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现代地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01): 188-198.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.015

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四川西部中高温地热流体地球化学特征及其地质意义

张薇(), 王贵玲, 赵佳怡, 刘峰   

  1. 中国地质科学院 水文地质环境地质研究所,河北 石家庄 050061
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-08 修回日期:2020-12-16 出版日期:2021-02-12 发布日期:2021-03-12
  • 作者简介:张 薇,女,高级工程师,博士,1981年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事地热地质方面的研究。Email: 18879003@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41502249);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190128);中国地质调查局支撑服务川藏铁路规划建设地质调查项目(20190505)

Geochemical Characteristics of Medium-high Temperature Geothermal Fluids in West Sichuan and Their Geological Implications

ZHANG Wei(), WANG Guiling, ZHAO Jiayi, LIU Feng   

  1. Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061, China
  • Received:2020-10-08 Revised:2020-12-16 Online:2021-02-12 Published:2021-03-12

摘要:

四川西部是我国主要的高温地热资源分布区之一,水热活动的时空分布、物质来源与深部水热岩作用密切相关,地热流体化学特征可反映流体上升至近地表过程中发生的深部地球化学过程信息。通过分析鲜水河地热带、甘孜-理塘地热带和金沙江地热带典型地热田的地热流体化学组分特征,认为研究区地下水类型基本为HCO3-Na型水。其中甘孜-理塘地热带地下热水中的K +、Na +、HCO3 -和Mg 2+与Cl -有相似物质来源,除了来自矿物溶解外,还来源于地球深部物质。研究区地热流体径流较长,深度为2 189.93~5 620.52 m,地热流体在上升过程中冷水混入比例为 56%~78%,水岩作用仍未达到平衡状态。在循环过程中,受到含钙、镁的硅酸盐矿物溶解的影响。厘清区域内地热流体汇聚的路径及其控制因素,提高对四川西部地区地热资源分布规律和成因的认识,可为区域内工程建设施工提供参考依据。

关键词: 地球化学, 传热机制, 成因机制, 四川西部

Abstract:

West Sichuan is one of the main high-temperature geothermal resources distribution areas in China. The space-time distribution and material source of hydrothermal activities are closely related to hydrothermal diagenesis. The geochemical characteristics of geothermal fluid reflect the deep geochemical process information during the process of fluid rising to the surface. The fluid chemical characteristics of typical geothermal fields at Xianshuihe, Ganzi-Litang, and Jinshajiang along the fault zone are compared and analyzed. The results show that the groundwater type in the area is HCO3-Na. K +, Na +, HCO3 - and Mg 2+ in the geothermal water of Ganzi-Litang have similar material sources as Cl -, and they come from the deep earth besides mineral dissolution. The geothermal fluid runoff in the study area is long, with the depth of 2,189.93-5,620.52 m. The proportion of cold water mixed into geothermal fluid is 56%-78%, thus, the water rock interaction has not yet reached the equilibrium state. During the circulation process, it is affected by the dissolution of silicate minerals containing calcium and magnesium. The fluid path convergence and controlling factors are clarified. The results enhance the understanding of geothermal resource distribution patterns and genesis in west Sichuan, and provides reference for engineering construction in the region.

Key words: geochemistry, heat-transfer mechanism, genetic mechanism, west Sichuan

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