塔里木盆地17号走滑断裂带北段差异变形与演化特征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地17号走滑断裂带是一条贯穿塔中隆起与阿满过渡带的大型走滑断裂带。近年来沿该断裂带的油气勘探取得了重要突破。本文主要基于富满油田区域内最新三维地震资料,对17号走滑断裂带北段的变形特征及其活动过程进行分析。结果表明,17号走滑断裂带在剖面上具有分层差异变形特征,寒武系盐下构造层断面直立、直插基底;中寒武统膏盐岩构造层发育少量分支断裂;上寒武统—中奥陶统碳酸盐岩构造层断裂活动性强,地层变形幅度较大;上奥陶统—石炭系碎屑岩构造层发育对倾正断层。平面上,17号走滑断裂带北段走向多变,可细分出北亚段、中亚段和南亚段,分别呈线性延伸、断裂叠接和发育辫状构造等特征。17号走滑断裂带在中奥陶统灰岩顶面主要表现为线性延伸,而在志留系顶面呈雁列式展布。17号走滑断裂带在中奥陶世和晚奥陶世—石炭纪发生左旋走滑活动,活动强度北强南弱。17号走滑断裂带主要经历了早加里东期初始发育、中加里东期发育成熟以及晚加里东—海西期发育衰退的形成演化阶段。

关键词: 17号走滑断裂带, 分层差异变形, 形成演化, 富满油田, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The No.17 strike-slip fault zone in Tarim Basin is a large strike-slip fault zone that runs through the transitional zone between the Tazhong Uplift and the Afghani Manchu area.A series of important breakthroughs have been made in oil and gas exploration along this fault zone in recent years.Based on the new 3D seismic data in Fuman oilfield, we analyze the spatial structure and evolution processes of the northern segment of the No.17 strike-slip fault zone, and discuss the relationship between the spatial structure and oil properties.The results show that the No.17 strike-slip fault zone has stratified deformation characteristics in the profile.The fault zone in the Cambrian subsalt structural layer is straight into the basement, a few branch faults are deve-loped in the Middle Cambrian salt structural layer, and the Upper Cambrian-Middle Ordovician carbonate structural layer has strong fault activity and a large deformation range.In the Upper Ordovician-Carboniferous clastic structural layer, normal faults are developed.On plane view, the northern section of the No.17 strike-slip fault zone has variable strike direction, which can be subdivided into the north, middle and south subsections.The north subsection has long linear fault extension, the middle subsection has obvious fault overlapping characteristics, and the south subsection has a braided structure.Under the top surface of Middle Ordovician limestone, the faults are mainly linear extending, while on the top surface of Silurian, they are in an echelon pattern.The No.17 strike-slip fault zone has sinistral strike-slip activity in the Middle Ordovician and Late Ordovician-Carboniferous, and the activity intensity is strong in the north and weak in the south.According to the fault deformation and regional stress field characteristics, the evolution of the fault zone can be divided into the early Caledonian fault initial development stage, the middle Caledonian fault mature stage, and the late Caledonian-Hercynian demise stage.

Key words: No.17 strike-slip fault zone, stratified differential deformation, formation and evolution, Fuman oil field, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

P618.130.2

王清华. 塔里木盆地17号走滑断裂带北段差异变形与演化特征[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1136-1145.

WANG Qinghua. Differential Deformation and Evolution Characteristics of the No.17 Strike-slip Fault Zone in the Tarim Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(05): 1136-1145.

图/表 8

图1 塔里木盆地阿满过渡带及邻区构造单元划分和一间房组顶面主要断裂分布(据文献[27-28]修改)

Fig.1 Tectonic units and major faults in the transitional zone between the Awati and Manjiaer depressions, Tarim Basin (modified from references [27-28])

图2 塔里木盆地富满地区地层综合柱状图(据文献[28]修改)

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column in Fuman area, Tarim Basin (modified from reference [28])

图3 阿满过渡带17号走滑断裂带北段剖面特征对比(剖面位置见图1)

Fig.3 Comparison of profile characteristics of the northern No.17 strike-slip fault zone in the transitional zone between the Awati and Manjiaer depressions (seeing Fig.1 for the profile location)

图4 17号走滑断裂带北段各层位平面相干切片及其断裂解释 (a)下寒武统底面相干切片;(b)上寒武统底面断裂解释;(c)上寒武统界面相干切片;(d)上寒武统底面断裂解释;(e)中奥陶统顶面相干切片;(f)中奥陶统顶面断裂解释;(g)志留系底面相干切片;(h)志留系底面断裂解释

Fig.4 Plane coherence and interpretation of the northern No.17 strike-slip fault zone

表1 17号走滑断裂带各亚段、层系发育特征对比

Table 1 Comparison of the development characteristics of each segment and strata of the No.17 strike-slip fault zone

亚段	延伸长度 (km)		最大变形幅度 (m)		最大破碎带宽度 (km)
亚段	中奥陶统顶界面	志留系底界面	中奥陶统顶界面	志留系底界面	中奥陶统顶界面	志留系底界面
北亚段	20.8	7.8	98	87	0.7	10.5
中亚段	20.4	20.6	189	147	1.1	6.4
南亚段	26.1	24.8	47	72	1.9	4.6

图5 17号走滑断裂带走滑断裂旋向判别标志 (a)地震剖面显示一间房组顶界面附近地层强烈下掉;(b)志留系底界面相干切片及断裂解释;(c)石炭系底界面相干切片及断裂解释

Fig.5 Rotation discrimination indicator of the No.17 strike-slip fault zone

图6 17号走滑断裂带不同界面垂向变形幅度特征 (a)志留系底界面(TS);(b)上奥陶统底界面(TO3t)

Fig.6 Vertical deformation amplitude characteristics of different layers along the No.17 strike-slip fault zone

图7 塔里木盆地17号走滑断裂带演化模式

Fig.7 Evolution models for the No.17 strike-slip fault zone

参考文献 35

[1]	HILL M. Sanandreas fault: History of concepts[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1981, 92: 112-131. DOI URL
[2]	SYLVESTER A G. Strike-slip faults[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1988, 100(11): 1666-1703. DOI URL
[3]	WOODCOCK N H. The role of strike-slip fault systems at plate boundaries[J]. Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions (Series A), 1986, 317: 13-29.
[4]	COOPER A F, NORRIS R J. Anatomy, structural evolution, and slip rate of a plate-boundary thrust: The Alpine fault at Gaunt Creek, Westland, New Zealand[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1994, 106(5): 627. DOI URL
[5]	DAN M. The East Anatolian Fault: A major structure in eastern Turkey[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1976, 29(1): 189-193. DOI URL
[6]	徐嘉炜, 马国锋. 郯庐断裂带研究的十年回顾[J]. 地质论评, 1992, 38(4): 316-324.
[7]	朱光, 徐嘉炜, 孙世群. 郯庐断裂带平移时代的同位素年龄证据[J]. 地质论评, 1995, 41(5): 452-456.
[8]	万天丰, 朱鸿. 郯庐断裂带的最大左行走滑断距及其形成时期[J]. 高校地质学报, 1996, 2(1): 14-27.
[9]	乔秀夫, 张安棣. 华北块体、胶辽朝块体与郯庐断裂[J]. 中国地质, 2002, 29(4): 337-345.
[10]	余一欣, 周心怀, 徐长贵, 等. 渤海辽东湾坳陷走滑断裂差异变形特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(5): 632-638.
[11]	刘永江, 葛肖虹, GENSER J, 等. 阿尔金断裂带构造活动的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄证据[J]. 科学通报, 2003, 48(12): 1335-1341.
[12]	李海兵, 杨经绥, 许志琴, 等. 阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约[J]. 地学前缘, 2006, 13(4): 59-79.
[13]	GOGONENKOV G N, TIMURZIEV A I. Strike-slip faults in the West Siberian Basin: Implications for petroleum exploration anddevelopment[J]. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2010, 51(3): 304-316. DOI URL
[14]	DENG S, LI H L, ZHANG Z P, et al. Structural characterization of intracratonic strike-slip faults in the central Tarim Basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2019, 103(1): 109-137. DOI URL
[15]	TENG C Y, CAI Z X, HAO F, et al. Structural geometry and evolution of an intracratonic strike-slip fault zone: A case study from the north SB5 fault zone in the Tarim Basin, China[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2020, 140: 104159. DOI URL
[16]	焦方正, 杨雨, 冉崎, 等. 四川盆地中部地区走滑断层的分布与天然气勘探[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(8): 92-101.
[17]	漆立新. 塔里木盆地顺托果勒隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩超深层油气突破及其意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(3): 38-51.
[18]	焦方正. 塔里木盆地顺托果勒地区北东向走滑断裂带的油气勘探意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(5): 831-839.
[19]	韩剑发, 苏洲, 陈利新, 等. 塔里木盆地台盆区走滑断裂控储控藏作用及勘探潜力[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(11): 1296-1310. DOI
[20]	林波, 云露, 李海英, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北5号走滑断层空间结构及其油气关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(6): 1344-1353, 1400.
[21]	王清华, 杨海军, 汪如军, 等. 塔里木盆地超深层走滑断裂断控大油气田的勘探发现与技术创新[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(4): 58-71.
[22]	云露, 朱秀香. 一种新型圈闭:断控缝洞型圈闭[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(1): 34-42.
[23]	王清华, 杨海军, 李勇, 等. 塔里木盆地富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区走滑断裂控储模式[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(6): 239-251. DOI
[24]	黄诚. 叠合盆地内部小尺度走滑断裂幕式活动特征及期次判别: 以塔里木盆地顺北地区为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(3): 379-389.
[25]	邓尚, 李慧莉, 韩俊, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北5号走滑断裂中段活动特征及其地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(5): 990-998, 1073.
[26]	邬光辉, 马兵山, 韩剑发, 等. 塔里木克拉通盆地中部走滑断裂形成与发育机制[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(3): 510-520. DOI
[27]	贾承造, 马德波, 袁敬一, 等. 塔里木盆地走滑断裂构造特征、形成演化与成因机制[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(8): 81-91.
[28]	况安鹏, 余一欣, 朱秀香, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北地区11号走滑断裂带变形及其活动特征[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(6): 1809-1817.
[29]	张银涛, 陈石, 刘强, 等. 塔里木盆地富满油田F_Ⅰ19断裂发育特征及演化模式[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(2): 283-295.
[30]	何登发, 贾承造, 德生, 等. 塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(1): 64-77.
[31]	李萌, 汤良杰, 漆立新, 等. 塔北隆起南坡差异构造演化及其对油气成藏的控制[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(2): 218-228.
[32]	安海亭, 李海银, 王建忠, 等. 塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2009, 33(1): 142-147.
[33]	林畅松, 李思田, 刘景彦, 等. 塔里木盆地古生代重要演化阶段的古构造格局与古地理演化[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(1): 210-218.
[34]	李本亮, 管树巍, 李传新, 等. 塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征[J]. 地质论评, 2009, 55(4): 521-530.
[35]	许志琴, 李思田, 张建新, 等. 塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(1): 1-22.