Characteristics and Control Factors of the Chang 73 Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.047

Abstract

Abstract:

The shale of Chang 7₃ sub-member in the Ordos Basin has vast range of organic matter and mineral content variations, with tuff interlayers and strong heterogeneity. The difference and main controlling factors of pore structure of different lithofacies are unclear. This paper presents comprehensive variety of analytical techniques, and systematic lithofacies division of shale in the Chang 7₃ from the southern Ordos Basin. The pore structure and physical characteristics of different lithofacies were compared, and the effective pore network and main controlling factors were discussed. According to grain size, TOC, and mineral composition, the fine-grained rock of Chang 7₃ can be divided into eight lithofacies types, among which high organic matter siliceous shale, tuff and high organic matter clay shale are most developed. The organic matter content in the Chang 7₃ sub-member shale is high (average 20.04%). Kerogen is mainly type I, which is mainly in the stage of low maturity to maturity. The reservoir space is divided into matrix pores (intergranular pores, intragranular pores, intercrystalline pores, ultra-large dissolution pores), organic-related pores (organic pores, organic marginal pores), and fractures (structural fractures, diagenetic fractures, diagenetic fractures, crystal plane fractures, and grain-margin fractures). The sorption isotherm of each lithofacies is mainly type IV and the hysteresis loops are mainly type H₃. Macropore is effective pore for storing free oil. The reservoir property is obviously controlled by lithofacies. The average porosity and macropore specific pore volume of tuff is the highest, followed by the high organic siliceous shale and the high organic clay shale. The macropore specific pore volume of the low organic shale is the lowest, while the mesoporous specific pore volume is high. The contents of organic matter and pyrite are positively correlated with macropore specific pore volume of shale. The content of quartz shows positive correlation with macropore specific pore volume of tuff. Our research results can provide the geological basis for further evaluation and prediction of shale oil in Chang 7₃ sub-member.

Key words: shale oil, pore structure, fine-grained rock, tuff, reservoir characteristic, lithofacies

CLC Number:

LI Qing, LI Jiangshan, LU Hao, QI Fengqiang, HE Yu, AN Keqin, LI Longyu, ZHANG Houmin, WU Yue. Characteristics and Control Factors of the Chang 7₃ Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(05): 1254-1270.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Location of the study area and stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin (modified after reference[25])

Fig.2 Geochemical characteristics of Chang 7 shale in the study area

Table 1 Lithofacies division basis and scheme

岩石类别	粒度/mm	岩性	TOC含量/%	玻屑/晶屑含量	硅质/黏土质比例	岩相
正常碎屑岩	<0.005	泥页岩	>6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)/(黏土矿物+云母)}>1	高有机质硅质页岩
			>6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)/(黏土矿物+云母)}<1	高有机质黏土质页岩
			2~6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)(黏土矿物+云母)}>1	中有机质硅质页岩
			2~6	-	R_{(石英+长石+黄铁矿)/(黏土矿物+云母)}<1	中有机质黏土质页岩
			<2	-	-	低有机质页岩
	0.005~0.01	粉砂岩	-	-	-	粉砂岩
火山碎屑岩	<2	凝灰岩	-	玻屑>75%	-	玻屑凝灰岩
火山碎屑岩	<2	凝灰岩	-	50%<玻屑<75%, 晶屑>25%	-	晶屑质玻屑凝灰岩

Fig.3 Mineral composition of the various lithofacies of Chang 73 sub-member in the study area

Fig.4 Microscopic characteristics of different lithofacies of the shale reservoirs in the study area

Fig.5 Proportions of the different lithofacies in the study area

Fig.6 Microscopic characteristics of the different reservoir space types

Fig.7 Difference in pore development for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs

Fig.8 Characteristics of nitrogen adsorption curves for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs

Fig.9 Characteristics of high pressure mercury injection curves for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs

Fig.10 Joint pore size distribution characteristics for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoir

Fig.11 Porosity and permeability characteristics for the different lithofacies in the shale reservoirs (1 mD=10-3 μm2)

Fig.12 Crossplots of macropore and mesopore specific pore volume versus S1

Fig.13 Crossplots of macro-pore specific pore volume versus components of shale and tuff

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Characteristics and Control Factors of the Chang 7₃ Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin

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