祁连山冻土区DK-9孔温度监测及天然气水合物稳定带厚度

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

祁连山冻土区木里盆地三露天井田自2008年首次钻采到天然气水合物实物样品以来,实现了中低纬度高山冻土区天然气水合物勘探的重大突破。天然气水合物钻孔DK-9于2013年发现水合物,通过对该孔长期地温实时监测,获得了稳态的地温数据。结果表明,祁连山多年冻土区聚乎更矿区三露天井田冻土层底界为约163 m,冻土层的厚度达约160 m,冻土层内的地温梯度为1.38 ℃ /100 m,冻土层以下的地温梯度达4.85 ℃/100 m。根据天然气水合物形成的温-压条件分析,聚乎更矿区具备较好的天然气水合物形成条件,天然气水合物稳定带底界深度处于510~617 m之间。

关键词: 天然气水合物, 温度监测, 地温梯度, 水合物稳定带, 祁连山

Abstract:

Gas hydrate was discovered in 2008 in the Sanlutian coalfield, Qilian Mountain permafrost, Northwest China. This discovery was first successfully sampled by drilling in mid-low-latitudes mountain permafrost, and was a breakthrough in gas hydrate exploration in onshore regions of China. Temperature monitoring for gas hydrate scientific borehole DK-9, one of boreholes in the Sanlutian coalfield in which gas hydrate was discovered, yielded steady ground temperature data for both in and beneath permafrost layer for one year. The results suggest that the thickness of permafrost in the Sanlutian coalfield is about 160 m and that the geothermal gradient is 1.38 ℃/100 m in the permafrost layer and 4.85 ℃/100 m below the permafrost layer. Analysis of the gas hydrate stability conditions indicate that the permafrost conditions and gas components are favorable for gas hydrate formation, and the maximum depth of the gas hydrate stability zone(GHSZ)in the Sanlutian coalfield is 510-617 m.

Key words: gas hydrate, geothermal gradient, gas hydrate stability zone, Qilian Mountain

中图分类号:

王超群, 丁莹莹, 胡道功, 戚帮申, 张耀玲, 陶涛, 吴环环. 祁连山冻土区DK-9孔温度监测及天然气水合物稳定带厚度[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(01): 158-166.

WANG Chaoqun, DING Yingying, HU Daogong, QI Bangshen, ZHANG Yaoling, TAO Tao, WU Huanhuan. Temperature Monitoring Results for Gas Hydrate Borehole DK-9 and Thickness of Gas Hydrate Stability Zone in the Qilian Mountains Permafrost[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(01): 158-166.

图/表 7

图1 (A)祁连山构造纲要图(据文献[27-28,33]修编);(B)三露天煤矿及邻区地质简图(据文献[38]修编)

Fig.1 (A) Tectonic assemblages of the Qilian Mountain; (B) Simplified geological map of the Sanloutian coalfield and the adjacent region

图2 (A)DK-9孔温度监测系统示意图;(B) DK-9孔温度监测传感器铂热电阻传感器;(C)铂热电阻传感器的电阻值和测量温度线性关系;(D)传感器的标定试验结果

Fig.2 (A)Temperature-monitoring system used in borehole DK-9;(B)PT100 platinum thermistor sensor used for temperature monitoring in borehole DK-9;(C)The resistance value of the platinum thermistor sensor changes linearly with temperature;(D)Calibration results of temperature-monitoring sensors

图3 DK-9孔中不同深度段的时间和温度关系

Fig.3 Temperature versus time for different depths in gas hydrate borehole DK-9

表1 DK-9孔温度监测结果

Table 1 Temperature-monitoring results of gas hydrate borehole DK-9

传感器	深度 /m	月均温 /℃												年均温/℃
传感器	深度 /m	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月	年均温/℃
1	0.5	-14.92	-13.72	-8.38	-2.82	-0.80	0.66	4.80	7.98	3.96	-0.74	-3.79	-11.20	-3.30
2	0.7	-13.44	-13.11	-8.68	-3.59	-1.55	-0.77	3.23	5.00	2.10	-0.65	-2.51	-9.26	-3.36
3	3.3	-4.24	-6.91	-6.99	-5.05	-3.40	-2.36	-1.53	-1.11	-0.61	-0.64	-0.70	-0.67	-2.76
4	5.3	-1.42	-3.38	-4.59	-4.27	-3.47	-2.98	-1.89	-1.46	-1.17	-0.97	-0.85	-0.74	-2.21
5	10.3	-1.15	-1.26	-1.67	-2.08	-2.26	-2.33	-2.18	-1.98	-1.77	-1.61	-1.44	-1.27	-1.75
6	10.7	-1.11	-1.19	-1.54	-1.92	-2.12	-2.20	-2.11	-1.93	-1.74	-1.56	-1.40	-1.24	-1.67
7	30.3	-1.42	-1.45	-1.49	-1.51	-1.52	-1.53	-1.54	-1.55	-1.54	-1.52	-1.50	-1.45	-1.50
8	40.7	-1.47	-1.50	-1.53	-1.56	-1.56	-1.56	-1.59	-1.59	-1.58	-1.56	-1.54	-1.50	-1.55
9	50.7	-1.28	-1.30	-1.34	-1.36	-1.37	-1.38	-1.40	-1.41	-1.40	-1.38	-1.35	-1.31	-1.36
10	60.7	-1.58	-1.60	-1.65	-1.67	-1.68	-1.69	-1.71	-1.72	-1.71	-1.68	-1.65	-1.61	-1.66
11	70.7	-1.33	-1.36	-1.40	-1.42	-1.41	-1.41	-1.44	-1.45	-1.45	-1.42	-1.40	-1.36	-1.41
12	80.7	-1.22	-1.25	-1.29	-1.22	-1.19	-1.24	-1.31	-1.33	-1.32	-1.31	-1.29	-1.25	-1.27
13	90.7	-0.51	-0.53	-0.57	-0.56	-0.54	-0.55	-0.58	-0.60	-0.59	-0.58	-0.56	-0.53	-0.56
14	110.0	-0.53	-0.56	-0.60	-0.62	-0.61	-0.62	-0.64	-0.65	-0.64	-0.62	-0.60	-0.56	-0.61
15	210.0	2.85	2.83	2.78	2.74	2.74	2.73	2.71	2.71	2.72	2.74	2.77	2.82	2.76
16	310.0	-	-	-	6.12	6.11	6.11	6.10	-	-	-	-	-	6.11
17	410.0	12.55	12.52	12.46	12.43	12.44	12.44	12.42	12.40	12.41	12.44	12.46	12.52	12.46

图4 DK-9孔0~45 m月均温度和深度的关系以及活动层特征

Fig.4 The monthly average temperature versus deepness (at 0-45 m) and the characteristic of active layer in gas hydrate borehole DK-9

图5 DK-9孔0~450 m月均温度和深度的关系及冻土层和冻土层以下的地温梯度

Fig.5 The monthly average temperature versus deepness(0-450 m) and geothermal gradient in gas hydrate borehole DK-9

图6 祁连山冻土区基于温度监测和实测天然气水合物气体组分的天然气水合物稳定带

Fig.6 Gas hydrate stability zone based on temperature monitoring and measurement of gas hydrate components in Qilian Mountain permafrost

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