塔里木盆地寒武纪构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化

现代地质 ›› 2017, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (01): 102-118.

塔里木盆地寒武纪构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化

高华华¹(), 何登发²(), 童晓光³, 温志新¹, 王兆明¹

1.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院,北京 100083
3.中国石油天然气勘探开发公司,北京 100034

收稿日期:2016-03-17 修回日期:2016-09-20 出版日期:2017-02-10 发布日期:2017-03-16
通讯作者: 何登发,男,教授,博士生导师,1967年出生,构造地质学专业,主要从事含油气盆地构造研究。Email:hedengfa282@263.net。
作者简介:高华华,男,博士研究生,1989年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事含油气盆地分析及资源评价研究。Email:gaohuacugb@126.com。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB201101);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(1212011220761);国家重大科技专项“全球油气资源评价与选区选带研究”(2016ZX05029)

Tectonic-depositional Environment and Proto-type Basin Evolution of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

GAO Huahua¹(), HE Dengfa²(), TONG Xiaoguang³, WEN Zhixin¹, WANG Zhaoming¹

1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation, Beijing 100034, China

Received:2016-03-17 Revised:2016-09-20 Online:2017-02-10 Published:2017-03-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

寒武系是塔里木盆地当前油气增储上产的重点层系,恢复寒武纪的盆地原型是油气勘探的重要基础。利用最新的钻井、地震及露头资料,以沉积相为研究实体,将盆地充填与周缘构造演化相结合,由点→线→面进行分析,恢复了塔里木盆地寒武纪不同时期的构造-沉积环境,并建立了相应的盆地充填演化模式。塔里木盆地寒武纪经历了一次完整的海侵-海退旋回,包括早寒武世早期快速海侵→中寒武世海退、晚寒武世缓慢海侵→寒武纪末海退两个次级旋回,分别对应沉积演化的2个阶段:塔西克拉通内坳陷早寒武世的碎屑滨岸-陆棚相→局限台地相→中寒武世的蒸发台地相,晚寒武世的局限台地相→寒武纪末期的台地暴露不整合;塔东克拉通边缘坳陷为深水盆地相,经历了硅质泥岩→泥岩与灰岩薄互层→碳酸盐岩的岩相演化。寒武纪塔里木原型盆地特征及演化主要受控于Rodinia超大陆的裂解,其构造-沉积格局经历了由震旦纪末的南北分异格局向中-晚寒武世的东西分异格局的演变。

关键词: 构造-沉积环境, 原型盆地, 寒武纪, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The Cambrian carbonate is the objective exploration strata in the Tarim Basin recently, and the restoration of the proto-type basins is the foundation for the research of the tectonic evolution and petroleum exploration. Based on the newest data of drillings, seismic profiles and outcrops, with the analysis of sedimentary facies and the combination of basins and orogenic belts, this paper reconstructed the Cambrian tectonic-depositional environment of the Tarim Basin and established the models of basin fill processes, by employing the method of “point→line→face”. The Cambrian of the Tarim Basin underwent a complete transgressive-regressive cycle which consisted of two secondary cycles which are the rapid transgression in the early of the Early Cambrian→the regression in the Middle Cambrian and the slow transgression in the Late Cambrian→the regression at the end of the Cambrian. The two secondary cycles responded to the two stages of sedimentary evolution, respectively: the Taxi intra-cratonic depression experienced the evolution from the clastic onshore facies-open shelf facies in the Early Cambrian→the restricted platform facies in the Early Cambrian→the evaporative platform facies in the Middle Cambrian and the restricted platform facies in the Late Cambrian→the exposed unconformity at the end of the Cambrian;the Tadong cratonic margin depression developed the basin facies and underwent the lithofacies evolution from the siliceous mudstone→the limestone thinly interbedded with clay-silt rock→the carbonate rock. The characteristics and evolution of the Cambrian proto-type basins of the Tarim Basin were controlled by the extension of the Rodinia supercontinent and the tectonic-depositional pattern of the Tarim Basin experienced the transition from the pattern of the end of the Sinian which was differentiated from north to south to the pattern of the Middle-Late Cambrian which was differentiated from west to east.

Key words: tectonic-depositional environment, proto-type basin, Cambrian, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.1

高华华, 何登发, 童晓光, 温志新, 王兆明. 塔里木盆地寒武纪构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(01): 102-118.

GAO Huahua, HE Dengfa, TONG Xiaoguang, WEN Zhixin, WANG Zhaoming. Tectonic-depositional Environment and Proto-type Basin Evolution of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(01): 102-118.

图/表 13

图1 塔里木盆地及邻区构造单元划分与资料点分布 Ⅰ.东北坳陷区;Ⅰ1.库车坳陷; Ⅰ 1 1.乌什坳陷; Ⅰ 1 2.拜城坳陷; Ⅰ 1 3.阳霞坳陷;Ⅰ2.沙雅隆起; Ⅰ 2 1.雅克拉断凸起; Ⅰ 2 2.沙西凸起; Ⅰ 2 3.哈拉哈塘坳陷; Ⅰ 2 4.阿克库勒凸起; Ⅰ 2 5.草湖坳陷; Ⅰ 2 6.库尔勒鼻凸;Ⅰ3.阿瓦提坳陷;Ⅰ4.顺托果勒低隆;Ⅰ5.满加尔坳陷;Ⅰ6.孔雀河斜坡;Ⅱ.中央隆起;Ⅱ1.巴楚隆起;Ⅱ2.卡塔克隆起;Ⅱ3.塘古巴斯坳陷;Ⅱ4.古城墟隆起;Ⅲ.西南坳陷区;Ⅲ1.麦盖提斜坡;Ⅲ2.喀什坳陷;Ⅲ3.莎车隆起;Ⅲ4.叶城坳陷;Ⅳ.东南断隆区; Ⅳ 1 1.罗布庄凸起; Ⅳ 1 2.北民丰凸起; Ⅳ 2 1.若羌坳陷; Ⅳ 2 2.民丰坳陷

Fig.1 Tectonic units and of study materials in the Tarim Basin and its adjacent areas

表1 塔里木盆地及邻区寒武系地层分区对比

Table 1 Stratigraphic divisions and comparisons of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin and its adjacent areas

图2 塔里木盆地寒武系典型岩石类型及岩相 (a)阿克苏肖尔布拉克剖面,下寒武统玉儿吐斯组下部,深灰色硅质岩,厚2~3 m ;(b)阿克苏肖尔布拉克剖面,下寒武统玉尔吐斯组中上部,黑色硅质岩与黑色碳质泥岩,厚9~10 m;(c)阿克苏肖尔布拉克剖面,肖尔布拉克组底部,薄层状泥晶灰岩;(d)肖尔布拉克剖面,肖尔布拉克组下段,局限台地泥云坪-泻湖相叠层石;(e)和田1井,中寒武统阿瓦塔格组,6 430 m,纹层状云质膏盐岩;(f)南雅儿当山剖面,中寒武统莫合尔山组,黑色泥岩与泥质灰岩互层;(g)轮深2井,上寒武统丘里塔格组,6 854.3 m,中晶白云岩,发育晶间(溶)孔;(h)古城4井,上寒武统丘里塔格组,6 509 m,礁前垮塌砾屑白云岩,有沥青充注;(i)南雅儿当山剖面,上寒武统突尔沙克塔格群灰色泥晶灰岩、泥质泥晶灰岩

Fig.2 Typical rock types and lithofacies of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图3 塔里木盆地早寒武世早期构造-沉积环境

Fig.3 Tectonic-depositional environment of the early stage of the Early Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图4 塔里木盆地寒武系东西向沉积剖面(剖面位置见图1中AA’)

Fig.4 E-W sedimentary profile of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图5 塔里木盆地寒武系东西向沉积剖面(剖面位置见图1中BB’)

Fig.5 E-W sedimentary profile of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图6 塔里木盆地寒武系南北向沉积剖面(剖面位置见图1中CC’)

Fig.6 N-S sedimentary profile of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图7 塔里木盆地寒武系南北向沉积剖面(剖面位置见图1中DD’)

Fig.7 N-S sedimentary profile of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图8 古城(a)和罗西(b)地区寒武系台缘带地震地层结构

Fig.8 Seismic stratigraphic structures of the Cambrian platform margin belt in the Gucheng(a) and Luoxi(b) areas

图9 塔里木盆地早寒武世中-晚期构造-沉积环境

Fig.9 Tectonic-depositional environment of the middle and late stages of the Early Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图10 塔里木盆地中寒武世构造-沉积环境

Fig.10 Tectonic-depositional environment of the Middle Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图11 塔里木盆地晚寒武世构造-沉积环境

Fig.11 Tectonic-depositional environment of the Late Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

图12 塔里木盆地寒武纪东西向沉积充填演化剖面

Fig.12 E-W evolution profile of the sedimentary filling of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin

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