镜下照片,第一世代闪锌矿见明显的微细粒黄铜矿颗粒出溶;Sp1.第一世代闪锌矿;Sp2.第二世代闪锌矿; Gn.方铅矿;Ccp.黄铜矿; Cal.方解石

Fig.4 Photomicrographs of sphalerite samples analyzed by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS in the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit

图5 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床两个世代闪锌矿电子探针主量元素(Zn与Fe)和LA-ICP-MS微量元素(Mn、Co、Cd、Cu、Ga、Ge、In、Sn、Ag、Pb和Bi)含量箱型图

Fig.5 Box-and-whisker plots of the EPMA major and LA-ICP-MS trace element compositions of sphalerite from the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, grouped into two sphalerite types

图6 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS时间分辨率图 (a)第一世代闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS测试点(HPG-025-4)时间分辨率图;(b)第二世代闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS测试点 (HPG-016-1)时间分辨率图

Fig.6 Time-resolved LA-ICP-MS depth profiles of sphalerite in the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit

图7 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床第一世代闪锌矿(Sp1)LA-ICP-MS面扫描元素分布(图中色标示元素含量,单位10-6) (a)含细粒“黄铜矿”出溶的闪锌矿颗粒反射光显微照片;(b)—(o)不同元素LA-ICP-MS面扫描图像; Sp1.第一世代闪锌矿;Py.黄铁矿;Ccp.黄铜矿

Fig.7 LA-ICP-MS elemental maps showing the distribution of selected elements in sphalerite I from the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit

图8 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床及其他类型铅锌矿床中闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素相关性图解(MVT型、SEDEX型、热液型、矽卡岩型和VMS型矿床数据据文献[15,22-23])

Fig.8 Correlation diagrams showing the distribution and variations of trace element concentrations in sphalerite from the Hao-pinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit comparing with other type of Pb-Zn deposits (The MVT, SEDEX, Epithermal, Skarn and VMS deposits dataset is from refs.[15,22-23])

图9 蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床闪锌矿(Ga+Ge)-(In+Se+Te)-Ag三角图解(底图据文献[21,57],MVT、SEDEX、VMS、矽卡岩型等类型矿床闪锌矿数据据文献[15,22-23])

Fig.9 (Ga+Ge)-(In+Se+Te)-Ag triangular diagram forsphalerite, cited from [21,57] (The MVT, SEDEX, VMS and Skarn deposits dataset is from [15,22-23])

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豫西熊耳山蒿坪沟Ag-Au-Pb-Zn多金属矿床闪锌矿矿物学和微量元素组成特征及其成矿启示

Mineralogy, Trace Element Chemistry, and Their Metallogenic Implications of Sphalerites from the Haopinggou Ag-Au-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit, Xiong’ershan Area, Western Henan

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