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现代地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (04): 1180-1192.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.029

• 能源地质与工程 • 上一篇    

川东南茅口组滩相灰岩储层特征及形成机理——以南川双河场剖面为例

潘磊1(), 全力2,*(), 杨浩1, 徐芮2, 王广伟2,3   

  1. 1.中国石化勘探分公司,四川 成都 610041
    2.深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东 青岛 266580
    3.中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东 青岛 266580
  • 出版日期:2025-08-10 发布日期:2025-08-27
  • 通信作者: *全力,女,博士研究生,1996年出生,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层沉积学研究工作。Email:quanli1996@outlook.com
  • 作者简介:潘磊,男,高级工程师,1984年出生,主要从事石油地质综合研究工作。Email:panl.ktnf@sinopec.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石化科技部项目(P23221);中国石化科技部项目(P24246)

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Limestone Reservoir of Shoals in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation: A Case Study of Shuanghechang Outcrop in Southeastern Sichuan

PAN Lei1(), QUAN Li2,*(), YANG Hao1, XU Rui2, WANG Guangwei2,3   

  1. 1. Sinopec Exploration Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas (China University of Petroleum, East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
    3. China School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
  • Published:2025-08-10 Online:2025-08-27

摘要:

四川盆地二叠系茅口组发育多种类型的碳酸盐岩储层,勘探潜力大,前期研究多关注白云岩和岩溶灰岩储层,针对滩相孔隙型灰岩储层成因的研究较少,对孔隙形成机理及储集作用了解薄弱。基于川东野外露头、薄片、物性和岩石地球化学等资料,识别了茅口组滩相灰岩储层的孔隙类型和成岩作用,分析了孔隙的形成与演化过程,建立了滩相灰岩储层的孔隙演化曲线。研究结果表明:茅口组滩相灰岩储层岩性主要为亮晶生屑灰岩,局部发生白云石化的含云生屑灰岩、云斑生屑灰岩。含云生屑灰岩内白云石以自形、零散状分布,成簇状选择性交代生物碎屑和沿微缝合线分布。滩相灰岩储层的孔隙类型主要为铸模孔﹑晶模孔和粒内溶孔,孔隙内壁普遍可见沥青衬边充填,生屑灰岩中的斑状白云岩发育少量晶间孔。岩石经历的主要成岩作用包括压实作用、白云石化作用、压溶作用﹑埋藏溶蚀作用和埋藏胶结作用。生屑灰岩储层孔隙的形成与准同生期大气淡水溶蚀作用与选择性的白云石埋藏溶蚀作用紧密有关。准同生期大气淡水暴露溶蚀形成了少量零散分布的生物铸模孔。埋藏溶蚀孔隙主要沿缝合线或者裂缝分布,指示原油运移过程中的有机酸对输导通道周缘白云石选择性溶蚀的结果。相关成果认识为四川盆地茅口组灰岩储层的勘探提供理论借鉴。

关键词: 川东南, 茅口组, 灰岩储层, 孔隙演化, 白云石化作用, 大气淡水溶蚀, 埋藏溶蚀, 有机酸溶蚀

Abstract:

The Permian Maokou Formation in the Sichuan Basin hosts diverse carbonate reservoirs with significant exploration potential. Previous studies have focused on dolomite and karst limestone reservoirs, leaving gaps in understanding the genesis of shoal-type porous limestone reservoirs, particularly their pore formation mechanisms and accumulation processes. Based on field outcrop observations, thin-section analysis, physical property testing, and geochemical data from eastern Sichuan, this study identifies pore types and diagenetic processes in Maokou Formation shoal limestones, reconstructs pore evolution histories, and establishes porosity-depth curves for reservoir characterization.Results show that shoal limestones are primarily sparitic bioclastic limestones, with locally dolomitized dolomite-bearing bioclastic limestones and cloud-patchy bioclastic limestones. Dolomite in dolomite-bearing limestones occurs as euhedral, scattered crystals, preferentially replacing bioclasts or aligning along microstylolites. Pore types are dominated by moldic pores, crystal moldic pores, and intragranular dissolved pores, with widespread asphalt linings on pore walls. Patchy dolomites in bioclastic limestones contain minor intercrystalline pores. Key diagenetic processes include compaction, dolomitization, pressure solution, burial dissolution, and burial cementation. Pore development is closely linked to penecontemporaneous meteoric water dissolution and selective burial dissolution of dolomite. Meteoric dissolution during early exposure formed isolated bioclast moldic pores, while burial dissolution along stylolites/fractures reflects organic acid leachingduring oil migration, preferentially dissolving dolomite along fluid pathways. These findings provide a theoretical framework for exploring Maokou Formation limestone reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.

Key words: Southeastern Sichuan, Maokou Formation, limestone reservoir, pore evolution, dolomitization, meteoric water dissolution, burial dissolution, organic acid leaching

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