河南新乡第四纪地层划分与沉积环境分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新乡位于豫西北山地与豫东平原过渡位置,黄河冲积扇的不断发展以及第四纪早期的新构造运动对该区第四纪沉积过程产生影响。通过对新乡多个钻孔岩心进行系统性描述、年龄测试、沉积相分析以及钻孔地层间对比分析,结果显示:黄河冲积扇的发展及黄河主河道的南北向迁移,是研究区第四纪沉积过程的重要影响因素,研究区第四纪沉积相以河流相为主,横向上对比良好;多个场地的钻孔揭示研究区全新统厚度约10 m,平均年龄9.5 ka左右;更新统上部厚度约69 m,平均年龄129 ka左右;更新统中部厚度约55 m,平均年龄小于829 ka;更新统下部未见底。在第四纪早期,黄河冲积扇主河道在研究区西侧,尚未发育到新乡地区,对该区的影响较小,以细粒的泛滥平原沉积物为主;第四纪中期,黄河冲积扇快速向东部发展,河道迁移至研究区北东侧,沉积了明显的河流相,砂体厚度明显增加;第四纪中晚期,基本继承前期的河流相沉积,随着河道南迁,砂体含量有所下降。受到新构造运动的影响,新乡地区第四纪地层北东部出现沉积间断,并且局部地区出现差异沉降,北东侧地势高于南西侧。

关键词: 第四纪, 地层划分, 沉积相, 沉积环境, 河南新乡

Abstract:

Xinxiang is located between the mountainous region of northwest Henan and the plain of east Henan. Both the evolution of Yellow River alluvial fan and the Neotectonic movement have significant effect on the sedimentary process of the study area in Quaternary. This research dated core samples’ age and compared sedimentary facies of the stratigraphy in the study area according to the description of the core. The result implies that both the evolution of the Yellow River alluvial fan and the movement of the river channel from north to south play an important role in the sedimentation of the study area in Quaternary. Fluvial facies are the main sedimentary facies in this area. And all the drillholes reveal that the thickness of Holocene series is 10 m with the average age of about 9.5 ka, and the thickness of the Upper Pleistocene series is 69 m with the average age of 129 ka, and the thickness of the Middle Pleistocene series is 55 m with the average age less than 829 ka. This study didn’t find the bottom interface of the Lower Pleistocene series. In Early Quaternary, the Yellow River alluvial fan located at the west of the study area, and the river channel’s evolution had little effect on Xinxiang. The main sediments were of fine grained flood plain. As with the movement of the Yellow River from southwest to northeast, the main sediments were of the fluvial facies, and the sand became more than ever. In the Late Quaternary, the river channel moved to the south, thus the Yellow River alluvial fan had less impact on the study area than in the middle period of Quaternary, and the sand content decreased. In addition, this research suggests that the hiatus of the northeast of the study area and the differential subsidence in some region are the result of the Neotectonic movement in Early Quaternary. And the terrain in the northeast of the study area is higher than that in the southwest.

Key words: Quaternary, stratigraphic subdivision, sedimentary facies, sedimentary environment, Xinxiang of Henan Province

中图分类号:

P535

郑建彬, 陈建强. 河南新乡第四纪地层划分与沉积环境分析[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(01): 81-91.

ZHENG Jianbin, CHEN Jianqiang. Stratigraphic Subdivision and Sedimentary Facies of Quaternary Sediments in Xinxiang of Henan Province[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(01): 81-91.

图/表 12

图1 研究区第四纪地层分区及钻孔位置(据文献[4-5,7?-9]) ①汤阴地堑;②东濮地陷;③开封凹陷;④洛阳—洛宁盆地;⑤三门峡—灵宝盆地

Fig.1 Stratigraphic subregion of Quaternary and drillholes in the study area (according to references of [4-5,7?-9])

图2 研究区第四纪地层划分沿革

Fig.2 Evolution of Quaternary stratigraphic division of the study area

表1 XZ2-3孔样品测年结果及测试方法

Table 1 Dating results and test methods of samples from drillhole of XZ2-3

样品编号	深度/ m	岩性	年龄/ kaBP	平均沉积速率/(mm/a)	测试方法
XZ2-3 O1	5.5	黏土	6.3±0.6	0.87	OSL测年
XZ2-3 O3	22.0	粉砂质黏土	54.1±2.4	0.40	OSL测年
XZ2-3 O4	48.0	黏土	105.5±10.6	0.45	OSL测年
XZ2-3 O8	69.0	粉砂质黏土	134±10	0.66	OSL测年
XZ2-3 O12	102.6	黏土	143±14	0.72	OSL测年
XZ2-3 O11	129.1	黏土	186±18	0.70	ESR测年
XZ2-3 O11	134.0	黏土	244±20	0.54	ESR测年
XZ2-3 O13	157.8	黏土	335±30	0.47	ESR测年

表2 XZ1-2孔样品测年结果及测试方法

Table 2 Dating results and test methods of samples from drillhole XZ1-2

样品编号	深度/ m	岩性	年龄/ kaBP	平均沉积速率/(mm/a)	测试方法
XZ1-2 O1	5.2	黏土	6.2±0.6	0.84	OSL测年
XZ1-2 O3	22.0	细砂	61.3±6.1	0.36	OSL测年
XZ1-2 O11	50.0	中细砂	115.4±11.5	0.43	OSL测年
XZ1-2 O16	68.7	中细砂	129.1±12.2	0.57	OSL测年
XZ1-2 O18	78.6	黏土	116.8±10.7	0.67	OSL测年
XZ1-2 O28	109.5	黏土	144.1±13.4	0.76	ESR测年
XZ1-2 O26	104.0	黏土	153±15	0.68	ESR测年
XZ1-2 O29	114.5	细砂	270±25	0.42	ESR测年

表3 BK2孔样品测年结果及测试方法

Table 3 Dating results and test methods of samples from drillhole BK2

样品编号	深度/ m	岩性	年龄/ kaBP	平均沉积速率/(mm/a)	测试方法
BK2C1	3.2	粉砂质黏土	1.650±0.03	1.94	¹⁴C测年
BK2C2	8.9	粉砂质黏土	4.035±0.03 (误差较大)	2.21	¹⁴C测年
BK2C3	19.9	泥质粉砂	16.865±0.1	1.18	¹⁴C测年
BK2-T1	53.5	粉砂质黏土	108.1±10.6	0.49	OSL测年
BK2-T2	66.2	泥质粉砂	125.1±11.5	0.58	OSL测年
BK2-T5	77.3	泥质粉砂	124.7±12.5	0.68	OSL测年
BK2-T9	108.0	细砂	137.6±13.8	0.78	OSL测年
BK2-T15	126.6	粉砂质黏土	153.1±15.3	0.83	OSL测年
BK2-T19	160.2	泥质粉砂	484±48	0.28	OSL测年
BK2-T20	171.8	泥质粉砂	829±82	0.21	ESR测年
BK2-T24	192.6	泥质粉砂	949±94	0.20	ESR测年

图3 代表性钻孔深度与年龄关系图

Fig.3 Relationship between drilling depth and dating result of samples

图4 BK2孔钻孔柱状图及沉积相划分(据文献[9])

Fig.4 Lithological column and sedimentary-facies classification of drillhole BK2(according to reference [9])

图5 钻孔BK2样品粒度参数散点图

Fig.5 Scatter diagram of grain size parameters of samples from drillhole BK2

图6 钻孔BK2沉积物特征与粒度C-M图解(岩性说明同图4)

Fig.6 Sedimentary characteristics and C-M pattern of sediments in drillhole BK2

图7 研究区第四系代表性钻孔对比与沉积相展布(岩性说明同图4)

Fig.7 Comparison of the representative drillholes and the distribution of sedimentary facies of Quaternary in the study are

图8 研究区北部不整合接触

Fig.8 Unconformable contact of cores form the north of the study area

图9 研究区黄河冲积扇体第四纪古地理演化(据文献[24,27]修改)

Fig.9 Evolution of paleogeography of the Yellow River alluvial fan in the study area in Quaternary(modified after references of[24] and [27])

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