渤海湾盆地新生代火山岩分布特征及其地热勘探潜力

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.04.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

渤海湾盆地所在的京津冀地区是我国最主要的中深层水热型地热开发区域之一。按照盆地类型划分,渤海湾盆地属于以新生代为主的中—新生代叠合断陷盆地。岩石圈伸展作用控制了盆地凹陷区的分布,同时导致了火山作用进而影响了火成岩分布。渤海湾盆地新生代火山活动与不同区域裂陷、坳陷作用密切相关。古近纪盆地进入裂陷初期,构造火山活动强烈,火山岩沿盆内大断裂呈裂隙式喷发并广泛分布;新近纪,盆地进入坳陷期,构造火山活动强度明显减弱;第四纪以来,渤海湾盆地火山活动微弱,火山岩零星分布。盆地古近纪至前第四纪火山活动可划分5期,其中第四纪火山活动形成的火山机构及火山岩主要分布于河北省沧州市周边及渤海滨海地区。大山、小山两座(目前渤海湾盆地内发现最新的)火山机构玄武岩样品的放射性生热率分别为1.62~2.07 μW/m³和1.87 μW/m³,远高于渤海湾盆地新生界平均生热率0.80 μW/m³的数值,也高于我国其他地区新生代玄武岩类火山岩的放射性生热率,显示这两座火山机构所属的第四纪火山活动期形成的火山岩可能是额外热源,构成地热异常区甚至是近现代火山型干热岩资源勘探潜力区的条件。

关键词: 渤海湾盆地, 新生代火山岩, 火山机构, 地热勘探潜力

Abstract:

The Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is one of the most important areas of developing hydrothermal energy in China. According to the classification of basin types, the BBB belongs to a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed fault basin. The extension of lithospheric controls the distribution of sags in the basin, and meanwhile leads to volcanic activities that affects the distribution of igneous rocks. The Cenozoic volcanic activities were closely related to rifting and depression in different regions of the BBB. In the Paleogene, the BBB entered the initial stage of rifting, and the tectonic volcanic activities were intense. The volcanic rocks erupted along large faults in the basin and were widely distributed. In the Neogene, the basin entered a depression stage, and the intensity of tectonic volcanic activities were obviously weakened. Since the Quaternary, volcanic activities in the BBB were weak and volcanic rocks were sporadic distribution. Volcanic activities of Paleogene to pre-Quaternary in the BBB can be divided into five stages, in which the volcanic apparatus and volcanic rocks formed by Quaternary volcanic activities are mainly distributed in the areas of vicinity of Cangzhou City and the coastal areas of Bohai Sea. The calculation results of radioactive heat generation rate of the latest basalt samples of volcanic apparatus found in Dashan and Xiaoshan are 1.62 to 2.07 μW/m³ and 1.87 μW/m³, which are higher than the average heat generation rate of Cenozoic rocks (0.80 μW/m³) in BBB, and also higher than that of basalt volcanic rocks of Cenozoic in other parts of China. The heat generation rate shows that the volcanic rocks formed during the Quaternary volcanic active period may be used as additional heat sources, forming geothermal anomaly areas and even potential areas for exploration of modern volcanic hot-dry rock resources.

Key words: Bohai Bay Basin (BBB), Cenozoic volcanic rocks, volcanic apparatus, geothermal explorationpotential

中图分类号:

毛翔, 罗璐, 汪新伟, 国殿斌. 渤海湾盆地新生代火山岩分布特征及其地热勘探潜力[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(04): 858-864.

MAO Xiang, LUO Lu, WANG Xinwei, GUO Dianbin. Distribution Characteristics of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks and Its Geothermal Exploration Potential in Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(04): 858-864.

图/表 3

图1 渤海湾盆地新生代火山岩分布图(构造单元划分据文献[1];断裂分布据文献[30];古近系、新近系火山岩分布据文献[20];第四系火山岩分布据文献[21,22])

Fig.1 Distribution map of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Bohai Bay Basin

图2 渤海湾盆地京、津、冀、鲁、豫北地区大地热流等值线图(据Wang等[7])

Fig.2 Geothermal flow contour maps of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Northern Henan in the Bohai Bay Basin (after Wang等 [7])

图3 新生代玄武岩放射性生热率图(密度均选按3.0 g/cm3计算;放射性同位素数据自文献[27,36-40])

Fig.3 Radioactive heat generation rate map of Cenozoic basalts

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