江汉盆地潜江凹陷北部潜江组盐湖重力流沉积特征与模式

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组盐湖沉积中首次发现大范围的重力流沉积,关于其沉积特征、成因机制、主控因素和有利岩相尚有待深入研究。本研究通过对潜江凹陷北部20口取心井的精细观察,结合测录井、薄片、矿物成分和粒度分析,识别出10种重力流相关的岩相。研究区重力流沉积可分为4种成因相类型,包括风暴重力流沉积、滑动-滑塌沉积、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积。根据岩相组合类型,将重力流沉积划分为近端、中端和远端沉积。地震、风暴和洪水为重力流沉积的诱发因素,潜4⁰沉积期气候干旱,潭口地区的次级断裂带活动,引发斜坡带沉积物的滑动滑塌。潜4^0中沉积期为盐湖淡化期,洪水引发长距离搬运的超密度流体。碎屑流成因的纯净块状粉砂岩、细砂岩和浊流成因的平行层理砂岩为有利储集体。平行层理粉砂岩、块状粉砂岩和泥岩的组合是在流体转化过程中形成的优势岩相组合。

关键词: 盐湖重力流, 沉积特征, 沉积模式, 潜江凹陷, 潜江组

Abstract:

Large-scale gravity flow deposits were first doscovered in the saline lake deposits of the Qianjiang Formation within the Qianjiang Depression. Their depositional characteristics, diagenetic mechanisms, main controlling factors, and favorable lithofacies require further investigation. Through petrographic observations of 20 core wells, combined with logging data, thin sections, mineralogical composition, and grain size analysis, ten gravity flow-related lithofacies were identified. The gravity flow deposits can be classified into four genetic facies: storm gravity flow, sliding-slumping, debris flow, and turbidity flow deposits. Based on lithofacies associations, the gravity flow deposits can be further subdivided into proximal, middle, and distal deposits. During the sedimentation of Mbr4⁰, the climate was dry, and the secondary fracture zone in the Tankou area was active, leading to sliding and slumping. During the sedimentation of Mbr4^0M, the climate was relatively humid, and flooding triggered the long-distance transport of hyperconcentrated flows. Pure massive siltstones and fine sandstones from clastic flows, as well as parallel laminated sandstones from turbidity flows, are favorable reservoir rocks. The combination of parallel laminated siltstone, massive siltstone, and mudstone is the dominant lithofacies associations formed during fluid transformation.

Key words: saline lake gravity flow, sedimentary characteristics, depositional model, Qianjiang Depression, Qianjiang Formation

中图分类号:

P588.2

包汉勇, 郭丽彬, 葛涛元, 姜在兴. 江汉盆地潜江凹陷北部潜江组盐湖重力流沉积特征与模式[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(05): 1291-1305.

BAO Hanyong, GUO Libin, GE Taoyuan, JIANG Zaixing. Characteristics and Modeling of Saline Lake Gravity Flow Deposition in the Qianjiang Formation, Northern Qianjiang Depression, Jianghan Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(05): 1291-1305.

图/表 11

图1 江汉盆地潜江凹陷北部区域构造与地层特征 (a)江汉盆地区域构造特征,据文献[1]修改;(b)潜江凹陷北部构造区域,据文献[1]和[23]修改;(c)潜江凹陷北部地震剖面(剖面位置见图(b))

Fig.1 Regional tectonic and stratigraphic characteristics of the Northern Qianjiang Depression, Jianghan Basin

图2 潜江凹陷潜江组综合柱状图(据文献[1]修改)

Fig.2 Stratigraphic histogram of the Qianjiang Formation of the Qianjiang depression (revised according to reference [1])

图3 滑动-滑塌沉积和风暴沉积 (a)灰色粉砂岩,卷曲构造,潭26井,1038.5 m;(b)黄褐色细砂岩,发育滑移面,王57井,2667 m;(c)灰色粉砂岩,滑塌构造,钟98井,2644.41 m;(d)灰色细砂岩,重荷模、包卷层理和火焰构造,广斜73井,3409.48 m;(e)黄褐色细砂岩,球枕构造,周30井,2597.98 m;(f)深灰色粉砂质泥岩,液化脉,广24井,3165.38 m;(g)阶梯状断层和变形构造,黄20-斜10,2280.65 m;(h)灰褐色粉砂岩,发育“V”字型泥砾,广斜73井,3406.17 m;(i)灰褐色粉砂岩,洼状层理,广斜73井,3415.10 m;(j)灰褐色粉砂岩,洼状层理,广斜73井,3415.10 m

Fig.3 Sliding-slumping and storm deposition

图4 砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积 (a)块状细砂岩,含泥质条带,钟62井,2351.8 m;(b)块状细砂岩,钟98井,2916.72 m;(c)块状粉砂岩,含泥砾,广斜73井,3405.55 m;(d)块状泥质粉砂岩,含泥砾,广斜73井,3405.55 m;(e)浪成交错层理粉砂岩,广斜73井,3409.62 m;(f)波状层理粉砂岩,广斜73井,3410.78 m;(g)平行层理泥质粉砂岩,广86斜井,2852.76 m;(h)块状泥岩,广86斜井,2858.35 m;(i)正粒序粉砂岩,广86斜井,2852.88 m

Fig.4 Sandy debris flow and turbidity flow deposition

图5 粒度概率曲线图和C-M图解 (a)滑塌沉积粒度概率曲线,广斜73井,3409.85 m;(b)碎屑流粒度概率曲线,广斜73井,3406.65 m;(c)浊流沉积C-M图解,广斜73井;(d)浊流沉积C-M图解,广斜73井;C. 粒度累积曲线上颗粒含量为 1%对应的粒径;M.粒度累积曲线上 50%处对应的粒径;QR.递变悬浮沉积;RS.均匀悬浮沉积;PQ. 悬浮沉积,含油少数滚动搬用组分;OP.滚动搬运;NO.滚动搬运

Fig.5 Particle size probability plots and C-M diagrams

图6 潜北地区6种重力流岩相组合

Fig.6 Lithofacies associations of gravity flow in the Northern Qianjiang Depression

图7 广斜73井岩心和岩相组合特征 Sm.块状粉砂岩;Fm.块状细砂岩;Sp.平行层理粉砂岩;Shc.丘状交错层理粉砂岩;Mm.块状泥岩;Swrc.浪成沙纹交错层理粉砂岩;Sng.正粒序粉砂岩;Sd.变形构造粉砂岩;Sw.波状层理粉砂岩;Fd.变形构造细砂岩;LA1—LA6重力流岩相组合特征详见第4.1节的文字描述

Fig.7 Core and lithofacies associations of Well Guangxie 73

图8 广86斜井岩心和岩相组合特征 Sm.块状粉砂岩;Fm.块状细砂岩;Sp.平行层理粉砂岩;Shc.丘状交错层理粉砂岩;Mm.块状泥岩;Swrc.浪成沙纹交错层理粉砂岩;Sng.正粒序粉砂岩;Sd.变形构造粉砂岩;Sw.波状层理粉砂岩;Fd.变形构造细砂岩;LA1—LA6重力流岩相组合特征详见第4.1节的文字描述

Fig.8 Core and lithofacies associations of Well Guang 86-Xie

图9 潜北地区潜40(a)和潜40中(b)沉积微相图

Fig.9 Sedimentary microfacies map of Mbr40(a) and Mbr40M(b) in the Northern Qianjiang Depression

图10 潜江凹陷北部重力流沉积模式

Fig.10 Gravity flow deposition model in the Northern Qianjiang Depression

表1 潜江凹陷北部不同岩相储层物性参数

Table 1 Reservoir property parameters of different lithofacies in the Northern Qianjiang Depression

岩相	孔隙度(%)			渗透率(10^-3μm²)			可动流体(%)			含油饱和度(%)
岩相	Min	Max	Avg	Min	Max	Avg	Min	Max	Avg	Min	Max	Avg
纯净块状细砂岩	8.29	12.13	10.69	1.81	16.85	11.01	66.18	76.33	72.56	18.61	20.82	19.48
洼状层理粉砂岩	9.92	9.92	9.92	4.74	4.74	4.74	68.88	68.88	68.88	14.30	14.30	14.30
平行层理粉砂岩	8.10	9.18	8.81	0.94	3.15	2.07	59.60	67.81	63.68	3.75	18.97	9.65
变形构造粉砂岩	7.42	9.06	8.33	0.18	1.07	0.72	43.28	58.87	51.99	2.22	3.47	2.71
浪成交错层理细砂岩	5.23	10.30	7.12	0.02	9.68	3.25	31.70	74.58	49.45	4.17	18.95	9.73
块状粉砂岩(含泥砾)	3.39	8.91	6.09	0	1.07	0.33	1.50	60.93	34.15	1.18	22.01	13.96

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