三江特提斯马厂箐斑岩铜钼矿床成矿时间尺度探讨:来自石英中Ti-Al扩散年代学的约束

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.033

现代地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (06): 1509-1523.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.033

三江特提斯马厂箐斑岩铜钼矿床成矿时间尺度探讨:来自石英中Ti-Al扩散年代学的约束

张靓¹(), 陈奇¹^,²(), 高添¹, 李雯¹, 钱金龙¹^,², 刘俐君¹^,², 王长明¹^,²

1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
2.中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-08-27 修回日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2023-12-10 发布日期:2024-01-24
通讯作者: 陈奇,男,博士研究生,1994年出生,矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业,主要从事矿床学与矿床地球化学研究。Email: cq94@foxmail.com。
作者简介:张靓,女,本科生,2001年出生,地质学专业,主要从事矿床学与矿床地球化学研究。Email: 2080905262@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0714802);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(92162101)

Delicate Timescale of the Machangqing Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit in Sanjiang Tethyan Domain, SW China: Constraints from the Diffusion Chronology of Ti and Al in Quartz

ZHANG Liang¹(), CHEN Qi¹^,²(), GAO Tian¹, LI Wen¹, QIAN Jinlong¹^,², LIU Lijun¹^,², WANG Changming¹^,²

1. School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-08-27 Revised:2023-03-15 Online:2023-12-10 Published:2024-01-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,斑岩矿床成矿时间尺度的研究趋向精细化和多样化。利用高精度同位素测年、元素扩散年代学以及热力学数值模拟等方法,斑岩矿床的成矿时间尺度被精确限定在几十年到几十万年之间。石英作为一种在各个成矿阶段脉体中稳定存在的矿物,成为精细研究热液脉冲过程的良好对象。本文以三江特提斯马厂箐斑岩铜钼矿床为研究对象,基于对各阶段脉体关系和矿物组合精细梳理,利用石英中Ti和Al的扩散年代学方法,在限定成矿时间尺度同时也对扩散年代学的适用性提出几点思考。马厂箐矿床的脉体具有多阶段活动特征,据其脉体穿插关系和矿物组成划分出多个热液脉冲阶段。选取样品中可以分别代表两个成矿阶段的A2脉和B3脉石英进行元素扩散模拟。结果显示,早阶段石英CL强度和Ti元素关联度更高,使用Ti扩散模型限定的成矿时间尺度为10.5~57.5 ka;而主成矿阶段CL强度和Al元素关联度更高,使用Al扩散模型限定的成矿时间尺度为522.3 ka。综合分析认为,使用元素扩散年代学限定斑岩成矿的时间尺度可能会受到温压条件、模拟位置、元素测试分辨率和精度等因素的影响,因而需要结合成矿条件和矿物生长特征合理构建扩散模型。

关键词: 成矿时间尺度, 扩散年代学, 石英, 斑岩矿床, 马厂箐, 三江特提斯

Abstract:

In recent years, studies on the porphyry metallogenic timescale have become more refined and diversified.By using high-precision isotope dating, element diffusion chronology and thermodynamic numerical simulation, the porphyry metallogenic timescale are precisely defined to be between tens to hundreds of thousands of years.Quartz is a chemically stable mineral in various mineralization stages, which can be utilized as an ideal object to explore episodic hydrothermal processes.Taking the Machangqing porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Sanjiang Tethyan Domain as the case study, and basing on the fine arrangement of the vein relationship and mineral assemblage at each stage, we used the diffusion chronology method of Ti and Al in quartz to constrain the timescale, and discussed the practical application of diffusion chronology.The Machangqing deposit contains multi-stage hydrothermal veins, which can be divided into multiple hydrothermal stages based on their crosscutting relationship and mineral composition.For the quartz in the early-ore A2 and main-ore B3 veins, our finding shows that the early-ore quartz samples have higher correlation between the CL intensity and Ti element, and its timescale defined by the Ti diffusion is 10.5-57.5 ka; for the main ore stage, the quartz CL intensity has a higher correlation with the Al element, and its timescale defined by the Al diffusion is 522.3 ka.Overall, we consider that using element diffusion chronology to constrain the porphyry metallogenic timescale may be affected by the temperature-pressure conditions, simulation location, analytical precision and accuracy.Therefore, it is necessary to construct a reasonable diffusion model based on the metallogenic conditions and mineral growth characteristics.

Key words: timescale, diffusion chronology, quartz, porphyry deposit, Machangqing, Sanjiang Tethan domain

中图分类号:

张靓, 陈奇, 高添, 李雯, 钱金龙, 刘俐君, 王长明. 三江特提斯马厂箐斑岩铜钼矿床成矿时间尺度探讨:来自石英中Ti-Al扩散年代学的约束[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(06): 1509-1523.

ZHANG Liang, CHEN Qi, GAO Tian, LI Wen, QIAN Jinlong, LIU Lijun, WANG Changming. Delicate Timescale of the Machangqing Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit in Sanjiang Tethyan Domain, SW China: Constraints from the Diffusion Chronology of Ti and Al in Quartz[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(06): 1509-1523.

图/表 10

图1 东特提斯构造域主要地块分布(a)和金沙江—哀牢山成矿带主要钾侵入体及伴生斑岩矿床分布图(b)(据文献[30]和[56])

Fig.1 Map showing the distribution of major tectonic terranes in the Eastern Tethyan tectonic domain (a) and distributions of major potassic intrusions and associated porphyry deposits (b)(modified after refs.[30] and [56])

图2 马厂箐矿床地质简图((a),据文献[42,57])和A-A'剖面图((b),据文献[58])

Fig.2 Simplified geologic map of the Machangqing deposit (a) (modified after refs.[42] and [57]) and geologic profile along line A-A' at Machangqing deposit (b) (modified after refs.[58] )

图3 马厂箐矿床典型脉体关系手标本照片 (a)石英-钾长石脉(A1脉)切穿石英-黑云母脉(EB脉);(b)—(d)石英-钾长石脉(A1脉)与石英-辉钼矿脉(A2脉);(e)贫矿石英粗脉(B1脉)被石英-辉钼矿(B2脉)切穿;(f)辉钼矿大量富集的脉体(B2脉);(g)石英-黄铜矿-黄铁矿脉(B3脉)切穿贫矿石英脉(B1);(h)石英-辉钼矿脉(B2脉)间隙被后期黄铁矿-石英-方解脉(D脉)充填;Bt.黑云母;Cal.方解石;Ccp.黄铜矿;Kfs.钾长石;Py.黄铁矿;Qtz.石英;Mol.辉钼矿

Fig.3 Representative hand-specimen photographs of typical vein relationship at Machangqing deposit

图4 马厂箐矿床脉体类型镜下照片 (a)石英-钾长石脉(A1脉)切穿石英-黑云母脉(EB脉);(b)石英-钾长石脉(A1脉);(c)石英-辉钼矿脉(A2脉);(d)豆粒状石英为主的A1脉和长条状石英为主的贫矿石英粗脉(B1脉);(e)石英-辉钼矿-黄铜矿-黄铁矿脉(B2脉)裂隙被方解石-黄铁矿脉充填;(f)石英-黄铜矿-黄铁矿脉(B3脉)。矿物代号同图3

Fig.4 Representative photomicrographs of the vein types at Machangqing deposit

图5 马厂箐矿床成矿早阶段(A脉)及成矿主阶段(B脉)热液脉石英阴极发光(CL)图 (a)A1脉中与钾长石共生的石英未发育明显环带;(b)A1脉豆粒状CL亮石英被CL暗带石英切穿;(c)A2脉中与辉钼矿伴生的主要为半自形可见暗带的石英;(d)—(e)B2脉石英显示为蛛网状,未见明显环带;(f)B3脉石英亮度较低,显示良好的生长环带结构。矿物代号同图3

Fig.5 Quartz cathodoluminescence (CL) diagrams of hydrothermal vein in the early-ore A vein and main-stage B vein at Machangqing deposit

图6 马厂箐矿床A2脉石英分析点及钛元素扩散模拟位置

Fig.6 Analytical spots and Ti diffusion modeling positions in A2 vein quartz at Machangqing deposit

图7 马厂箐矿床A2脉石英的钛扩散模拟图 (a)(c)(e)扩散剖面拟合线图; (b)(d)(f)温度误差范围内(±10 ℃)时间尺度误差图解;扩散模拟位置见图6

Fig.7 Titanium diffusion modeling of A2 vein quartz at Machangqing deposit

图8 马厂箐矿床B3脉(样号ZK1103-354)石英铝扩散模拟图

Fig.8 Aluminum diffusion modeling of B3 vein quartz (No.ZK1103-354) at Machangqing deposit

表1 马厂箐矿床成矿热液脉石英A2和B3脉热液石英脉的EMPA元素含量(%)

Table 1 EMPA of trace elements in hydrothermal quartz veins (A2 and B3 veins) at Machangqing deposit

序号	样品号	脉体类型	CL特征	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	K₂O	FeO	TiO₂	Total
1	MC08B1-5	A2脉	亮	0.0166	99.54	0.0013	0	0.0072	99.57
2	MC08B1-6	A2脉	暗	0.0052	99.21	0.0001	0	0	99.22
3	MC08B1-8 Line 001	A2脉	亮	0.0104	99.66	0.0023	0	0.0050	99.68
4	MC08B1-8 Line 002	A2脉	暗	0.0044	99.64	0.0012	0	0.0021	99.65
5	MC08B1-8 Line 003	A2脉	亮	0.0096	99.66	0	0	0.0059	99.68
6	MC08B1-8 Line 004	A2脉	亮	0.0133	99.58	0.0052	0.0028	0.0046	99.61
7	MC08B1-8 Line 005	A2脉	暗	0.0066	99.80	0.0002	0	0.0027	99.81
8	MC08B1-8 Line 006	A2脉	暗	0.0115	99.57	0.0054	0.0028	0	99.59
9	MC08B1-8 Line 007	A2脉	暗	0.0009	99.37	0.0008	0.0006	0.0002	99.38
10	MC08B1-8 Line 008	A2脉	暗	0.0031	99.72	0.0010	0	0	99.72
11	ZK1103-354 Line 001	B3脉	灰	0.3673	99.69	0.0007	0.0007	0	100.06
12	ZK1103-354 Line 002	B3脉	灰	0.3472	99.76	0.0013	0.0001	0	100.11
13	ZK1103-354 Line 003	B3脉	亮	0.4313	99.16	0.0022	0	0	99.59
14	ZK1103-354 Line 004	B3脉	亮	1.0337	98.43	0.0022	0	0	99.47
15	ZK1103-354 Line 005	B3脉	暗	0.1498	99.58	0.0013	0.0024	0	99.73
16	ZK1103-354 Line 006	B3脉	灰	0.1775	99.71	0.0029	0.0003	0	99.89
17	ZK1103-354 Line 007	B3脉	灰	0.1336	99.81	0.0033	0	0	99.95
18	ZK1103-354 Line 008	B3脉	灰	0.1495	99.64	0.0029	0.0103	0	99.80
19	ZK1103-354 Line 009	B3脉	灰	0.1176	99.66	0.0017	0.0005	0	99.78
20	ZK1103-354 Line 010	B3脉	灰	0.0927	99.76	0.0023	0.0040	0	99.86

表2 马场箐矿床不同热液石英脉(A2脉和B3脉)时间尺度

Table 2 Timescale of different hydrothermal quartz veins (A2 and B3 veins) in the Machangqing deposit

样号	阶段	建模点号	扩散距离 (μm)	浓度梯度 (10^-6)	估测温度 (℃)	扩散速率D (m²/s)	最佳拟合时间 (ka)	时间尺度误差范围 (ka)
MC08B1	早阶段: A2脉	A	10	43	611	3.01×10^-24	10.5	+30.8/-7.8
		B	10	30	578	1.23×10^-24	57.5	+227.8/-45.9
		C	10	35	593	5.49×10^-24	40.2	+86.5/-27.4
ZK1103-354	成矿主阶段:B3脉	A	15	1441	440	3.82×10^-25	522.3	+37516.0/-515.1

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三江特提斯马厂箐斑岩铜钼矿床成矿时间尺度探讨:来自石英中Ti-Al扩散年代学的约束

Delicate Timescale of the Machangqing Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit in Sanjiang Tethyan Domain, SW China: Constraints from the Diffusion Chronology of Ti and Al in Quartz

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