Geological Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Pool in Yingxiongling Structural Zone, Qaidam Basin

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.02.16

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand the geological features and controlling factors on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Yingxiongling area, we systemically studied the structures, reservoir, and the oil & gas origin and accumulation evolution model. Our results showed that the structural styles of the Yingxiongling structural zone change significantly from west to east. The middle-western Yingxiongling area has a vertical ‘double-layer’ structure. The structural style in eastern Yingxiongling was simpler than that in middle-western Yingxiongling. The main pore type of carbonate reservoirs in middle-western Yingxiongling is inter-crystal pore, together with local development of dissolution pores and fracture aggregates. Pore space developed in clastic reservoirs in eastern Yingxiongling is mainly interparticle pore, with some interparticle dissolution pores and fractures. The upper member of the Xiaganchaigou Formation is the main source rock. The composition and isotopic factors of the natural gas indicated that the CH₄ in middle-western Yingxiongling was originated as crude oil associated gas, and the CH₄ in eastern Yingxiongling was associated gas of condensate oil. Due to the existence of halite seal layers, abnormally high-pressure hydrocarbon pools were formed in the deeper parts of middle-western Yingxiongling. In contrast, halite seal layers are absent in eastern Yingxiongling, and the hydrocarbon pool there is characterized by episodic accumulation from the deeper to the shallower parts.

Key words: structural style, reservoir, hydrocarbon source, geology of hydrocarbon pool, Yingxiongling structural zone

CLC Number:

TE122.3

WU Kunyu, LIAO Chun, LI Xiang, ZHANG Chengjuan, ZHANG Qiang, LI Guimei, ZHANG Jing, TAN Xiucheng. Geological Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Pool in Yingxiongling Structural Zone, Qaidam Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(02): 378-389.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Regional geological setting of the Yingxiongling area

Table 1 Stratigraphic division of western Qaidam Basin

Fig.2 Structural characteristics of study area: ((a)T4 structural map; (b), (c), (d) Seismic profiles of western, middle and eastern parts of the Yingxiongling structural zone, respectively. Words and numbers are ID of faults)

Fig.3 Petrological classification of reservoirs in the Yingxiongling structural zone

Fig.4 Pore types, origin and formation periods of reservoirs in the Yingxiongling structural zone

Fig.5 Physical property distribution of reservoirs in the Yingxiongling structural zone

Fig.6 m/z 217 and m/z 191 mass chromatogram of extracts from oil and source rock in the Yingxionging structural zone

Table 2 Components and isotopic characteristics of natural gas in the Yingxiongling structural zone

油藏	井号	层位	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	iC₄H₁₀	C₄H₁₀	干燥系数	δ¹³CH₄	δ¹³C₂H₆/	δ¹³C₃H₈
油藏	井号	层位			%			干燥系数		‰(PDB)
英西浅层	狮中18	E₃-N₁sg	77.25	17.92	0.98	0.12	0.51	79.82	-41.79	-28.6	-23.5
	狮中10	E₃-N₁sg	73.37	21.75	1.12	0.23	0.49	75.67	-40.58	-26.8	-23.0
	狮中13	E₃-N₁sg	85.73	12.22	0.32	0.08	0.16	87.03	-41.38	-33.2	-27.2
英西深层	狮新28	E_2-3xg²	88.4	9.12	0.93	0.11	0.32	89.40	-41.75	-30.6	-26.7
英西深层	狮29	E_2-3xg²	88.2	9.14	0.87	0.12	0.39	89.34	-41.54	-30.3	-25.9
英中	狮58	E_2-3xg²	78.77	5.98	3.54	0.79	1.92	86.56	-40	-27.7	-23.8
英东	砂40	N₁xy	91.31	8.02	0.25	0.02	0.05	91.63	-37.1	-27.7	-24.6
	砂40	N₁xy	90.84	8.51	0.21	0.00	0.02	91.22	-36.6	-27.8	-24.8
	砂37	N₁sy	89.46	10.04	0.12	0.00	0.00	89.80	-32.5	-25.6	-23.8
	英东105	N₁xy	92.55	7.01	0.31	0.00	0.01	92.66	-37	-27.3	-24.5

Fig.7 Origin and source discrimination diagrams of natural gas in the Yingxiongling structural zone (base map after reference[29])

Fig.8 Evolution model of hydrocarbon pool accumulation in the Yingxiongling structural zone

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