Stable Isotope Characteristics of Geothermal Water and Calculation of Geothermal Reservoir Temperature in the Erdaoqiao Area of Kangding in Sichuan Province

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.04.20

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the stable isotope characteristics of geothermal water and geothermal reservoir temperature in the Erdaoqiao area near Kangding in Sichuan, five hot springs including the Erdaoqiao hot springs (SC107 and SC107-2), Kangbarenjia hot spring (SC107-3), the flowing hot water well (SC107-4) and spouting hot water well (SC107-5) are investigated. The Yalagou fault and the Yala river valley control the occurrence of the hot springs in the study area. The water temperature of the hot springs in the study area ranges from 33.2 ℃ to 46 ℃, and pH value, from 6 to 6.5. The hot springs are of medium-low temperature. The stable isotope compositions of hydrogen and oxygen of the hot springs indicate that the hot water in the study area is of meteoric origin. Based on the altitude effect and temperature effect, the elevations of the recharge areas of the hot springs are estimated to be about 3 000-4 500 m, and the temperature of the recharge areas range from -3.5 ℃ to -0.3 ℃, indicating that the hot springs may be recharged partly by snow-melting water. The Na-K-Mg triangular diagram shows that the hot water in the study area is the unmature water, so it is impossible to calculate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs with the cation geothermometry. The temperature of the geothermal reservoir in the study area ranges from 65 ℃ to 75 ℃ by using the SiO₂ geothermometry, multi-mineral saturation index method and Fix-Al method. The hot springs in the study area are recharged by precipitation and snow-melting water at the eastern part of the Paoma mountain and the western part of the Nongge mountain. The groundwater flows along the Daxue mountain-Nongge mountain fault and the Paoma mountain fault and undergoes a deep circulation. After heated by heat flow, the thermal groundwater rises and emerges as hot springs in the Yala River valley and near the Yalagou fault.

Key words: hot spring, isotope, temperature of a geothermal reservoir, Fix-Al method, Kangding

CLC Number:

JIANG Zhe, ZHOU Xun, CHEN Binghua, TAO Guangbin, LI Zhuang, CAO Ruwen, SUI Liai. Stable Isotope Characteristics of Geothermal Water and Calculation of Geothermal Reservoir Temperature in the Erdaoqiao Area of Kangding in Sichuan Province[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(04): 1183-1192.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Simplified geologic map of the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding

Table 1 Hydrochemical data of the hot spring samples in the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding(ρB/(mg/L))

名称	编号	pH	C $a 2 +$	M $g 2 +$	Na⁺	K⁺	$HCO 3 -$	$SO 4 2 -$	Cl^-	TDS	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	Si
二道桥“族”泉眼	SC107	6.0	225	42.4	114	19.8	1 139	76.6	30.4	1 082	-112.6	-14.8	23.7
二道桥“卫”泉眼	SC107-2	6.1	232	44.4	119	21.0	1 143	98.5	32.4	1 122	-110.4	-14.2	24.5
康巴人家温泉	SC107-3	6.5	152	47.5	199	27.2	1 120	68.9	56.8	1 116	-95.8	-12.9	24.0
自流热水井	SC107-4	6.3	370	41.1	99.2	12.9	1 564	7.77	45.0	1 361	-97.0	-13.1	23.9
自喷热水井	SC107-5	6.4	368	48.5	100	13.1	1 571	9.86	46.2	1374	-97.5	-13.3	22.0

Table 1 Hydrochemical data of the hot spring samples in the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding(ρB/(mg/L))

名称	编号	pH	C $a 2 +$	M $g 2 +$	Na⁺	K⁺	$HCO 3 -$	$SO 4 2 -$	Cl^-	TDS	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	Si
二道桥“族”泉眼	SC107	6.0	225	42.4	114	19.8	1 139	76.6	30.4	1 082	-112.6	-14.8	23.7
二道桥“卫”泉眼	SC107-2	6.1	232	44.4	119	21.0	1 143	98.5	32.4	1 122	-110.4	-14.2	24.5
康巴人家温泉	SC107-3	6.5	152	47.5	199	27.2	1 120	68.9	56.8	1 116	-95.8	-12.9	24.0
自流热水井	SC107-4	6.3	370	41.1	99.2	12.9	1 564	7.77	45.0	1 361	-97.0	-13.1	23.9
自喷热水井	SC107-5	6.4	368	48.5	100	13.1	1 571	9.86	46.2	1374	-97.5	-13.3	22.0

Fig.2 Plots of δ2H-δ18O of the hot spring samples in the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding

Table 2 Estimated altitude of the recharge areas of the hot springs in the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding

温泉名称	水样编号	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	泉(井)口标高/m	补给高程/m	补给高程/m
温泉名称	水样编号	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	泉(井)口标高/m	式(1)	式(2)
二道桥温泉“族”泉眼	SC107	-112.6	-14.8	2 550	4 280	4 411
二道桥温泉“卫”泉眼	SC107-2	-110.4	-14.2	2 570	4 170	4 078
康巴人家温泉	SC107-3	-95.8	-12.9	2 560	3 440	3 356
自流热水井	SC107-4	-97	-13.1	2 520	3 500	3 467
自喷热水井	SC107-5	-97.5	-13.3	2 500	3 525	3 578

Table 3 Estimated temperature of the recharge areas of the hot springs in the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding

温泉名称	水样编号	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	补给区温度/℃
温泉名称	水样编号	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	式(3)	式(4)	式(5)
二道桥温泉“族”泉眼	SC107	-112.6	-14.8	-2.3	-1.2	-6.9
二道桥温泉“卫”泉眼	SC107-2	-110.4	-14.2	-1.9	-0.6	-6.1
康巴人家温泉	SC107-3	-95.8	-12.9	0.8	0.7	-1.3
自流热水井	SC107-4	-97	-13.1	0.5	0.5	-1.7
自喷热水井	SC107-5	-97.5	-13.3	0.5	0.3	-1.8

Fig.3 Na-K-Mg diagram of hot springs in the study area

Table 4 Estimated temperature of the geothermal reservoirs of the hot springs in the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding

温泉名称	水样编号	水温/℃	热储温度/℃					估算热储温度/℃
温泉名称	水样编号	水温/℃	式(6)	式(7)	式(8)	式(9)	式(10)	估算热储温度/℃
二道桥温泉“族”泉眼	SC107	40.8	102.93	102.54	103.19	52.13	68.96	52~103
二道桥温泉“卫”泉眼	SC107-2	33.2	104.48	104.10	104.53	53.66	72.66	53~104
康巴人家温泉	SC107-3	46	103.52	103.13	103.70	52.71	74.34	52~103
自流热水井	SC107-4	36.7	103.33	102.93	103.53	52.52	73.30	52~103
自喷热水井	SC107-5	36	99.52	99.09	100.20	48.75	68.96	48~100

Fig.4 Plots of SiO2 vs.lg (K2/Mg)

Fig.5 Plots of multi-mineral saturation index of the water samples in the study area

Fig.6 Plots of multi-mineral saturation index of some of the hot springs in the study area (Using the Fix-Al method)

Fig.7 Schematic profiles showing the formation of the hot springs in the Erdaoqiao area in Kangding

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