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现代地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (02): 309-320.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.02.10

• 石油地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海湖东南岸现代滩坝沉积模式与识别标志

袁坤1(), 金振奎2, 彭飚3, 朱小二2, 田甜2, 黎瑞2   

  1. 1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所,江苏 无锡 214126
    2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院,北京 102249
    3.陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西 西安 710075
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-20 修回日期:2019-10-17 出版日期:2020-05-25 发布日期:2020-05-25
  • 作者简介:袁坤,男,硕士,1993年出生,地质学专业,主要从事沉积学和储层相关研究。Email: zelu_yk@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司油气勘探重大科技项目子课题“多类型湖盆沉积体系分布于岩相古地理分析”(2016B-0302)

Sedimentary Model and Identification Marks of Modern Lacustrine Beach-bar on Southeast Coast of Qinghai Lake

YUAN Kun1(), JIN Zhenkui2, PENG Biao3, ZHU Xiao’er2, TIAN Tian2, LI Rui2   

  1. 1. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Wuxi,Jiangsu 214126, China
    2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) , Beijing 102249, China
    3. Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
  • Received:2019-02-20 Revised:2019-10-17 Online:2020-05-25 Published:2020-05-25

摘要:

青海湖是研究湖泊滩坝的有利区域。通过对青海湖现代滩坝的实地考察和精细解剖,对滩坝的沉积特征、形成机制、沉积序列、沉积模式、识别标志等方面进行了系统研究。青海湖滩坝发育3种岩相,即块状砾质砂岩相、块状砾岩相和递变砂砾岩相。结合岩相分布和现代湖岸水动力观测,将青海湖波浪带划分为对称浪带、歪浪带、破浪带和冲洗浪带,并据此建立了青海湖滩坝沉积模式。提出滩坝相较于河口坝的4点关键识别标志:(1)岩性底界面接触关系差异,滩坝与下伏半深湖泥质沉积总是突变接触,有明显的突变面,而河口坝则是渐变接触;(2)滩坝垂向上发育典型的“ABC”序列,沉积物自底至顶呈细-粗-细的变化;(3)滩坝普遍发育冲洗层理,以及向陆倾斜的漫越层,而河口坝主要发育槽状交错层理;(4)砂体走向差异,滩坝砂体走向总体平行于湖岸,而河口坝砂体走向总体垂直于湖岸。

关键词: 滩坝, 青海湖, 岩相, 波浪带, 沉积模式, 沉积序列, 识别标志

Abstract:

Qinghai Lake is a favorable target for lacustrine beach-bar research. In this study, the sedimentary sequence and characteristics, formation mechanism, sedimentary model and identification marks of beach-bars are systematically examined through field work and micro-analysis on modern beach-bars in Qinghai Lake. There are three lithofacies developed in the beach-bar on the southeast coast of Qinghai Lake, i.e.massive pebbly sandstone, massive conglomerate, and normal-graded sandy conglomerate. Combining lithofacies and hydrodynamic observation on modern lake shore, the wave zone of study area is divided into the wave symmetric, breaker and swash zones. The beach-bar sedimentary model of Qinghai Lake is established, and four identification marks of beach-bar (c.f.mouth-bar) are proposed: (1) beach-bar deposits always change sharply to the underlying semi-deep lacustrine mud deposits with a clear discontinuous surface, whereas in mouth-bar deposits the transition is gradual; (2) beach-bars show typical “ABC” vertical sequence, and the sediments coarsen upwards then return to fine grain; (3) swash cross-bedding and wash-over deposits (tilted to land) can be found in beach-bars, whereas mouth-bars are featured by trough cross-bedding; (4) beach-bar deposits are always shore parallel, whereas mouth-bar deposits are usually shore perpendicular.

Key words: beach-bar, Qinghai Lake, lithofacies, wave zone, sedimentary model, sedimentary sequence, identification mark

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