混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于混杂堆积的搬运过程与沉积过程具有快速无分选的特点,其成因识别成为国内外学者研究的焦点。石英砂表面特征的综合研究作为沉积环境重建的方法之一,在混杂堆积亚相的区分中能起到较好的作用。概述了冰碛、滑坡/崩塌/崩滑、泥石流及溃坝堆积的石英砂表面特征的研究现状,对这4种混杂堆积类型的石英砂表面特征进行整合厘定,比较了不同类型的石英砂表面结构特征,揭示其主要机械结构和组合模式的异同,强调在混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究中能级与粒间接触方式判断的重要性。最后,指出目前混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究的难点,并探讨今后研究的方向和应重点解决的问题。

关键词: 混杂堆积, 石英砂, 表面特征, 组合模式, 粒间接触方式, 沉积环境

Abstract:

Due to the characteristics of quickness and no-sorting in the transport and deposition processes, the cause of formation identification of diamictons has become the main concern among domestic and foreign scho-lars. The comprehensive study on the surface textures of quartz sands in diamictons is one of the common me-thods to reconstruct sedimentary environment, which plays an important role in the identification of diamictons. This paper summarized the previous studies to construct an interpretation scheme and combination mode to differentiate among deposits of till, landside, debris, and dam-break flood deposits based on micro-textures. Moreover, the relationship between the particle contact mode and quartz sand surface micro-texture of these high-energy events was analyzed. Based on the current difficulties in the study of surface textures of quartz sands in diamictons, the future research direction and the key problem to be solved were proposed.

Key words: diamicton, quartz sand, surface texture, combination mode, particle contact mode, sedimentaryenviroment

中图分类号:

P642.2

陈瑞琛, 陈剑, 崔之久. 混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究[J]. 现代地质, 2019, 33(05): 1128-1136.

CHEN Ruichen, CHEN Jian, CUI Zhijiu. Research on the Surface Textures of the Quartz Sand in Diamictons[J]. Geoscience, 2019, 33(05): 1128-1136.

图/表 6

参考文献 78

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物理结构特征	成因与特点
棱角状、高起伏	剪切、碰撞破碎导致磨圆度较差
深坑	固定挤压形成
叠瓦状的破裂构造	冰川磨碎作用的显著特征
擦痕、刻槽	颗粒间发生研磨滑动形成,呈现出长、深、平直的特点
平行条纹	定向滑动形成
剪切断口	剪切作用的结果
贝壳状断口	由碰撞或挤压形成的各种大小的贝壳状断口
冰碛的解理台阶	常叠加在贝壳状断口之上,碰撞或冻融释压导致破裂特征
翻翘片	碰撞使解理面发生翻翘
弯曲的棱脊	含量较低,碰撞形成并常在研磨中被改造

物理结构特征	成因与特点
棱角状、高起伏	剪切、碰撞破碎导致磨圆度较差
深坑	固定挤压形成
叠瓦状的破裂构造	冰川磨碎作用的显著特征
擦痕、刻槽	颗粒间发生研磨滑动形成,呈现出长、深、平直的特点
平行条纹	定向滑动形成
剪切断口	剪切作用的结果
贝壳状断口	由碰撞或挤压形成的各种大小的贝壳状断口
冰碛的解理台阶	常叠加在贝壳状断口之上,碰撞或冻融释压导致破裂特征
翻翘片	碰撞使解理面发生翻翘
弯曲的棱脊	含量较低,碰撞形成并常在研磨中被改造

类型	含量	成因	反映的能级
叠瓦状磨削	—	研磨	****
裂隙	**	碰撞、挤压	***
断裂面	**	碰撞、研磨	***
平行条纹	***	滑动	***
断块	****	剧烈碰撞	***
贝壳状断口	****	剧烈碰撞	***
阶梯状断口	**	碰撞	**
翻翘片	**	碰撞	**
划痕	**	滑动	**
碟型坑	**	碰撞	**
弯曲脊	*	碰撞	**
V型坑、痕	*	碰撞	*
边缘磨损	*	碰撞、研磨	*

类型	含量	成因	反映的能级
叠瓦状磨削	—	研磨	****
裂隙	**	碰撞、挤压	***
断裂面	**	碰撞、研磨	***
平行条纹	***	滑动	***
断块	****	剧烈碰撞	***
贝壳状断口	****	剧烈碰撞	***
阶梯状断口	**	碰撞	**
翻翘片	**	碰撞	**
划痕	**	滑动	**
碟型坑	**	碰撞	**
弯曲脊	*	碰撞	**
V型坑、痕	*	碰撞	*
边缘磨损	*	碰撞、研磨	*

沉积物类型	机械作用特征组合模式
冰碛	棱角、次棱角状;丰富的贝壳状断口(大小尺寸均有)、少量翻翘片;平整解理面、深而直的擦痕、划痕细槽;固定研压的深坑
崩滑积	棱角状;丰富的贝壳状断口(大小尺寸均有)、阶梯状断裂以及撞击坑;平行划痕以及细槽;保留有易碎结构
黏性泥石流堆积	尖棱角状;极为丰富的贝壳状断口(大小均有),大型撞击坑、薄膜式撞击坑;刮削形成的表面擦痕
稀性泥石流堆积	次棱角状;大量贝壳状断口(中小断口居多)、大小撞击坑
滑坡型溃坝堆积	次棱角状、次圆状;断块、贝壳状断口、V型坑、碟形坑;磨光面少;上、中、下段分段性强
洪积	次棱角、次圆状;贝壳状断口(小断口居多)、V型撞击坑多;磨光面多
河流相	次棱、次圆、圆状;V型坑、小撞击坑、小贝壳状断口;较多磨光面