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现代地质 ›› 2017, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (05): 956-964.

• 川藏铁路沿线重大地质灾害与工程地质问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

川藏铁路加查—朗县段地质灾害发育特征研究

吴瑞安1,2(), 郭长宝1,2(), 杜宇本3, 王珂1, 杜国梁1,2   

  1. 1.中国地质科学院 地质力学研究所,北京 100081
    2.国土资源部新构造运动与地质灾害重点实验室,北京 100081
    3.中国中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川 成都 610031
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-12 修回日期:2017-05-10 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-11-06
  • 通讯作者: 郭长宝,男,博士,副研究员,1980年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事工程地质与地质灾害方面的研究。Email: guochangbao@163.com。
  • 作者简介:吴瑞安,男,博士研究生,1991年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事工程地质与地质灾害方面的研究。Email:wuruian1991@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局项目(12120113038000);国家自然科学基金项目(41402321);中铁二院科研计划(二院科字201303)

Research on Geohazard Developing Characteristics in Jiacha to Langxian Section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway

WU Rui’an1,2(), GUO Changbao1,2(), DU Yuben3, WANG Ke1, DU Guoliang1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100081, China
    3. China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
  • Received:2016-10-12 Revised:2017-05-10 Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-11-06

摘要:

川藏铁路加查至朗县段位于青藏高原东南部雅鲁藏布江中游,地形地貌复杂、构造活动强烈,是我国地质灾害高易发区,崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等地质灾害发育密度大、危害严重。在资料收集和遥感解译的基础上,对川藏铁路加查—朗县段的地质灾害进行野外调查,在铁路线两侧各5 km约780 km2范围内发现了崩塌、滑坡和泥石流共139处,沿雅鲁藏布江断裂带新发现拉岗村高速远程滑坡和日阿莫大型滑坡,并研究了该区地质灾害的发育特征和形成机理。调查结果表明:在雅鲁藏布江断裂对区域地貌和岩体结构控制作用下,崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害沿断裂带呈带状密集分布是该区地质灾害发育分布的主要特征之一,约有53%的崩塌滑坡滑动方向垂直于断裂走向,30%的崩塌滑坡与断裂带走向近于平行;在地壳强烈隆升和河流侵蚀作用下,雅鲁藏布江宽谷段和峡谷段的地质灾害发育特征具有明显差异;断裂活动特别是断裂剧烈活动诱发地震导致该区具有高速远程滑坡发生的背景,如拉岗村高速远程滑坡;在断裂活动、降雨、人类工程活动等内外动力耦合作用下该区地质灾害形成机理更加复杂,部分滑坡稳定性差且多次发生活动,给该区重大工程规划建设和防灾减灾造成重要影响。

关键词: 川藏铁路, 雅鲁藏布江断裂, 地质灾害, 发育特征, 高速远程滑坡

Abstract:

The Jiacha to Langxian section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway is located in the middle reach of the Yarlung Zangbo river in the southeast of the Tibetan plateau. It is one of the regions in China suffering from serious geological hazards, where topography is complex; tectonic activities are intense as well as high density geohazards develop in this area. On the basis of data collection and remote sensing, this study made a survey of geohazards in Jiacha to Langxian section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and investigated 139 geohazard spots including landslides, collapses and mudslides five kilometers from railway on both sides in an area of 780 km2. This study also discovered a high-speed and long-runout landslide in Lagangcun and Ri’amo large landslide along the Yarlung Zangbo river. The geohazard developing characteristics and formation mechanism are analyzed in this paper. Research results show that Yarlung Zangbo fault has definite control action on the morphology and rock mass structure, resulting in landslides and collapses zonally distributed along the fault, and that is one of the main geohazard developing characteristics in the study area, and the sliding directions of about 53% of collapses and landslides are perpendicular to the strike of the Yarlung Zangbo fault, while about 30% are parallel to the fault. Under the influence of rapid uplift of the crust and river erosion, developing characteristics of geohazards have remarkable differences between open valley and canyon along Yarlung Zangbo river. Fault activities, especially earthquakes induced by the violent activities of faults offer geological background for high-speed and long-runout landslides, i.e.high-speed and long-runout landslide in Lagang. The coupling effects of endogenic and exogenic process, containing fault activities, rainfall and engineering activities, make the formation mechanism of geohazards more complex, and some landslides in bad stability can be reactive repeatedly, imposing a negative influence on planning construction of major projects, and the prevention and reduction of geohazards.

Key words: Sichuan-Tibet Railway, Yarlung Zangbo fault zone, geohazard, developing characteristic, high-speed and long-runout landslide

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