长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区花岗岩型铀矿床成矿作用研究进展

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.083

现代地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (06): 1435-1448.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.083

长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区花岗岩型铀矿床成矿作用研究进展

张舒¹^,²^,³(), 张赞赞¹^,², 胡召齐¹^,², 施立胜⁴, 周涛发³, 吴明安¹^,², 杜建国¹^,²

1.安徽省地质调查院(安徽省地质科学研究所),安徽合肥 230001
2.自然资源部覆盖区深部资源勘查工程技术创新中心,安徽合肥 230001
3.合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥 230009
4.安徽省核工业勘查技术总院,安徽芜湖 241000

收稿日期:2023-05-23 修回日期:2023-07-07 出版日期:2023-12-10 发布日期:2024-01-24
作者简介:张舒,男,正高级工程师,1986年出生,矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业,主要从事岩浆作用与金属矿床成矿机制研究。Email:zs-1638610@163.com。
基金资助:
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2208085MD94);国家重点研发计划专题项目(2022YFC2903703-4);安徽省公益性地质调查项目(2016-g-1-7);中国地质调查局地质工作项目(1212011120862)

Progress on Metallogenic Research of Granite-related Uranium Deposits from Luzong Ore District in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt

ZHANG Shu¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Zanzan¹^,², HU Zhaoqi¹^,², SHI Lisheng⁴, ZHOU Taofa³, WU Ming'an¹^,², DU Jianguo¹^,²

1. Geological Survey of Anhui Province (Anhui Institute of Geological Sciences),Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
2. Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Deep Resource Exploration in Covered Area, Ministry of Natural Resources,Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
3. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology,Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
4. Anhui Nuclear Exploration Technology Central Institute,Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China

Received:2023-05-23 Revised:2023-07-07 Online:2023-12-10 Published:2024-01-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

安徽庐枞矿集区是长江中下游成矿带重要的多金属矿集区,也是华南铀成矿省内重要的花岗岩型铀矿成矿区,系统开展铀矿床成矿作用和成矿规律研究,对于完善区域成矿理论、指导铀矿找矿勘探具有基础性意义。庐枞矿集区铀矿床主要分布在庐枞火山岩盆地东南侧的A型花岗岩带上,但近年深部探测科学钻孔揭示火山岩盆地内隐伏正长岩中也存在铀矿化线索。与A型花岗岩有关的铀矿床呈NE向分布,矿体产出于石英正长岩与围岩接触带,受到侵入接触构造、断裂构造及层间构造的控制,具有典型热液充填成矿的特征,成矿年龄集中在114~108 Ma;赋矿岩体为多期次侵位的复式岩体,主体年龄为127~123 Ma,末阶段碱性长石花岗岩株年龄为115~110 Ma,岩石属于A1型花岗岩,形成于伸展的构造背景下;成矿物质主要来源于赋矿岩体及围岩地层,成矿流体具有深循环大气降水与岩浆流体混合的特征。火山岩盆地内的铀矿化产出于火山岩盖层之下的隐伏正长岩中,具有热液充填成矿的特点,成矿年龄为131~129 Ma;赋矿正长岩成岩年龄为131 Ma,属于橄榄安粗质岩石,形成于挤压向拉张转换的构造背景下;岩浆阶段末期分异的高温富B、F的富铀热液在开放体系下沉淀成矿。盆地内隐伏正长岩中的铀矿化为矿集区中高温铀矿化的代表,与A型花岗岩有关的铀矿床则为晚期中低温铀矿化。综合来看,产铀岩体判别标志、精确的铀成矿年龄以及幔源物质与铀成矿之间的关系应是本区未来研究的重要方向。

关键词: 庐枞矿集区, 花岗岩型铀矿床, 铀成矿作用, A型花岗岩, 成岩成矿时代, 成矿物质来源

Abstract:

The Lujiang-Zongyang ore district is one of the most important ore cluster regiones in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, and is also an important uranium prospecting area in the South China Uranium Province.Systematic uranium metallogenic study would benefit the understanding of the regional metallogenic theory and uranium prospecting.In this paper, we provide a review of the geological features, uranium-bearing intrusions, magmatic and metallogenic ages, ore-forming fluids, and uranium sources of the typical uranium deposits in the Lujiang-Zongyang ore district.The uranium deposits along the NE-trending A-type granite belt are controlled by intrusive contact, faults, and interlayer structures.The uranium deposits were formed at 114-108 Ma, whereas the ore-bearing granites are A1-type and were formed at 127-123 Ma with 115-110 Ma alkali feldspar granitic stocks.The ore-forming materials were derived from the ore-bearing intrusions and wall-rocks.The ore-forming fluids were the mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water.The uranium was likely originated from the leaching of the ore-bearing intrusions during the fluid circulation, and deposited by changes in the physicochemical condition.The uranium mineralization in the Luzong basin was controlled by concealed syenite and was formed at 131-129 Ma.The ore-bearing intrusions, which provide the ore-material sources, are of shoshonitic and were formed at 131 Ma.The ore-forming fluids were mainly of magmatic water.The uranium was probably fractionated from the F-B-rich melt into the magmatic fluids, and uraniferous veins were formed as the pressure and/or temperature dropped.We suggest that the granite uranium fertility indicator, high-precision dating of uranium deposits, and the genetic link between mantle-derived material and uranium mineralization are important research topics in future.

Key words: Lujiang-Zongyang ore district, granite-related uranium deposit, uranium metallogeny, A-type granite, metallogenic and magmatic age, ore-material source

中图分类号:

P611.1
P617

张舒, 张赞赞, 胡召齐, 施立胜, 周涛发, 吴明安, 杜建国. 长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区花岗岩型铀矿床成矿作用研究进展[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(06): 1435-1448.

ZHANG Shu, ZHANG Zanzan, HU Zhaoqi, SHI Lisheng, ZHOU Taofa, WU Ming'an, DU Jianguo. Progress on Metallogenic Research of Granite-related Uranium Deposits from Luzong Ore District in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(06): 1435-1448.

图/表 9

图1 华南主要铀矿床及花岗岩分布图(底图据Zhang等[23]修改)

Fig.1 Simplified geological map of Southeast China, showing the distribution of major granite-related uranium deposits and gra-nitoids (modified from Zhang et al.[23])

图2 庐枞矿集区地质简图(底图据Zhang等[23]修改)

Fig.2 Geological sketch map of the Lujiang-Zongyang ore district (modified from Zhang et al.[23])

图3 庐枞矿集区典型铀矿床地质剖面图(底图据邵飞[30]修改) (a)大龙山铀矿床2号勘探线剖面图; (b)丁家山铀矿床I纵勘探线剖面图; (c)徐村铀矿床17号勘探线剖面图; (d)庐枞科学钻ZK01钻孔(刘屯)控制勘探线剖面图;K1z.下白垩统砖桥组; J2l.中侏罗统罗岭组; J1z.下侏罗统钟山组; T2h.中三叠统黄马青组; ξο.石英正长岩; ξ.正长岩; η.二长岩

Fig.3 Geological profiles of typical uranium deposits in Lujiang-Zongyang ore district (modified from Shao[30])

图4 庐枞矿集区典型铀矿床矿石手标本和显微照片 (a) 产出于砂岩中的含铀热液脉; (b) 热液脉中心为沥青铀矿,边部为黄铜矿、重晶石和石英(反射光); (c) 角砾岩化石英正长岩,发育赤铁矿化,角砾胶结物为含铀热液网脉; (d) 角砾岩化的石英正长岩,角砾胶结物中星点浸染状分布有沥青铀矿(背散射照片); (e) 石英正长岩中广泛发育的水云母化与绿泥石化; (f) 刘屯铀矿化点中脉状矿石; (g) 含铀热液脉中铀矿物主要为铀钍石(背散射照片); (h) 含铀热液脉中铀钍石与硬石膏、石英、磷灰石和金云母共生(背散射照片); (i) 含铀热液脉中广泛发育的硬石膏、磷灰石和电气石(正交偏光); (j) 盆地中隐伏正长岩发育有面状钠化、电气石化蚀变;Ab.钠长石; Anh.硬石膏; Ap.磷灰石; Brt.金红石; Ccp.黄铜矿; Chl.绿泥石; Phl.金云母; Ptc.沥青铀矿; Py.黄铁矿; Qtz.石英; Tur.电气石; Uth.铀钍石; Zr.锆石

Fig.4 Hand-specimen photos and micrographs of ores in typical uranium deposits in the Lujiang-Zongyang ore district

图5 庐枞矿集区A型花岗岩带内铀矿床及产铀岩体年龄直方图(年龄数据据参考文献[5,10???????-18,26,28,33??????-40,44-45])

Fig.5 Age histogram for the uranium deposits and U-bearing intrusions in A-type granite belt of the Lujiang-Zongyang ore district (age data from refs.[5,10???????-18,26,28,33??????-40,44-45])

图6 庐枞矿集区主要产铀岩体地球化学图解 (a)过铝质指数-分异指数图(底图据Debon和Le Fort[46]修改); (b)(Na+K)/Al-SiO2图(底图据Zhang等[47]修改); (c)Zr-10000Ga/Al图(底图据Whalen[48]修改); (d)Nb-Y-3Ga图(底图据Eby[49]修改) ;黄梅尖、大龙山和城山岩体数据引自文献[28,33,35,39,47,50],科学钻ZK01隐伏岩体数据引自文献[42],Bokan Mountain岩体数据引自文献[51],下庄、白水寨、帽峰、笋洞、司前和长江岩体数据引自文献[52]

Fig.6 Geochemical discrimination diagrams of U-bearing intrusions in the Lujiang-Zongyang ore district

图7 庐枞矿集区主要产铀岩体稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(a)和εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i图解(b) DM.亏损地幔; EMI.I型富集地幔; EMII.II型富集地幔;A型花岗岩带内的产铀岩体数据引自文献[28,33,35,39,45,47,50],盆地内部隐伏岩体数据引自文献[42,45]; 球粒陨石标准化数据引自文献[53]

Fig.7 Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (a) and εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i diagram (b) of U-bearing intrusions in the Lujiang-Zongyang ore district

图8 黄梅尖岩体末阶段碱性长石花岗岩锆石背散射及阴极发光图像(底图据张舒等[54]修改)

Fig.8 Zircon CL and BSE images from alkali feldspar granite in Huangmeijian pluton (modified after Zhang et al.[54])

图9 庐枞矿集区铀矿床成矿模式图

Fig.9 Uranium metallogenic model in the Lujiang-Zongyang ore district

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长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区花岗岩型铀矿床成矿作用研究进展

Progress on Metallogenic Research of Granite-related Uranium Deposits from Luzong Ore District in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt

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