豫西中元古界龙家园组二段叠层石特征及其沉积环境分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叠层石记录早期环境、蓝细菌和微生物群落的生命活动,其生长形态受到沉积环境的影响,对古环境恢复具有重要意义。豫西中元古界官道口群龙家园组二段叠层石发育形态类型丰富,分布集中,是叠层石发育的典型地区,其分布与全球性事件、海洋地球化学环境和微生物岩的发展密切相关,但尚未见对其详细研究。基于此,本文选取龙家园组二段叠层石发育剖面为研究对象,对叠层石开展野外宏观形态和室内微观特征分析,据此反演沉积环境演化过程和建立沉积模式,并与其他地区同时代叠层石进行对比研究。结果表明龙家园组二段叠层石宏观形态可分为水平纹层状、波纹状、丘状、锥状和柱状,显微表现出明暗纹层,局部含少量鲕粒、球粒、碎屑物质等。鉴于水平层状叠层石发育在潮间带,波纹状、丘状叠层石发育在潮间高能带及潮下低能带,锥状、柱状叠层石则发育在潮下带,认为龙家园组二段叠层石形成于潮坪环境,经历了潮间带-潮下带-潮间带的环境演化过程。本研究有助于揭示华北南缘中元古代早期微生物岩发育环境。另外,将本研究区与华北北缘蓟县地区同时期微生物岩沉积环境进行对比分析,发现该时期微生物岩分布广泛,叠层石结构与环境演变之间存在密切关系,为全面探索该时期华北克拉通周缘海洋环境、大气环境与微生物岩发育之间的关系提供新的证据。

关键词: 叠层石, 龙家园组, 沉积环境, 豫西地区

Abstract:

Stromatolites recorded the life activities of early environment, cyanobacteria and microbial community, and their growth morphology was influenced by the sedimentary environment, which is of great significance for the paleo-environmental reconstruction. Stromatolites from the Longjiayuan Formation (2^nd member)of the Mesoproterozoic Guandaokou Group in western Henan have various morphological types and concentrated in distribution, which is a typical area for stromatolites development. The distribution of stromatolites is closely related to global events, geochemical environment of the Precambrian ocean and the development of microbiolites, yet detailed research is still lacking. Based on this, we conducted a systematic field investigation and petrological examination on the microbialite structure on these stromatolites, studied the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the stromatolites, established the sedimentary environment evolution and sedimentary model, and compared with the stromatolites from other areas. The results show that the macroscopic morphology of the stromatolites can be divided into horizontal laminae, ripple, hilly, cone, and column. Microscopically, the stromatolites are light and dark laminae, with few ooids, spherular and detrital materials locally. The shape and scale of stromatolites are closely related to the hydrodynamic conditions and water depth. Horizontal laminated stromatolites were developed in the intertidal zone, whilst corrugated and mound stromatolites were developed in the intertidal high-energy zone and low-energy zone. Meanwhile, cone and columnar stromatolites were developed in the subtidal zone. Our comprehensive analysis shows that our stromatolite samples were formed in a tidal-flat environment, and were influenced by the sedimentary evolution process of intertidal, subtidal and intertidal zones. It is beneficial to analyze the Early Mesoproterozoic development environment of microbiolites in the southern margin of North China. Besides, we compared our results with the sedimentary environment of microbiolites in Jixian area (northern margin of North China), in order to explore the relationship between marine environment, atmospheric environment, and microbiolites around the North China Craton.

Key words: stromatolite, Longjiayuan Formation, sedimentary environment, western Henan

中图分类号:

李倩倩, 郑德顺. 豫西中元古界龙家园组二段叠层石特征及其沉积环境分析[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(04): 845-857.

LI Qianqian, ZHENG Deshun. Characteristics of Stromatolites and Its Significance in Depositional Environment Reconstruction of the Mesoproterozoic Longjiayuan Formation (2^nd Member), Western Henan[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(04): 845-857.

图/表 7

图1 华北南缘前寒武纪地质简图及龙家园组地层分布概况 (a)华北南缘前寒武纪主要构造格架图(据吕奇奇等[30]修改);(b)华北南缘前寒武纪地质简图(据吕奇奇等[30]修改);(c)豫西地区龙家园组剖面位置图;(d)豫西官道口群地层柱状图

Fig.1 Precambrian geological map of the southern margin of North China and stratigraphic distribution of Longjiayuan Formation

图2 豫西地区龙家园组二段综合柱状图

Fig.2 Comprehensive column of the Longjiayuan Formation (2nd member) in western Henan

图3 豫西地区龙家园组二段叠层石类型及宏观特征 (a)水平层状叠层石;(b)波纹状叠层石;(c)丘状叠层石;(d)丘状叠层石,中间水平纹层过渡;(e)锥状叠层石;(f)柱状叠层石

Fig.3 Types and macroscopic characteristics of stromatolites from the Longjiayuan Formation (2nd member) in western Henan

图4 豫西地区龙家园组二段叠层石显微镜下特征 (a)同心圈层状原始核物质,单偏光,样品号83;(b)密集分布的微球体、碎屑颗粒,正交偏光,样品号83;(c)黄色箭头指向为空心球体颗粒,正交偏光,样品号83;(d)黄色箭头指向亮色纹层,红色箭头指向暗色纹层,正交偏光,样品号82;(e)叠层石藻丝纹层弯曲分布,正交偏光,样品号69;(f)黄色箭头指向细菌团状球体,单偏光,样品号57;(g)放射状鲕粒,单偏光,样品号66;(h)黄色箭头指向放射状鲕粒,红色箭头指向不规则状鲕粒,边缘分布许多颗粒碎屑,单偏光,样品号66

Fig.4 Microscopic characteristics of stromatolites from the Longjiayuan Formation (2nd member) in western Henan

图5 叠层石明暗纹层SEM显微特征 (a)SEM图像显示黄色箭头指向较小的不规则球状晶体,红色箭头指向钙化残留物;(b)错纵交织的钙化丝状体特写

Fig.5 SEM characteristics of stromatolite light and dark lamellae

图6 豫西地区龙家园组二段叠层石层位分布图

Fig.6 Stratigraphic distribution of stromatolites from the Longjiayuan Formation (2nd member)in western Henan

图7 豫西地区龙家园组二段叠层石沉积模式(据金廷福[48]修改) (a)锥状叠层石,硅质团块;(b)核形石,椭圆形结核状构造;(c)厚层丘状叠层石;(d)不规则水平纹层叠层石,硅质条带

Fig.7 Sedimentary model of stromatolites in the Longjiayuan Formation (2nd member) in western Henan (modified after Jin[48])

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