西藏玛依岗日地区辉长岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西藏玛依岗日地区侵入脉岩为辉长岩,通过采集辉长岩样品,观察显微照片,并进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素含量测试。结果表明:Na₂O与K₂O含量变化范围不大,全碱(K₂O+Na₂O)含量为1.86%~4.11%,样品K₂O/Na₂O值的范围为0.25~0.66。岩石富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土,铕无正负异常。总体富集Hf、La、Nd、Ti,亏损P、Yb、Y等元素。地球化学特征表明其形成于陆内裂谷环境,岩浆来源于富集地幔,受到硅铝质地壳物质的混染。结合辉长岩围岩为晚石炭世—早二叠世浅变质岩系以及早二叠世晚期之后的地层中不发育岩墙群的事实,而且根据前人对藏北羌塘南部地区基性岩墙群为晚石炭世—早二叠世的年龄约束,推断研究区内南北向辉长岩可能为古特提斯洋拉张初期的产物。

关键词: 玛依岗日, 辉长岩, 地球化学, 西藏

Abstract:

The intrusive dikes in Mayigangri area of Tibet are gabbros. Based on the micrograph of the gabbrosamples, the contents of major elements, trace elements and REEs are measured. The results show that the rocks are characterized by an enrichment of LREE, and a depletion of HREE. There is no positive or negative Eu anomaly. The gabbro are enriched in Hf, La, Nd and Ti, and are depleted in P, Yb, Y and other elements. The geochemical features indicate that the gabbros are generated in an intracontinental rift environment; and the magma is derived from enriched mantle with a contamination of salic crust materials. Combined with the fact that gabbro surrounding rocks are Late Paleozoic low metamorphic rock series and undeveloped dike swarms in strata after late Early Permian, and based on the age restrictions that the basic dike swarms in south part of northern Qiangtang is formed from Late Carboniferous to Early Permian by the predecessors, it is deduced that the gabbro is the product that paleo-Tethys ocean in this region opened initially.

Key words: Mayigangri, gabbro, geochemistry, Tibet

中图分类号:

P588

崔玉良, 王根厚, 梁晓. 西藏玛依岗日地区辉长岩地球化学特征及其构造意义[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(02): 258-266.

CUI Yuliang, WANG Genhou, LIANG Xiao. Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Implications of Gabbro in Mayigangri Area, Tibet[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(02): 258-266.

图/表 11

图1 研究区大地构造位置及地质简图(据Liang等[6],2012,有修改) A为青藏高原大地构造背景示意图: Pz2—N.北羌塘晚古生代—新近纪稳定地块沉积; T3—N.南羌塘晚三叠世—新近纪沉积地层;JSS.金沙江缝合带;LSS.龙木错—双湖缝合带;BNS.班公湖—怒江缝合带(方框为图B位置)。B为研究区地质简图:P3-T2.北羌塘晚二叠世—中三叠世沉积地层;N1-2.中新世—上新世陆相沉积地层;ph+ss.晚石炭世—早二叠世千枚岩和变质石英砂岩;ph.晚石炭世—早二叠世粉砂质(泥质)千枚岩;ls.晚石炭世—早二叠世结晶灰岩;P2l.中二叠世碳酸盐岩层;β+ν.玄武岩、变质玄武岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩;ν.辉长岩、辉绿岩;T2-3.中—晚三叠世弧前盆地沉积地层;Q.第四纪河流湖泊相堆积

Fig.1 The tectonic setting and geological sketch map of the study area

图2 玛依岗日地区辉长岩显微照片 Pl. 斜长石;Px. 辉石;Cpx. 单斜辉石;Bt. 黑云母;Am. 角闪石

Fig.2 Micro-photographs of gabbro in the Mayigangri area

表1 玛依岗日地区辉长岩主量元素(wB/%)及微量元素(wB/10-6)分析结果

Table 1 Analysis results of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) of gabbro in the Mayigangri area

样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	FeO	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
M01-1	44.32	12.08	5.16	5.83	11.29	8.74	5.19	1.18	2.52	0.19	0.22	2.97	99.69
M01-2	42.94	11.37	5.48	6.96	11.35	9.60	5.46	0.94	2.26	0.195	0.22	2.98	99.76
M01-3	43.99	11.70	5.47	6.82	10.79	8.92	5.02	1.06	2.50	0.215	0.26	3.01	99.75
M01-4	47.31	12.86	4.38	4.90	9.83	8.72	4.24	0.83	3.29	0.176	0.28	2.93	99.74
M01-5	49.86	11.38	1.60	2.98	6.88	12.34	9.37	0.50	1.36	0.135	0.13	3.19	99.73
M02-1	47.42	12.68	1.29	2.53	6.10	14.06	10.39	0.61	1.32	0.119	0.10	3.13	99.73
M02-2	47.33	14.18	1.35	2.92	5.44	13.40	9.24	0.90	1.70	0.123	0.12	3.09	99.79
M02-3	48.15	11.63	1.36	3.21	5.28	13.03	11.28	0.50	1.82	0.118	0.09	3.28	99.74
M02-4	47.73	12.42	1.98	3.75	7.15	11.69	8.67	1.13	1.84	0.156	0.16	3.07	99.76
M02-5	47.42	13.07	1.77	3.20	6.34	12.14	9.42	1.09	1.65	0.132	0.14	3.40	99.78
样品号	Mg^#	Pb	Li	Rb	Cs	Mo	Sr	Ba	Sc	Nb	Ta	Zr	Hf
M01-1	19.51	3.50	22.18	63.6	43.49	1.09	320.7	439.3	30.28	27.86	1.73	184.9	5.39
M01-2	19.31	3.34	18.58	46.3	75.70	1.13	251.4	323.3	29.45	26.52	1.63	179.1	5.38
M01-3	18.63	4.27	20.82	50.7	72.68	1.25	292.4	426.0	30.51	28.99	1.85	195.6	5.71
M01-4	18.68	4.65	17.20	24.0	42.17	0.93	292.1	445.2	25.52	25.92	1.63	212.2	6.31
M01-5	43.07	16.13	47.46	17.7	2.03	0.67	364.9	281.0	32.82	10.26	0.75	110.4	3.87
M02-1	48.93	5.35	35.10	22.5	9.65	0.38	508.3	193.9	33.59	7.79	0.56	95.8	3.40
M02-2	46.89	4.01	29.81	25.5	5.61	0.42	389.7	230.1	28.40	7.56	0.55	92.7	3.13
M02-3	51.58	13.96	40.86	13.9	9.71	0.61	458.0	206.4	35.84	10.57	0.16	98.4	3.60
M02-4	38.87	15.10	31.06	40.9	13.55	0.57	286.3	292.2	28.67	16.25	1.04	135.4	4.46
M02-5	44.07	6.68	33.73	34.3	10.04	0.42	250.2	397.4	29.40	13.18	0.90	122.0	4.02
样品号	U	Th	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er
M01-1	1.07	5.27	20.69	49.19	6.73	28.87	7.12	2.26	6.57	1.3	6.96	1.28	3.59
M01-2	0.83	3.72	19.72	45.67	6.21	26.96	6.71	2.23	6.15	1.18	6.66	1.24	3.37
M01-3	1.03	4.51	21.35	49.72	6.77	28.82	7.06	2.18	6.53	1.24	7.03	1.29	3.53
M01-4	1.08	4.56	23.69	54.90	7.38	31.82	7.60	2.31	6.79	1.3	7.14	1.3	3.58
M01-5	0.56	2.64	12.71	28.85	3.85	16.65	4.18	1.39	3.78	0.78	4.31	0.8	2.24
M02-1	0.54	2.22	10.09	23.12	3.15	13.76	3.56	1.23	3.17	0.64	3.54	0.65	1.83
M02-2	0.48	1.79	8.41	19.49	2.67	11.80	3.02	1.02	2.65	0.52	2.9	0.53	1.47
M02-3	1.11	2.16	9.52	22.04	3.04	13.18	3.27	1.17	3	0.61	3.43	0.62	1.72
M02-4	0.69	3.22	16.97	38.21	5.24	22.38	5.47	1.72	4.88	0.94	5.25	0.96	2.68
M02-5	0.76	3.06	16.38	36.84	4.90	20.67	5.11	1.71	4.48	0.87	4.79	0.86	2.44
样品号	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y	ΣREE	LREE	HREE	LREE/HREE		(La/Yb)_N		δCe	δEu
M01-1	0.57	3.09	0.65	33.72	138.87	114.86	24.01	4.78		4.80		1.02	0.99
M01-2	0.52	2.78	0.61	31.33	130.01	107.50	22.51	4.77		5.09		1.00	1.04
M01-3	0.57	3.09	0.66	32.89	139.84	115.90	23.93	4.84		4.96		1.01	0.97
M01-4	0.55	3.02	0.64	33.87	152.02	127.70	24.32	5.25		5.63		1.01	0.96
M01-5	0.34	1.89	0.36	20.5	82.13	67.62	14.51	4.66		4.83		1.00	1.05
M02-1	0.28	1.48	0.3	16.36	66.81	54.92	11.89	4.62		4.89		1.00	1.09
M02-2	0.23	1.17	0.24	13.36	56.13	46.41	9.72	4.77		5.14		1.00	1.08
M02-3	0.28	1.45	0.29	15.66	63.63	52.22	11.41	4.58		4.70		1.00	1.12
M02-4	0.43	2.26	0.49	23.85	107.87	89.99	17.89	5.03		5.39		0.99	1.00
M02-5	0.38	2.08	0.43	21.99	101.95	85.61	16.34	5.24		5.66		1.00	1.06

表1 玛依岗日地区辉长岩主量元素(wB/%)及微量元素(wB/10-6)分析结果

Table 1 Analysis results of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) of gabbro in the Mayigangri area

样品号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	FeO	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
M01-1	44.32	12.08	5.16	5.83	11.29	8.74	5.19	1.18	2.52	0.19	0.22	2.97	99.69
M01-2	42.94	11.37	5.48	6.96	11.35	9.60	5.46	0.94	2.26	0.195	0.22	2.98	99.76
M01-3	43.99	11.70	5.47	6.82	10.79	8.92	5.02	1.06	2.50	0.215	0.26	3.01	99.75
M01-4	47.31	12.86	4.38	4.90	9.83	8.72	4.24	0.83	3.29	0.176	0.28	2.93	99.74
M01-5	49.86	11.38	1.60	2.98	6.88	12.34	9.37	0.50	1.36	0.135	0.13	3.19	99.73
M02-1	47.42	12.68	1.29	2.53	6.10	14.06	10.39	0.61	1.32	0.119	0.10	3.13	99.73
M02-2	47.33	14.18	1.35	2.92	5.44	13.40	9.24	0.90	1.70	0.123	0.12	3.09	99.79
M02-3	48.15	11.63	1.36	3.21	5.28	13.03	11.28	0.50	1.82	0.118	0.09	3.28	99.74
M02-4	47.73	12.42	1.98	3.75	7.15	11.69	8.67	1.13	1.84	0.156	0.16	3.07	99.76
M02-5	47.42	13.07	1.77	3.20	6.34	12.14	9.42	1.09	1.65	0.132	0.14	3.40	99.78
样品号	Mg^#	Pb	Li	Rb	Cs	Mo	Sr	Ba	Sc	Nb	Ta	Zr	Hf
M01-1	19.51	3.50	22.18	63.6	43.49	1.09	320.7	439.3	30.28	27.86	1.73	184.9	5.39
M01-2	19.31	3.34	18.58	46.3	75.70	1.13	251.4	323.3	29.45	26.52	1.63	179.1	5.38
M01-3	18.63	4.27	20.82	50.7	72.68	1.25	292.4	426.0	30.51	28.99	1.85	195.6	5.71
M01-4	18.68	4.65	17.20	24.0	42.17	0.93	292.1	445.2	25.52	25.92	1.63	212.2	6.31
M01-5	43.07	16.13	47.46	17.7	2.03	0.67	364.9	281.0	32.82	10.26	0.75	110.4	3.87
M02-1	48.93	5.35	35.10	22.5	9.65	0.38	508.3	193.9	33.59	7.79	0.56	95.8	3.40
M02-2	46.89	4.01	29.81	25.5	5.61	0.42	389.7	230.1	28.40	7.56	0.55	92.7	3.13
M02-3	51.58	13.96	40.86	13.9	9.71	0.61	458.0	206.4	35.84	10.57	0.16	98.4	3.60
M02-4	38.87	15.10	31.06	40.9	13.55	0.57	286.3	292.2	28.67	16.25	1.04	135.4	4.46
M02-5	44.07	6.68	33.73	34.3	10.04	0.42	250.2	397.4	29.40	13.18	0.90	122.0	4.02
样品号	U	Th	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er
M01-1	1.07	5.27	20.69	49.19	6.73	28.87	7.12	2.26	6.57	1.3	6.96	1.28	3.59
M01-2	0.83	3.72	19.72	45.67	6.21	26.96	6.71	2.23	6.15	1.18	6.66	1.24	3.37
M01-3	1.03	4.51	21.35	49.72	6.77	28.82	7.06	2.18	6.53	1.24	7.03	1.29	3.53
M01-4	1.08	4.56	23.69	54.90	7.38	31.82	7.60	2.31	6.79	1.3	7.14	1.3	3.58
M01-5	0.56	2.64	12.71	28.85	3.85	16.65	4.18	1.39	3.78	0.78	4.31	0.8	2.24
M02-1	0.54	2.22	10.09	23.12	3.15	13.76	3.56	1.23	3.17	0.64	3.54	0.65	1.83
M02-2	0.48	1.79	8.41	19.49	2.67	11.80	3.02	1.02	2.65	0.52	2.9	0.53	1.47
M02-3	1.11	2.16	9.52	22.04	3.04	13.18	3.27	1.17	3	0.61	3.43	0.62	1.72
M02-4	0.69	3.22	16.97	38.21	5.24	22.38	5.47	1.72	4.88	0.94	5.25	0.96	2.68
M02-5	0.76	3.06	16.38	36.84	4.90	20.67	5.11	1.71	4.48	0.87	4.79	0.86	2.44
样品号	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y	ΣREE	LREE	HREE	LREE/HREE		(La/Yb)_N		δCe	δEu
M01-1	0.57	3.09	0.65	33.72	138.87	114.86	24.01	4.78		4.80		1.02	0.99
M01-2	0.52	2.78	0.61	31.33	130.01	107.50	22.51	4.77		5.09		1.00	1.04
M01-3	0.57	3.09	0.66	32.89	139.84	115.90	23.93	4.84		4.96		1.01	0.97
M01-4	0.55	3.02	0.64	33.87	152.02	127.70	24.32	5.25		5.63		1.01	0.96
M01-5	0.34	1.89	0.36	20.5	82.13	67.62	14.51	4.66		4.83		1.00	1.05
M02-1	0.28	1.48	0.3	16.36	66.81	54.92	11.89	4.62		4.89		1.00	1.09
M02-2	0.23	1.17	0.24	13.36	56.13	46.41	9.72	4.77		5.14		1.00	1.08
M02-3	0.28	1.45	0.29	15.66	63.63	52.22	11.41	4.58		4.70		1.00	1.12
M02-4	0.43	2.26	0.49	23.85	107.87	89.99	17.89	5.03		5.39		0.99	1.00
M02-5	0.38	2.08	0.43	21.99	101.95	85.61	16.34	5.24		5.66		1.00	1.06

图3 西藏玛依岗日地区基性岩TAS图解(底图据参考文献[23])

Fig.3 TAS classification diagram for gabbro in the Mayigangri area in Tibet(after reference[23])

图4 西藏玛依岗日地区基性岩K2O-SiO2图解(圆圈为M01样品;方框为M07;底图据参考文献[24])

Fig.4 K2O-SiO2 diagram for gabbro in the Mayigangri area in Tibet(circle is M01; square is M07; after reference[24])

图5 西藏玛依岗日地区基性岩K2O-Na2O图解(圆圈为M01样品;方框为M07样品;底图据参考文献[25])

Fig.5 K2O-Na2O diagram for gabbro in the Mayigangri area in Tibet(circle is M01; square is M07; base map after reference[25])

图6 玛依岗日地区辉长岩稀土元素模式图(球粒陨石标准化值据参考文献[26])

Fig.6 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of gabbro in the Mayigangri area(chondrite data from reference[26])

图7 玛依岗日地区辉长岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(原始地幔标准化值据参考文献[27])

Fig.7 Primitive mantle-normalized REE spider diagram for gabbro in the Mayigangri area(primitive mantle data from reference[27])

图8 西藏玛依岗日地区辉长岩地壳混染判别图解数据来源:原始地幔(PM)、岩石圈地幔(SCLM)[29]据参考文献;UC、MC、LC分别代表上部、中部和下部地壳,据参考文献[34];未受地壳混染(URB)的和受地壳混染(MRB)的Rajmahal玄武岩据参考文献[32];峨眉山高Ti、低Ti玄武岩据参考文献[35];底图据参考文献[33]

Fig.8 Discrimination of crustal contamination for gabbro in the Mayigangri area in Tibet

图9 玛依岗日地区基性岩Zr-Zr/Y图解(底图据参考文献[36])

Fig.9 Zr-Zr/Y diagram for gabbro in the Mayigangri area(base map after reference[36])

图10 玛依岗日地区基性岩Ta/Hf-Th/Hf图解(底图据参考文献[36]) Ⅰ.板块发散边缘N-MORB区;Ⅱ.板块汇聚边缘(Ⅱ1.大洋岛弧玄武岩区;Ⅱ2.陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧玄武岩区);Ⅲ.大洋板内洋岛、海山玄武岩及T-MORB E-MORB区;Ⅳ.大陆板内(Ⅳ1.陆内裂谷及陆缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩区;Ⅳ2.陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩区;Ⅳ3.大陆拉张带(或初始裂谷)玄武岩区);Ⅴ.地幔热柱玄武岩区

Fig.10 Ta/Hf-Th/H diagram for gabbro in the Mayigangri area(base map after reference[36])

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