胶东仓上金矿黄铁矿微量元素组成:对成矿流体和物质来源的揭示

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北克拉通胶东金矿区是中国最大的黄金产区之一,探明黄金资源储量超过5000 t。蚀变岩型金矿床作为该区域重要的矿床成因类型,长期备受关注,然而在成矿流体属性和成矿物质来源等方面仍然存在争议。本文通过对胶东地区西北部典型蚀变岩型金矿床(以仓上金矿床为例)黄铁矿进行LA-ICP-MS分析,探讨该矿床成矿流体属性和物质来源,为深化认识成矿过程提供新的制约。结果显示,仓上金矿床黄铁矿Se元素含量相对较低(平均值1.601×10^-6),指示其可能主要由沉积变质作用形成的。Au/As比值指示第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ成矿阶段黄铁矿内的Au以晶格金的形式(Au⁺)赋存。结合前人对于胶东金矿区流体性质的研究成果,仓上金矿床黄铁矿相对均一的Co/Ni比值与Ag含量的大幅度增加,综合指示矿床成矿流体主要是岩浆水,同时也有一定的地层水与大气降水参与。Te元素含量较低反映成矿物质主要来源于地幔的可能性比较小。然而较低的Co、Ni含量显著不同于岩浆成因黄铁矿特征,指示成矿物质中可能混入了少量的地幔组分。结合胶东成矿期(约120 Ma)的构造事件与岩浆作用,认为成矿物质Au可能源于中生代活化再造的前寒武纪变质基底,并混入了少量地幔组分。

关键词: 仓上金矿床, 黄铁矿, 成矿流体, 成矿物质

Abstract:

The Jiaodong gold province in North China Craton is one of the largest goldfields in China,with proven gold reserves over 5,000 tons.As an important gold deposit type in this region,disseminated ore has been widely studied for a long time,but the properties of ore-forming fluids and the sources of ore-forming materials are still controversial.Based on the LA-ICP-MS pyrite analysis on the typical disseminated gold ore (from the Cangshang gold deposit)in northwestern Jiaodong,we discussed the ore-forming fluid properties and material sources of the deposit,which provides new constraints for further understanding of the ore-forming process.The results show that the pyrite Se content of the Cangshang gold deposit is relatively low (mean 1.601×10^-6),indicating that the deposit may be mainly formed by sedimentary metamorphism.The Au/As ratio indicates that Au occurs in the form of lattice gold (Au⁺) in pyrite during the mineralization stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Combined with the published results on the Jiaodong ore-fluid properties,the relatively uniform Co/Ni ratios and the rise of the major pyrite Ag content at Cangshang indicate that the ore-forming fluid is mainly magmatic,with certain input of metamorphic water and meteoric water.The low Te content indicates that the ore-forming material was less likely mantle-derived.However,the low Co and Ni contents are significantly different from the magmatic pyrite characteristics,suggesting that the ore-forming material may be mixed with minor mantle components.Combined with the tectono-magmatic events of the Jiaodong metallogenic period (about 120 Ma),it is suggested that the gold and relevant ore-forming materials may have sourced from the Precambrian metamorphic basement remobilized by Mesozoic activation and mixed with minor mantle components.

Key words: Cangshang gold deposit, pyrite, ore-forming fluid, ore-forming material

中图分类号:

P595
P618.51

冉笑宇, 马遥, 梁亚运, 刘学飞. 胶东仓上金矿黄铁矿微量元素组成:对成矿流体和物质来源的揭示[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(06): 1495-1508.

RAN Xiaoyu, MA Yao, LIANG Yayun, LIU Xuefei. Trace Elements Composition of Pyrites in the Cangshang Gold Deposit,Jiaodong: Implications for Source of Ore-forming Fluid and Material[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(06): 1495-1508.

图/表 10

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成矿阶段	样号	Co	Ni	Sb	Pb	Bi	Se	Sn	Au	Ag	Cu	Zn	As	Te	Mn	Fe	Mo	Cd	Gd	Hf	Tl
Ⅱ阶段	CS-9-5-1	0.338	3.220	2.961	11.041	0.079	1.890	0.129	-	0.450	32.534	6.446	5.657	0.152	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-5-2	0.036	-	0.037	0.244	0.010	1.485	0.125	-	-	-	-	18.376	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-5-3	0.101	3.037	0.481	4.416	0.046	2.078	0.145	0.098	0.079	0.812	0.183	2948.560	-	-	465000	-	-	0.017	-	-
	CS-9-4-1	-	-	0.147	1.159	0.025	1.294	0.123	0.092	0.014	-	-	4786.972	-	0.138	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-4-2	0.028	-	-	0.194	-	1.473	0.119	0.109	-	-	0.183	4544.973	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-3-1	0.037	0.073	0.392	1.810	0.020	1.328	0.135	0.023	0.249	0.219	0.176	1894.910	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-3-2	-	-	-	0.185	-	1.380	0.127	0.078	0.029	0.128	-	3842.034	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-2-1	122.782	14.966	0.110	206.152	36.639	1.340	0.134	0.010	5.148	75.949	2.327	37.846	0.793	-	465000	0.104	-	0.016	-	-
	CS-9-2-2	0.027	1.163	0.311	3.102	0.035	1.732	0.132	0.092	0.179	0.379	0.174	2311.753	0.132	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-2-3	76.635	41.084	0.453	163.950	176.089	2.012	0.174	0.044	27.400	287.387	10.466	141.067	1.269	-	465000	-	0.259	0.005	0.004	-
Ⅲ阶段	CS-10-1-1	0.049	0.602	0.420	3.715	0.806	2.324	0.136	0.042	1.055	1.037	0.196	3183.784	-	-	465000	-	-	0.006	0.439	0.009
	CS-10-1-2	0.016	-	0.388	58.461	5.025	2.336	0.147	0.012	1.576	1.509	0.155	72.877	2.092	-	465000	0.127	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-1-3	-	0.161	3.145	7.585	2.300	1.682	0.112	0.678	6.497	5.671	0.284	3600.889	0.509	-	465000	-	0.044	-	-	0.112
	CS-10-2-1	0.084	0.674	0.054	0.695	0.282	-	0.144	0.082	0.027	0.206	-	4584.149	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-2-2	1.958	0.847	-	0.094	0.054	2.050	0.149	-	-	-	-	436.279	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-2-3	0.105	1.620	0.037	0.427	0.085	1.520	0.126	0.050	0.028	0.205	0.230	2878.536	-	-	465000	0.053	-	-	0.047	-
	CS-10-3-1	0.091	0.819	0.046	0.556	0.033	1.281	0.122	0.089	0.019	-	0.294	3221.840	0.195	-	465000	-	-	-	0.179	-
	CS-10-3-2	-	-	0.698	223.663	11.491	1.549	0.151	-	17.125	2677.792	8.644	3.036	-	-	465000	0.109	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-3-3	0.967	4.950	0.732	1835.110	375.915	2.066	0.119	0.084	147.872	36.578	2.525	1067.693	6.273	-	465000	-	0.263	-	-	0.011
	CS-10-4-1	0.206	-	0.067	57.144	14.947	1.578	0.123	0.013	6.482	43.548	1.066	308.918	0.607	-	465000	0.044	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-4-2	4.404	9.665	0.037	0.715	1.457	1.513	0.112	0.037	0.093	0.207	-	2336.140	0.226	-	465000	-	-	-	0.026	-
	CS-10-5-1	0.436	-	0.380	1553.841	337.566	2.529	0.175	0.111	152.034	172.713	2.922	384.058	9.808	-	465000	-	0.214	-	-	0.015
	CS-10-5-2	0.374	-	-	0.123	0.060	1.907	0.160	-	-	-	-	23.141	-	-	465000	-	-	0.006	-	-
	CS-10-5-3	0.173	0.454	1.369	8.557	2.605	1.991	0.186	0.202	0.483	1.148	0.338	3978.333	-	-	465000	-	-	-	0.056	-

成矿阶段	样号	Co	Ni	Sb	Pb	Bi	Se	Sn	Au	Ag	Cu	Zn	As	Te	Mn	Fe	Mo	Cd	Gd	Hf	Tl
Ⅱ阶段	CS-9-5-1	0.338	3.220	2.961	11.041	0.079	1.890	0.129	-	0.450	32.534	6.446	5.657	0.152	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-5-2	0.036	-	0.037	0.244	0.010	1.485	0.125	-	-	-	-	18.376	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-5-3	0.101	3.037	0.481	4.416	0.046	2.078	0.145	0.098	0.079	0.812	0.183	2948.560	-	-	465000	-	-	0.017	-	-
	CS-9-4-1	-	-	0.147	1.159	0.025	1.294	0.123	0.092	0.014	-	-	4786.972	-	0.138	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-4-2	0.028	-	-	0.194	-	1.473	0.119	0.109	-	-	0.183	4544.973	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-3-1	0.037	0.073	0.392	1.810	0.020	1.328	0.135	0.023	0.249	0.219	0.176	1894.910	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-3-2	-	-	-	0.185	-	1.380	0.127	0.078	0.029	0.128	-	3842.034	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-2-1	122.782	14.966	0.110	206.152	36.639	1.340	0.134	0.010	5.148	75.949	2.327	37.846	0.793	-	465000	0.104	-	0.016	-	-
	CS-9-2-2	0.027	1.163	0.311	3.102	0.035	1.732	0.132	0.092	0.179	0.379	0.174	2311.753	0.132	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-9-2-3	76.635	41.084	0.453	163.950	176.089	2.012	0.174	0.044	27.400	287.387	10.466	141.067	1.269	-	465000	-	0.259	0.005	0.004	-
Ⅲ阶段	CS-10-1-1	0.049	0.602	0.420	3.715	0.806	2.324	0.136	0.042	1.055	1.037	0.196	3183.784	-	-	465000	-	-	0.006	0.439	0.009
	CS-10-1-2	0.016	-	0.388	58.461	5.025	2.336	0.147	0.012	1.576	1.509	0.155	72.877	2.092	-	465000	0.127	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-1-3	-	0.161	3.145	7.585	2.300	1.682	0.112	0.678	6.497	5.671	0.284	3600.889	0.509	-	465000	-	0.044	-	-	0.112
	CS-10-2-1	0.084	0.674	0.054	0.695	0.282	-	0.144	0.082	0.027	0.206	-	4584.149	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-2-2	1.958	0.847	-	0.094	0.054	2.050	0.149	-	-	-	-	436.279	-	-	465000	-	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-2-3	0.105	1.620	0.037	0.427	0.085	1.520	0.126	0.050	0.028	0.205	0.230	2878.536	-	-	465000	0.053	-	-	0.047	-
	CS-10-3-1	0.091	0.819	0.046	0.556	0.033	1.281	0.122	0.089	0.019	-	0.294	3221.840	0.195	-	465000	-	-	-	0.179	-
	CS-10-3-2	-	-	0.698	223.663	11.491	1.549	0.151	-	17.125	2677.792	8.644	3.036	-	-	465000	0.109	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-3-3	0.967	4.950	0.732	1835.110	375.915	2.066	0.119	0.084	147.872	36.578	2.525	1067.693	6.273	-	465000	-	0.263	-	-	0.011
	CS-10-4-1	0.206	-	0.067	57.144	14.947	1.578	0.123	0.013	6.482	43.548	1.066	308.918	0.607	-	465000	0.044	-	-	-	-
	CS-10-4-2	4.404	9.665	0.037	0.715	1.457	1.513	0.112	0.037	0.093	0.207	-	2336.140	0.226	-	465000	-	-	-	0.026	-
	CS-10-5-1	0.436	-	0.380	1553.841	337.566	2.529	0.175	0.111	152.034	172.713	2.922	384.058	9.808	-	465000	-	0.214	-	-	0.015
	CS-10-5-2	0.374	-	-	0.123	0.060	1.907	0.160	-	-	-	-	23.141	-	-	465000	-	-	0.006	-	-
	CS-10-5-3	0.173	0.454	1.369	8.557	2.605	1.991	0.186	0.202	0.483	1.148	0.338	3978.333	-	-	465000	-	-	-	0.056	-