渤海辽北地区新生代断裂特征及其演变过程

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.06.082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于辽北地区三维地震资料和实钻井资料,对盆地结构特征和断裂体系进行精细刻画,并进一步结合区域地球动力学背景,对辽北地区(辽西凹陷北洼、鸳鸯沟洼陷、中央凸起南部倾末端和辽西凸起北部倾末端) 新生代的构造演化过程进行了分析总结。结果表明:(1) 主干控盆断裂的产状、活动性的变化使得辽北地区的盆地结构沿凹陷轴向自南部到北部存在差异:北部表现为东南断(陷) 西北翘(倾) 典型的简单半地堑断陷特征,中部受辽西2号断裂和辽西3号断裂控制,发育两个“半地堑”,共同构成了多米诺式半地堑系,南部辽西大断层正好切割盆地西部边界,表现为不对称的复杂“地堑”结构。(2) 古新世—始新世断裂系统主要由NE向正断层组成,控制了盆地基底构造形态;渐新世则以NNE主干走滑断裂及其派生的次级断裂为主,且在主走滑带发育典型的张性或压性走滑转换构造;新近纪时期断裂体系以一系列次级断裂组合呈雁列式或羽状构造样式呈NNE展布为特征。(3) 辽北地区新生代主要经历了三期构造演化阶段,分别是古新世—中始新世的强伸展弱走滑阶段、渐新世的强伸展强走滑阶段和新近纪的弱走滑拗陷阶段。

关键词: 渤海湾盆地, 辽北地区, 盆地结构, 断裂特征, 成因机制

Abstract:

Based on fine interpretations of 3D seismic data and drill-hole data from northern Liaoning, the structural characteristics and fracture system of the basin are characterized in detail, and integrated with the regional geodynamic framework of the northern Liaodong Bay (northern part of the Liaoxi, Yuanyanggou, and central depressions). Cenozoic tectonic evolution process of the southern tip of the bulge and the northern tip of the Liaoxi bulge was analyzed in detail. The results show that: (1) Changes in the occurrence and activity of the major controlling basinal faults make the basinal structure in northern Liaoning different from south to north along the depression axis: the northern part is characterized by the southeast fault (sag). The simple half-graben fault features are controlled by the Liaoxi No.2 and No.3 faults in the middle, and two half-grabens are developed to form a domino-type half-graben system. The southern Liaoning large fault cuts the western boundary of the basin, as manifested by an asymmetric complex graben structure. (2) Paleocene-Eocene fault system has mainly NE-trending normal faults, which controls the basin basement structure. In the Oligocene, the NNE-trending strike-slip faults and their secondary faults dominate, and the main strike-slip fault zone has developed a typical trans-tensional/-pressive transition structure. The Neogene fault system is characterized by a series of secondary fault combinations with an NNE en echelon pattern. (3) Cenozoic northern Liaoning experienced three stages of tectonic evolution, i.e.Paleocene-Miocene strong extension and weak strike-slip stage, Oligocene strong extensional strike-slip stage, and Neogene strike-slip stage.

Key words: Bohai Bay Basin, Liaobei area, basin structure, fault structure, genetic mechanism

中图分类号:

TE121.2

张江涛, 郭涛, 王冰洁, 李虹霖, 王茂桢. 渤海辽北地区新生代断裂特征及其演变过程[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(06): 1110-1118.

ZHANG Jiangtao, GUO Tao, WANG Bingjie, LI Honglin, WANG Maozhen. Structure and Evolution Analyses of the Liaobei Area of Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(06): 1110-1118.

图/表 7

图1 辽北地区地理位置图

Fig.1 Geographic map of the Liaobei area

图2 辽北地区自北到南地震剖面

Fig.2 Interpreted seismic profile of the Liaobei area

图3 辽北地区各时期活动断裂体系平面分布图

Fig.3 Distribution of fault systems in the Liaobei area during different periods

图4 主干断裂平均垂直活动速率分布直方图

Fig.4 Vertical displacement rate of the major faults in different periods

图5 辽北地区典型地质剖面各地质时期伸展率直方图

Fig.5 Extension rate of typical geological section in the Liaobei area

图6 辽北地区过井构造演化剖面(ILN9700)

Fig.6 Diagram showing the structural evolution profile for ILN9700

图7 辽北地区新生代构造演化模式图

Fig.7 Schematic Cenozoic tectonic evolution diagram for the Liaobei area

参考文献 21

[1]	漆家福, 陈发景. 辽东湾—下辽河裂陷盆地的构造样式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 1992,13(3):272-283.
[2]	周心怀, 刘震, 李潍莲. 辽东湾断陷油气成藏机理[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2009: 70-80.
[3]	徐长贵, 周心怀, 邓津辉, 等. 辽西凹陷锦州25-1大型轻质油田发现的地质意义[J]. 中国海上油气, 2010,22(1):7-11.
[4]	蒋子文, 王嗣敏, 徐长贵, 等. 渤海海域辽东带中南部郯庐断裂走滑活动的沉积响应[J]. 现代地质, 2013,27(5):950-958.
[5]	任建业, 李思田. 西太平洋边缘海盆地的扩张过程和动力学背景[J]. 地学前缘, 2000,7(3):203-213.
[6]	李三忠, 索艳慧, 戴黎明, 等. 渤海湾盆地形成与华北克拉通破坏[J]. 地学前缘, 2010,17(4):64-89.
[7]	包汉勇, 郭战峰, 张罗磊, 等. 太平洋板块形成以来的中国东部构造动力学背景[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013,28(3):337-346.
[8]	漆家福, 邓荣敬, 周心怀, 等. 渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带构造[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2008,38(增刊):19-21.
[9]	漆家福, 周心怀, 王谦身. 渤海海域中郯庐深断裂带的结构模型及新生代运动学[J]. 中国地质, 2010,37(5):1231-1242.
[10]	黄雷, 周心怀, 刘池洋, 等. 渤海海域新生代盆地演化的重要转折期——证据及区域动力学分析[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(6):893-904.
[11]	丰成君, 张鹏, 戚帮申, 等. 郯庐断裂带附近地壳浅层现今构造应力场[J]. 现代地质, 2017,31(1):48-72.
[12]	NORTHRUP C J, ROYDEN L H, BURCHFIEL B C. Motion of the Pacific plate relation to Eurasia and its potential relation to Cenozoic extension along the eastern margin of Eurasia[J]. Geology, 1995,23:719-722.
[13]	ENGEBRESTON D C, COX A, GORDON R G. Relative motions between oceanic and continental plates in the Pacific basin[J]. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap, 1985,55(10):291-330.
[14]	林长松, 初凤友, 高金耀, 等. 论南海新生代的构造运动[J]. 海洋学报, 2007(4):87-96.
[15]	ALEX C, AVOUAC J P, ROYER J Y. India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of the Indian plate: Implications for the forces driving plate motions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978-2012), 2010,115:1190-1200.
[16]	LEE T Y, LAWVER L A. Cenozoic plate reconstruction of south east Asia[J]. Tectonic Physics, 1995,251:85-138.
[17]	MOLNAR P, TAPPONNIER R. Relation of the tectonics of eastern China to the India-Eurasia collision: Application of slip-line field theory to large-scale continental tectonics[J]. Geology, 1977,5:212-216.
[18]	彭波, 邹华耀. 渤海盆地现今岩石圈热结构及新生代构造-热演化史[J]. 现代地质, 2013,27(6):1399-1406.
[19]	JACKSON E D, SHAW H R, BAGGAR K E. Calculated geochronology and stress field orientation along the Hawiian chain[J]. Earth and Planet Sci Lett, 1975,26:145-155.
[20]	Morley C K. A tectonic model for the Tertiary evolution of strike-slip faults and rift basins in SE Asia[J]. Tectonophysics, 2002,347:189-215.
[21]	FLOWER M F J, TAMAKI K, HOANG N. Mantle extrusion: a model for dispersed volcanism and DUPAL-like atmosphere in east Asia and the western Pacific[J]. Geodynamics, 1998,22:67-88.