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现代地质 ›› 2008, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 342-355.

• 成藏系统 • 上一篇    下一篇

东海陆坡及邻近槽底天然气水合物成藏条件分析与背景

栾锡武1,鲁银涛1,2,赵克斌3,孙冬胜4,李军1   

  1. 1中国科学院海洋研究所 海洋地质与环境重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071;
    2中国科学院 研究生院,北京 100049;
    3中国石油化工股份有限公司  石油勘探开发研究院  无锡石油地质研究所,江苏 无锡 214151;
    4中国石油化工股份有限公司 石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083
  • 收稿日期:2008-02-14 修回日期:2008-05-06 出版日期:2008-03-20 发布日期:2008-03-20
  • 作者简介:栾锡武,男,研究员,1966年出生,海洋地球物理专业,主要从事海洋地球物理的调查研究工作。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(40776032);中国科学院创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-211-01)

Geological Factors for the Development and Newly Advances in Exploration of Gas Hydrate in East China Sea Slope and Okinawa Trough

LUAN Xi-wu1, LU Yin-tao1,2,ZHAO Ke-bin3, SUN Dong-sheng4, LI Jun1   

  1. 1Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao,Shandong 266071, China;
    2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;
    3Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi,Jiangsu 214151, China ;
    4Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2008-02-14 Revised:2008-05-06 Online:2008-03-20 Published:2008-03-20

摘要:

在西太平洋边缘海中,东海是唯一没有获得天然气水合物样品的边缘海。利用已有的地震资料、海底温度资料等,从沉积物来源、沉积地层厚度、烃源岩条件、沉积速率、海底温度—压力条件等方面对东海水合物成藏条件进行了分析。认为冲绳海槽沉积物源丰富,沉积厚度大,且发育烃源岩地层。冲绳海槽较高的沉积速率主要分布于冲绳海槽槽底沉积中心,以及西部陆坡连接海底峡谷底部的三角洲区域。根据冲绳海槽实测的海底温度数据,整个冲绳海槽地区600 m以深的范围都能够满足水合物发育的温度、压力条件。以温度梯度为30 ℃/km计算,冲绳海槽中水合物稳定域的最大厚度为650 m。冲绳海槽盆地中普遍发育的底辟构造、背斜构造等局部构造,以及网格状断裂系统,为烃类气流体的向上及侧向运移创造了有利条件,成为天然气水合物发育的有利区带。根据已经发现的BSR特征来看,东海地区天然气水合物前景广阔。

关键词: 东海陆坡, 冲绳海槽, 天然气水合物, 成藏条件, 多道地震, 前景

Abstract:

Up to now, East China Sea is the only marginal sea in which gas hydrate samples haven’t been revealed in the West Pacific. Based on the geological and geophysical data obtained both from our past several cruises and from other publications, geological factors including sedimentary sources, sedimentary thickness, source rock, sedimentation rate, temperature and pressure distribution that control gas hydrate development have been analysed. The paper points out   that East China Sea has abundant sedimentary sources supplied mainly by Changjiang River and partly by Huanghe River which have the capability of transporting 1,498×106 t of sediment each year from mainland China to East China Sea, Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea. Several sedimentary centers have been clearly revealed along East China Sea Slope and west part of Okinawa Trough by our seismic data. Sediment thicknesses of those centers are all over 5 km with the earliest sediment layer since around Eocene or even Oligocene time. We believe that source rock is existing among the deeper part of the sediment center either Eocene layer or Oligocene layer which have already been confirmed as good quality source rock in East China Shelf Basin by drilling works, and hydrocarbons might be generated earlier from the source rock in those centers than in shelf basin due to higher temperature gradient in slope and trough area as comparing with that of the shelf area. Sedimentation rate along the slope and trough varies from several cm/ka to 400 cm/ka, with higher values mainly constraining in the sediment centers and delta area which is connecting to the end of slope canyons and distributing at the most west part of trough basin. Based on our measured sea floor temperature data, gas hydrates can only developed in the slope and trough area with water depth over than 600 m. Gas hydrates-stability-zone can be as thick as 650 m when take temperature gradient as 30 ℃/km, but thinning to northeast along the axis of Okinawa Trough and to northwest up to the slope as the water depth changing shallower and sea floor temperature changing warmer. Local geological structures like mud diapir, anticline, fracture system are quite common in the study area, and they mainly control the fluid migration forming a favorable environment for the gas hydrate development and preservation in the study area. Based on our analysis, and BSRs found on some seismic profiles, we believe that the reason for gas hydrates unrevealling in East China Sea as comparing with other marginal seas is mainly due to the relatively lower exploration level.

Key words: East China Sea Slope, Okinawa Trough, gas hydrate, geological factor, seismic exploration, advance

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