云南普朗铜矿含矿石英流体包裹体特征及对成矿作用的指示

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.114

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 云南普朗铜矿床位于滇西北迪庆藏族自治州东部,产于晚三叠世石英闪长玢岩-石英二长斑岩-花岗闪长斑岩复式岩体内。由于对普朗斑岩型铜矿床首采区北矿段含矿流体的研究十分薄弱,制约了成矿系统的认识。本文对矿区首采区北矿段(20-44线)含矿石英流体包裹体进行了岩相学观察、均一温度测试和激光拉曼探针成分分析。结果显示,普朗铜矿床首采区北矿段含矿石英脉广泛发育气液两相包裹体和含子晶三相包裹体,子晶种类主要有石盐、钾盐、方解石、黄铜矿等。流体包裹体具有高盐度和中-低盐度两种类型,其中高盐度流体包裹体的均一温度范围是243~418 ℃,平均338 ℃,均一压力范围1008~1552 MPa,平均1178 MPa,盐度是30.1%~49.7%,平均36.6%,密度0.89~1.16 g/cm³,平均1.02 g/cm³;中-低盐度均一温度范围是317~438 ℃,平均392 ℃,均一压力范围是370~559 MPa,平均464 MPa,盐度是5.7%~13.0%,平均9.3%,密度0.55~0.77 g/cm³,平均0.66 g/cm³。分析认为,普朗铜矿首采区北矿段的成矿流体未发生明显的沸腾现象,指示该区域并非成矿中心。激光拉曼光谱显示,包裹体气相成分含有CH₄、H₂O和SO₂,指示早期的成矿流体可能处于还原性环境。高盐度中密度流体的温度和压力降低以及岩浆流体混合作用共同导致了普朗铜矿首采区北矿段脉状和浸染状矿化的形成。

关键词: 斑岩型铜矿, 石英, 流体包裹体, 成矿流体, 普朗, 滇西北

Abstract:

The Pulang copper deposit is located in the eastern part of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in northwest Yunnan. It occurs in the Late Triassic quartz diorite porphyry quartz diorite porphyry granite diorite porphyry complex. Due to the extremely weak research on the ore-bearing fluids in the northern mining section of the first mining area of the Pulang porphyry copper deposit, the understanding of the ore-forming system has been restricted.This article conducts petrographic observations, uniform temperature tests, and laser Raman probe composition analysis on fluid inclusions of ore bearing quartz fluids in the northern part(line 20-44) of the first mining area of the mining area. The results show that the ore bearing quartz veins in the northern part of the first mining area of the Pulang copper deposit are widely developed with gas-liquid two-phase inclusions and three-phase inclusions containing daughter crystals. The types of daughter crystals mainly include rock salt, potassium salt, calcite, chalcopyrite, etc. Fluid inclusions have two types: high salinity and medium low salinity. The uniform temperature range of high salinity fluid inclusions is 243-418 ℃, with an average of 338 ℃, a uniform pressure range of 1008-1552 MPa, and an average of 1178 MPa; The salinity is 30.1%-49.7%, with an average of 36.6%; The density ranges is 0.89-1.16 g/cm³, with an average of 1.02 g/cm³; The uniform temperature range of medium low salinity is 317-438 ℃, with an average of 392 ℃; The uniform pressure range is 370-559 MPa, with an average of 464 MPa. The salinity is 5.7%-13.0%, with an average of 9.3%; The density ranges is 0.55-0.77 g/cm³, with an average of 0.66 g/cm³. Based on analysis, it is believed that the ore-forming fluid in the northern part of the first mining area of the Pulang Copper Mine did not experience significant boiling, indicating that the area is not the ore-forming center. The laser Raman spectroscopy show that the gas phase composition of the inclusion contains CH₄, H₂O, and SO₂, indicating that the early ore-forming fluids may have been in a reducing environment. The decrease in temperature and pressure of high salinity medium density fluids, as well as the mixing effect of magmatic fluids, jointly led to the formation of vein like and disseminated mineralization in the northern area of the first mining area of the Pulang copper mine.

Key words: porphyry copper deposit, quartz, fluid inclusion, ore-forming fluid, Pulang, nothwestern Yunnan

中图分类号:

沙有财, 舒华伟, 董桥峰, 唐思宇, 胡明川, 尹俊, 蹇龙, 李莹, 李静婷. 云南普朗铜矿含矿石英流体包裹体特征及对成矿作用的指示[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(03): 681-695.

SHA Youcai, SHU Huawei, DONG Qiaofeng, TANG Siyu, HU Mingchuan, YIN Jun, JIAN Long, LI Ying, LI Jingting. Characteristics of Quartz Fluid Inclusions Containing Ore and Its Mineralization Indications in the Pulang Copper Deposit, Yunnan, China[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(03): 681-695.

图/表 10

图1 普朗铜矿床大地构造位置(a)[1,2]和矿区地质图(b)[20] 1.第四系;2.图姆沟组二段一层;3.图姆沟组二段二层;4.图姆沟组一段;5.尼汝组二段;6.角岩(化)带;7.石英二长斑岩;8.石英闪长玢岩;9.石英闪长玢岩(脉)(喜山期)10.花岗闪长斑岩;11.工业/低品位铜矿体;12.断层线及编号;13.矿区范围;14.勘探线及编号;15.岩体编号;16.角岩(化)带界线;17.铜矿床;18.铜钼矿床;19.铜金矿床;20.金铅锌银多金属矿床;21.义敦岛弧带;22.新生代铜金矿带;23.中生代盆地;24.新生代盆地;25.取样钻孔位置及编号;26.本次研究区;27.取样位置及样品编号

Fig.1 Geological map of tectonic position(a) and mining area(b) of Pulang copper deposit

图2 普朗铜矿床22线(a)、28线(b)横剖面图[21] 1.第四系;2.石英二长斑岩;3.石英闪长玢岩;4.工业品位铜矿体及编号;5.低品位铜矿体及编号;6.角岩(化)带;7.钻孔及编号;8.地质界限;9.取样位置及样品编号

Fig.2 Cross sectional view of the 22(a) and 28(b) lines of the Pulang copper deposit

表1 云南普朗斑岩型铜矿床首采区北矿段含矿石英流体包裹体样品信息

Table1 Fluid inclusion sampling information table of northern region of the Pulang Cu deposit

序号	样品编号	成矿阶段	矿石类型	取样工程	取样位置
序号	样品编号	成矿阶段	矿石类型	取样工程	取样深度(m)	矿体(KT1)
1	PLBGT-4	黄铁矿+黄铜矿+石英脉阶段(Ⅰ阶段)	石英二长斑岩型铜矿石(细脉浸染状)	ZK2604	520.24	低品位矿体
2	PLBGT-5		石英二长斑岩型铜矿石(脉状)	ZK2604	590.29	工业矿体
3	PLBGT-6		石英二长斑岩型铜矿石(脉状)	ZK2604	126.85	低品位矿体
4	PLBGT-7		石英二长斑岩型铜矿石(细脉浸染状)	ZK2604	155.65	低品位矿体
5	PLBGT-11		二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状、浸染状)	ZK2205	344.30	低品位矿体
6	PLBGT-3	黄铜矿+黄铁矿+磁黄铁矿+石英阶段(Ⅱ阶段)	石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状、浸染状)	ZK2604	512.84	低品位矿体
7	PLBGT-10	黄铜矿+黄铁矿+磁黄铁矿+石英阶段(Ⅱ阶段)	石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状)	ZK2203	348.00	工业矿体
8	PLBGT-1	辉钼矿+黄铜矿+黄铁矿+磁黄铁矿+石英脉阶段(Ⅲ阶段)	石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状)	ZK2803	430.07	低品位矿体
9	PLBGT-2		石英闪长玢岩铜矿石(脉状、浸染状)	ZK2803	446.25	低品位矿体
10	PLBGT-9		石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状、浸染状)	ZK2203	304.60	工业矿体
11	PLBGT-12		石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状、浸染状)	ZK3003	477.90	低品位矿体

图3 普朗铜矿床首采区北矿段含矿石英脉及流体包裹体显微照片 (a)含黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、辉钼矿石英脉;(b)含黄铁矿、黄铜矿石英脉;(c)含黄铜矿石英脉;(d)含黄铁矿、黄铜矿、辉钼矿石英脉;(e)含黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿石英脉;(f)含石盐子晶包裹体气液两相包裹体;(g)含石盐子晶包裹体气液两相包裹体;(h)气液两相包裹体;(i)含黄铜矿子晶气液两相包裹体;(j)气液两相包裹体;(k)含黄铜矿子晶气液两相包裹体;(l)气液两相包裹体;L.包裹体水溶液;V.包裹体气相;Hal.石盐子晶;Ccp.黄铜矿子晶

Fig.3 Ore bearing quartz veins and microscopic photographs of fluid inclusions in the northern region of the Pulang Cu deposit

表3 普朗铜矿床北部地区含矿石英流体包裹体显微测温结果

Table 3 Microthermometric data of the fluid inclusions in the quartz veins in northern region of Pulang Cu deposit

图4 普朗铜矿床北部地区不同成矿阶段含矿石英流体包裹体均一温度和盐度直方图

Fig.4 Histogram of homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions of different stages in northern region of the Pulang Cu deposit

图5 普朗铜矿北部地区含矿石英典型流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱图 (a)Ⅲ阶段石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状)Ⅰ型包裹体;(b)Ⅰ阶段石英二长斑岩型铜矿石(脉状)Ⅰ型包裹体;(c)Ⅲ阶段石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状、浸染状)Ⅰ型包裹体;(d)Ⅲ阶段石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状、浸染状)Ⅰ型包裹体;(e)Ⅱ阶段石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状)Ⅰ型包裹体;(f)Ⅱ阶段石英二长斑岩铜矿石(脉状)Ⅲ型包裹体

Fig.5 Laser Raman Spectroscopy of typical fluid inclusions of ore bearing quartz in the northern region of Pulang Cu deposit

表2 普朗斑岩铜矿床北部地区含矿石英脉的流体包裹体特征

Table 2 Characteristics of fluid inclusions in quartz veins in northern region of Pulang Cu deposit

类型	个体形态	大小(μm×μm)	分布状态	气液比(%)
Ⅰ型	椭圆状、近圆状、菱状、不规则状	3×4~15×10	群状、孤立状	5~15
Ⅱ型	浑圆状	8×15	独立状	55
Ⅲ型	不规则状、菱状、长条状	3×4~11×10	群状	5~20

图6 普朗铜矿床北部地区含矿石英流体包裹体T-W相图(底图据卢焕章[22])

Fig.6 T-W phase diagram of ore bearing quartz fluid inclusions in the northern region of the Pulang copper deposit

图7 普朗铜矿床首采区北矿段与首采区流体包裹体T-W对比相图(底图据卢焕章[22])

Fig.7 Comparison phase diagram of fluid inclusions T-W between the northern region deposit and the first mining area of Pulang copper

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