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现代地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (02): 270-282.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.064

• 构造地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

哈拉哈塘地区超深层走滑断裂构造变形特征及其石油地质意义

左亮1,2(), 能源3(), 黄少英4, 罗彩明4, 陈石1,2, 朱铁1,2, 王川1,2, 卢成美1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249
    3.中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区,新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    4.中国石油塔里木油田公司,新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-11 修回日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2023-04-10 发布日期:2023-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 能源
  • 作者简介:能 源,男,教授,1982年出生,构造地质学专业,从事含油气盆地分析、油区构造解析方面的教学和研究工作。Email:nengyuan@foxmail.com
    左 亮,男,硕士研究生,1997年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事含油气盆地分析,油区构造解析方面的研究工作。Email:481033856@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A199);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2019Y072)

Deformation Characteristics of Ultra-deep Glide Faults in the Halahatang Area and Their Petroleum Geological Significance

ZUO Liang1,2(), NENG Yuan3(), HUANG Shaoyin4, LUO Caiming4, CHEN Shi1,2, ZHU Tie1,2, WANG Chuan1,2, LU Chengmei1,2   

  1. 1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249,China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    3. Karamay Institute, China University of Petroleum, Karamay, Xinjiang 83400, China
    4. Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla, Xinjiang 84100,China
  • Received:2022-04-11 Revised:2022-09-29 Online:2023-04-10 Published:2023-05-23
  • Contact: NENG Yuan

摘要:

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂控制着碳酸盐岩储层的发育和油气的富集。受多期构造活动和地层岩性差异的影响,哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂的空间结构多样、断裂演化过程复杂,走滑断裂带结构差异对油气富集的控制机理仍存在争议。本文基于高精度三维地震资料、钻井资料的一体化研究,建立起哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂的空间变形样式及分层分段模型。通过分析走滑断裂控制下的单井油气产能差异,明确了走滑断裂构造变形差异对油气富集的控制作用。结果表明:(1)该区走滑断裂在平面上具有分段特征,断裂带相互交切导致断裂空间结构复杂,形成多种组合样式,单一断裂带可划分为尾部、主位移带、叠接区以及断裂间截切部位,共发育9种平面样式,分别是尾部的羽状、马尾状、雁裂状样式,主位移带发育的线性及分支型样式,断裂叠接部位发育的辫状及软连接型样式,截切部位的交汇型和终止型样式。走滑断裂变形特征符合Riedel剪切模型,主干断裂周围发育分支断裂,断裂的发育以生长连接为主,截切部位伴随有断裂相继滑动引起的调节变形;(2)走滑断裂的纵向分层变形控制着油气的运移和成藏过程。断裂贯穿膏岩层是油气向上运移的关键。奥陶系碳酸盐岩的改造作用控制着油气的储集规模及连通性,志留系碎屑岩层内的构造活动影响着油气的充注和保存;(3)哈拉哈塘地区油气富集规律受控于断裂样式,高产井主要集中分布在断裂带尾部马尾状、羽状的主干-分支交汇部位,叠接段辫状的构造高部位以及主干断裂交汇区。预测成果得到超深井验证,吻合率较高,对超深层井位部署工作具有指导意义。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 走滑断裂, 构造样式, 分层变形, 油气富集

Abstract:

Strike-slip faults in the Halahatang area control the development of carbonate reservoir and oil-gas enrichment. Influenced by multistage tectonic activities and stratigraphic lithological differences, the spatial structure of strike-slip faults in Halahatang area is diverse and the fault evolution is complex. The control mechanism of structural differences of strike-slip faults on oil and gas enrichment is still controversial. Based on the integrated research of high-precision three-dimensional seismic data and drilling data, the plan deformation pattern and layered and segmented model of strike-slip faults at Halahatang are established in this study. By analyzing the single-well productivity of oil and gas under the control of strike-slip faults, the controlling effect of structural deformation difference of strike-slip faults on oil and gas enrichment is elucidated. The results show that: ①Local strike-slip faults are featured by planar segmentation. The intersection of fault zones leads to the complex spatial fault structure and forms various combination styles. A single fault zone can be divided into three segments: tail, main displacement and overlapping zones, as well as the cutting parts between faults. There are nine plane styles, including feather, horsetail and goose split styles of the tail, and the linear and branching styles of the main displacement zone, The braided and soft-connection types are developed at the overlapping part of the faults, and the intersection and termination types at the cutting part. The deformation characteristics of strike-slip faults are conformable to the Riedel shear model and branch faults are developed around the main faults. The fault development is mainly connected growth, and the cutting part is accompanied by the regulatory deformation caused by successive fault sliding; ②Vertical layering deformation of strike-slip faults controlled the oil-gas migration and accumulation. Fault penetrating across the gypsum layer is the key to the oil and gas ascent. The transformation of Ordovician carbonate rocks controlled the reservoir scale and oil-gas connectivity. Tectonic activities in Silurian clastic rocks influenced the oil-gas filling and preservation; ③The oil-gas enrichment patterns at Halahatang is controlled by the fault pattern. The high-yield wells are mainly distributed in the horsetail and feather trunk branch intersection at the fault zone tail, the braided structural high of the overlapping section, and junctions of the main faults. The prediction results have been verified by ultra-deep wells with remarkable coincidence, and would have guiding significance for the deployment of ultra-deep wells.

Key words: Tarim Basin, strike-slip fault, construction style, delamination deformation, oil and gas enrichment

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