北京西山下苇甸第三统/芙蓉统界线附近碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及古环境意义

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.197

现代地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (02): 729-741.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.197

北京西山下苇甸第三统/芙蓉统界线附近碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及古环境意义

白翔宇¹^,²(), 马郡伟³, 夏清萍¹^,², 谭先锋⁴, 李开开¹^,²()

1. 中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院,北京 100083
2. 海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
3. 中国华油集团有限公司油气资源事业部,北京 100101
4. 重庆科技学院石油与天然气工程学院,重庆 401331

收稿日期:2021-02-15 修回日期:2021-05-15 出版日期:2022-04-10 发布日期:2022-06-01
通讯作者: 李开开
作者简介:李开开,男,副教授,博士,1983年出生,石油工程专业,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层流体-岩石相互作用研究工作。Email: likaikai@cugb.edu.cn。
白翔宇,男,本科生,1999年出生,石油工程专业,主要从事碳酸盐岩地球化学研究工作。Email: 912946680@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972154);中央高校基本科研业务专项资金项目(2652019104)

Geochemistry of Carbonates Near the Cambrian Series 3-Furongian Boundary and Its Paleoenvironmental Constraints

BAI Xiangyu¹^,²(), MA Junwei³, XIA Qingping¹^,², TAN Xianfeng⁴, LI Kaikai¹^,²()

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
3. Oil and Gas Resources Department, China Huayou Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100101, China
4. College of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China

Received:2021-02-15 Revised:2021-05-15 Online:2022-04-10 Published:2022-06-01
Contact: LI Kaikai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

芙蓉世早期全球发生的生物绝灭事件与该时期古环境的变化可能存在着密切联系,但未有定论;相对于深水相区,浅水台地沉积物地球化学特征对古环境的变化有着更敏感的响应,有利于深化这一问题的理解。选取北京西山下苇甸剖面第三统崮山组和芙蓉统长山组碳酸盐岩沉积为研究对象,通过元素地球化学和同位素的分析,重建这一时期古环境的变迁过程,并探讨其与生命演化的关系。结果表明:崮山组和长山组沉积更替时期,古气候和古海洋环境有大的波动。海水由海平面低点快速海侵,水体还原性急剧增强,海水温度降至最低点,盐度升高至最高点,可能这是三叶虫生态崩溃及其灭绝的重要原因。长山组早期干热气候和温湿气候交替频繁,大规模海侵促使陆源碎屑物质输入的增加,海水中营养元素的富集促进了生物勃发;同时深水的还原性条件有利于有机质的保存,最终导致碳酸盐岩碳同位素的正漂。研究还表明,这次碳同位素正漂的发生与长山中晚期海平面的下降没有明显的成因联系。

关键词: 元素地球化学, 碳同位素, 古环境, 碳酸盐岩, 下苇甸, 北京西山

Abstract:

The early Furongian mass extinction was likely related to paleoenvironmental changes, yet their relations remain unconstrained. Geochemical signals of shallow-water platform sediments are more sensitive to paleoenvironmental changes than deep-water sediments, which is conducive to understanding this issue. Carbonates in the Cambrian Series 3 Gushan Formation and the Furongian Changshan Formation in the Xiaweidian section of the Xishan (Beijing) were selected for element geochemical and isotopic analyses. The aim is to trace the paleoenvironmental evolution during the Kushanian-Changshanian transition, and to assess its effects on life evolution. The results reveal a major fluctuation in the paleoclimate and paleo-marine environment during the transition period. The sea-level lowstand at the end of Kushanian Stage was followed by rapid transgression in the early Changshanian Stage, during which seawater may have become significantly reducing. These changes, combining with the seawater temperature drop (to minimum) and salinity rise (to maximum), could explain the collapse of trilobite ecology and its subsequent extinction. During this period, the frequent alternation of dry-hot and warm-humid climate and the large-scale transgression may have facilitated the terrigenous detrital (and nutrients) input into the seawater, which promoted biological growth. The presence of deep reducing water is favorable for organic matter preservation, which eventually led to the Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion in the carbonates. We propose that strong correlation is unlikely between the Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion and the Middle to Late Changshanian sea-level drop.

Key words: element geochemistry, carbon isotopes, paleoenvironment, carbonates, Xiaweidian, Xishan, Beijing

中图分类号:

TE121.3

白翔宇, 马郡伟, 夏清萍, 谭先锋, 李开开. 北京西山下苇甸第三统/芙蓉统界线附近碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及古环境意义[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(02): 729-741.

BAI Xiangyu, MA Junwei, XIA Qingping, TAN Xianfeng, LI Kaikai. Geochemistry of Carbonates Near the Cambrian Series 3-Furongian Boundary and Its Paleoenvironmental Constraints[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(02): 729-741.

图/表 10

图1 华北地区芙蓉世古地理图(底图据牟传龙等[14])

Fig.1 Paleogeographic map of North China during the Furongian (after Mou[14])

图2 下苇甸剖面崮山组和长山组典型岩石类型特征 (a)崮山组、长山组和凤山组野外剖面;(b)条带状粉砂岩、钙质泥岩以及泥质条带灰岩,崮山组中下部野外剖面;(c)钙质泥岩镜下照片,单偏光,崮山组;(d)粉砂岩,单偏光,崮山组;(e)鲕粒灰岩与泥晶灰岩互层,崮山组上部野外剖面;(f)鲕粒灰岩,单偏光,崮山组上部;(g)泥晶灰岩、竹叶状灰岩和泥灰岩,长山组野外剖面;(h)竹叶状灰岩,单偏光,长山组;(i)泥质灰岩,单偏光,长山组

Fig.2 Characteristics of various rock types from the Gushan and Changshan formations in the Xiaweidian section

表1 下苇甸剖面碳酸盐岩样品部分参数情况

Table 1 Parameters of the carbonate samples from the Xiaweidian section

层位	各类指标
层位	Mn/Sr	Mg/Ca	FeO/MnO	Ce/La	1000 Sr/Ca
崮山组	$0.24 ~ 1.19 0.62$	$0.01 ~ 0.10 0.04$	$19.62 ~ 78.08 40.94$	$1.38 ~ 2.01 1.64$	$1.15 ~ 2.18 1.59$
长山组	$0.62 ~ 3.82 1.96$	$0.02 ~ 0.38 0.11$	$6.97 ~ 150.90 60.59$	$1.43 ~ 1.86 1.65$	$1.28 ~ 1.73 1.49$
层位	Ni/Co	V/(V+Ni)	T/℃	Z	δEu
崮山组	$2.41 ~ 36.14 15.16$	$0.002 ~ 0.10 0.03$	$16.44 ~ 24.23 20.27$	$120.93 ~ 124.29 122.81$	$0.88 ~ 1.23 1.06$
长山组	$2.83 ~ 73.61 17.84$	$0.000 7 ~ 0.02 0.01$	$17.36 ~ 24.97 22.12$	$122.11 ~ 124.86 123.52$	$0.96 ~ 1.36 1.16$

表1 下苇甸剖面碳酸盐岩样品部分参数情况

Table 1 Parameters of the carbonate samples from the Xiaweidian section

层位	各类指标
层位	Mn/Sr	Mg/Ca	FeO/MnO	Ce/La	1000 Sr/Ca
崮山组	$0.24 ~ 1.19 0.62$	$0.01 ~ 0.10 0.04$	$19.62 ~ 78.08 40.94$	$1.38 ~ 2.01 1.64$	$1.15 ~ 2.18 1.59$
长山组	$0.62 ~ 3.82 1.96$	$0.02 ~ 0.38 0.11$	$6.97 ~ 150.90 60.59$	$1.43 ~ 1.86 1.65$	$1.28 ~ 1.73 1.49$
层位	Ni/Co	V/(V+Ni)	T/℃	Z	δEu
崮山组	$2.41 ~ 36.14 15.16$	$0.002 ~ 0.10 0.03$	$16.44 ~ 24.23 20.27$	$120.93 ~ 124.29 122.81$	$0.88 ~ 1.23 1.06$
长山组	$2.83 ~ 73.61 17.84$	$0.000 7 ~ 0.02 0.01$	$17.36 ~ 24.97 22.12$	$122.11 ~ 124.86 123.52$	$0.96 ~ 1.36 1.16$

图3 下苇甸剖面碳酸盐岩样品稀土元素参数相关关系

Fig.3 Relationship of the REE parameters in the carbonate samples from the Xiaweidian outcrop

图4 下苇甸剖面碳酸盐岩样品δ13C与δ18O相关关系

Fig.4 δ13C vs. δ18O correlations of the carbonate samples from the Xiaweidian section

图5 下苇甸剖面碳酸盐岩样品特征元素参数纵向变化特征

Fig.5 Vertical profiles of typical element parameters of carbonate samples from the Xiaweidian section

图6 下苇甸剖面碳酸盐岩样品陆源物质与营养元素含量纵向变化特征

Fig.6 Vertical profiles of the contents of terrigenous materials and nutrient elements of the carbonate samples from the Xiaweidian section

图7 下苇甸剖面碳酸盐岩样品碳氧同位素与古海洋温度、盐度纵向变化特征

Fig.7 Vertical δ13C and δ18O profiles of the carbonate samples from the Xiaweidian section and paleo-ocean temperature and salinity

图8 北京西山第三世-芙蓉世海平面变化曲线图(据梅冥相等[8]、孟祥化等[35])

Fig.8 Sea-level variation curves during the Cambrian Series 3-Furongian in Xishan, Beijing

图9 寒武系芙蓉统碳同位素正漂移全球对比

Fig. 9 Global comparison of the Cambrian Furongian Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion

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北京西山下苇甸第三统/芙蓉统界线附近碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及古环境意义

Geochemistry of Carbonates Near the Cambrian Series 3-Furongian Boundary and Its Paleoenvironmental Constraints

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