北京市怀柔区土壤重金属的分布特征、来源分析及风险评价

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.01.08

现代地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (01): 86-94.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.01.08

北京市怀柔区土壤重金属的分布特征、来源分析及风险评价

李苹¹(), 黄勇², 林赟¹, 华培学¹, 袁国礼¹()

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
2.北京市地质勘察技术院,北京 102218

收稿日期:2017-09-06 修回日期:2017-12-12 出版日期:2018-02-10 发布日期:2018-02-05
通讯作者: 袁国礼,男,教授,博士生导师,1971年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学与岩石地球化学的研究工作。Email: yuangl@cugb.edu.cn。
作者简介:袁国礼,男,教授,博士生导师,1971年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学与岩石地球化学的研究工作。Email: yuangl@cugb.edu.cn。
李苹,女,硕士研究生,1993年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学的研究工作。Email: pingli@cugb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
中央高校基础研究基金项目(2652017239);中央高校基础研究基金项目(2652017240);中国地质大学生物地质及环境地质国家重点实验室项目(GBL21405);北京市政府公益性项目“北京城市地质土壤调查与评价”(1041STC00611)

Distribution,Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Topsoil of Huairou District in Beijing

LI Ping¹(), HUANG Yong², LIN Yun¹, HUA Peixue¹, YUAN Guoli¹()

1. Shool of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Beijing Institute of Geo-Exploration Technology, Beijing 102218, China

Received:2017-09-06 Revised:2017-12-12 Online:2018-02-10 Published:2018-02-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在北京市怀柔区东南部农业区采集了977个表土样品,对其中Cr、V、Ni、As、Pb、Zn、Hg和Cd 8种重金属元素含量进行测试分析。通过地球化学成图清晰地呈现了这些元素的空间分布特征。利用数据统计分析,阐明了表土中这些重金属元素的含量分布特征,探讨了不同重金属的来源,并评估预测了其生态风险。研究结果表明Cr、V、Ni、As主要来源于成土母质;而Pb、Zn、Hg受交通和大气沉降等人类活动的影响较大;Cd则主要受到周边工厂以及农业施肥的影响。利用Hakanson法预测8种重金属的生态风险,除Cd外其他7种元素潜在生态风险均较低。本研究对怀柔区农业土壤的污染风险评价及土地利用规划具有一定的借鉴作用。

关键词: 农业土壤, 重金属, 分布特征, 来源分析, 风险评价, 北京怀柔

Abstract:

At the agricultural area in the southeast of Huairou District in Beijing, 977 topsoil samples were collected, and 8 heavy metals in samples were analyzed, including Cr, V, Ni, As, Pb, Zn, Hg and Cd. The spatial distribution characteristics of these heavy metals were clearly illustrated by geochemical mapping. By applying the methods of multivariate statistics analysis, the concentration distributions of these heavy metals were dedi-cated, and the sources of them were determined, and risk assessment for them was also performed. The results show that the elements of Cr, V, Ni and As are mainly originated from soils parent materials. On the other hand, the elements of Pb, Zn and Hg are greatly influenced by the human activities, such as traffic and atmospheric deposition. Differently, Cd is mainly affected by inorganic fertilizer. The environmental risk of 8 heavy metals is assessed by Hakanson method, and all above heavy metals except Cd show a relatively low pollution risk. So, our study provides a significant reference for the risk assessment of agricultural soils and the future land-using plan at the area of Huairou District.

Key words: agricultural soil, heavy metal, distribution characteristic, source identification, risk assessment, Huairou District in Beijing

中图分类号:

P595
X142

李苹, 黄勇, 林赟, 华培学, 袁国礼. 北京市怀柔区土壤重金属的分布特征、来源分析及风险评价[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(01): 86-94.

LI Ping, HUANG Yong, LIN Yun, HUA Peixue, YUAN Guoli. Distribution,Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Topsoil of Huairou District in Beijing[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(01): 86-94.

图/表 10

图1 研究区土壤采样点分布图

Fig.1 Distribution map of the topsoil samples in the study area

表1 重金属的生态风险评估系数和污染水平评估指数

Table 1 Potential ecological risk coefficient (E(i)) and pollution levels risk indices(RI) of the heavy metals

潜在生态风险系数(E(i))	单因子污染的生态风险	潜在生态风险指数(RI)	潜在生态危害程度
E(i)<40	低	RI<150	低
40≤E(i)<80	中	150≤RI<300	中
80≤E(i)<160	高	300≤RI<600	高
160≤E(i)<320	很高	600≤RI	重
320≤E(i)	极高	—	—

表2 研究区土壤表层重金属含量的统计结果(wB/(mg/kg))

Table 2 Heavy metal concentrations in the topsoil of the study area(mg/kg)

重金属	北京地区背景值^[19,33]	富集系数	最小值	最大值	均值	变异系数/%
Cr	60.8	0.84	14.00	91.0	50.9	20.7
V	79.2	0.90	31.50	114.0	71.3	19.2
Ni	24.7	0.88	1.40	53.2	21.7	32.5
As	7.7	0.95	1.29	15.6	7.3	36.5
Pb	23.7	1.09	24.90	22.6	25.9	37.5
Zn	57.5	1.33	33.70	77.5	76.5	38.6
Hg	0.059	0.71	0.007	0.372	0.042	93.6
Cd	0.119	1.41	0.047	0.140	0.168	68.1

图2 表土中重金属含量分布的直方图和箱图

Fig.2 Histograms and box-plots of the heavy metals distribution in the topsoil

图3 土壤重金属含量空间分布图

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of the heavy metals in the topsoil

表3 研究区土壤重金属含量的主成分分析

Table 3 Principal component analysis of the heavy metal concentrations in the soil of the study area

重金属	主成分
重金属	1	2	3
Cr	0.918	0.056	0.044
V	0.863	0.035	-0.045
Ni	0.844	0.010	0.060
As	0.747	0.167	0.067
Pb	0.117	0.652	0.364
Zn	0.178	0.747	0.403
Hg	-0.025	0.904	-0.104
Cd	0.007	0.195	0.935
特征值	3.144	2.015	0.807
方差/%	36.3	23.4	14.9
累积方差/%	36.3	59.7	74.6

图4 土壤中重金属的系统聚类分析

Fig.4 Hierarchical clustering of the heavy metals in the topsoil

图5 主成分分析因子得分的空间分布图(F1, F2和F3)

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of the factor scores (F1, F2 and F3)

表4 重金属的潜在生态风险系数(E(i))

Table 4 The potential ecological risk factors (E(i)) of the heavy metals

重金属	潜在生态风险系数E(i)
重金属	平均值	最小值	最大值
Cr	1.70	0.46	6.25
V	1.81	0.64	4.14
Ni	4.50	0.29	45.14
As	9.61	1.68	24.16
Pb	5.46	2.70	41.20
Zn	1.33	0.59	9.07
Hg	31.27	4.75	694.92
Cd	42.30	11.85	385.71

图6 研究区表土重金属潜在风险指数的空间分布

Fig.6 Spatial distribution of the potential ecological risk indices (RI) for the heavy metals in the topsoil of the study area

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北京市怀柔区土壤重金属的分布特征、来源分析及风险评价

Distribution,Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Topsoil of Huairou District in Beijing

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