乌兹别克中卡兹库姆地貌特征对砂岩型铀矿赋存的制约

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.05.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了理清地形地貌对砂岩型铀矿赋存的制约作用,基于GIS技术,利用DEM影像数据提取了中卡兹库姆地区高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度及条带剖面等各类地貌因子,并与研究区探明的砂岩型铀矿进行空间关联与定量化分析。研究结果表明砂岩型铀矿赋存的有利地形地貌条件:高程为100~400 m、坡度为0°~5°、地形起伏度为10~35 m、亚流域面积-高程积分值为0.3~0.6;中卡兹库姆地区存在4个较为明显的夷平面,高程分别为:Ⅰ级2 200 m,Ⅱ级1 600 m,Ⅲ级1 100 m,Ⅳ级330~400 m,砂岩型铀矿发育于Ⅳ级夷平面附近;砂岩型铀矿集中于低海拔和低地形起伏度的地区,二者可作为砂岩型铀矿找矿预测的主要参考因素。最后根据地貌因子圈定了中卡兹库姆地区砂岩型铀矿赋存的有利区域,为该区砂岩型铀矿找矿提供依据。

关键词: 中卡兹库姆, DEM, 地貌特征, 砂岩型铀矿, GIS

Abstract:

The region of Mid-Kezelkum, located at the western of Tianshan orogenic belt in Central Asia, is a famous sandstone-hosted uranium metallogenic province in the world. In order to clean up the controls of the topographic and geomorphic conditions on both formation and conservation of sandstone-hosted U deposits. The elevation, slope, aspect, surface rolling, swath profile, and other kinds of geomorphic features are extracted from digital elevation model (DEM) data using geographic information system (GIS) technology, and geomorphic features with sandstone-hosted U deposits are quantified in this paper. The results show that the favorable landforms for sandstone-hosted U deposits are the elevation of 100 m, the slope of 0°-5°, the topographic relief of 10-35 m, and the sub-basin hypsometric integral (HI) of 0.3-0.6. There are 4 clear planation surfaces in Mid-Kezelkum, and the elevation are 2 200 m (I), 1 600 m (II), 1 100 m (III), and 330-400 m (IV), respectively. The sandstone-hosted U deposits were developed near the IV planation surface. By analyzing the correlation of different geomorphic factors, the sandstone-hosted U deposits are concentrated in the low-altitude and low-relief regions. Both of which can be used as the main factors for prediction of prospecting for sandstone-hosted U deposits. In addition, the favorable sandstone-hosted U deposit areas are delineated by means of spatial analysis and geomorphic features which provide the basis for further prospecting in Mid-Kezelkum.

Key words: Mid-Kezelkum, DEM, geomorphic features, sandstone-hosted U deposit, GIS

中图分类号:

P627
P619.14

孙岳, 潘家永, 陈正乐, 韩凤彬, 刘文恒, 肖伟峰. 乌兹别克中卡兹库姆地貌特征对砂岩型铀矿赋存的制约[J]. 现代地质, 2019, 33(05): 1070-1078.

SUN Yue, PAN Jiayong, CHEN Zhengle, HAN Fengbin, LIU Wenheng, XIAO Weifeng. Geomorphic Features and Its Constraint to Sandstone-hosted U Deposits Occurrence in Mid-Kezelkum, Uzbekistan[J]. Geoscience, 2019, 33(05): 1070-1078.

图/表 17

图1 研究区DEM及铀矿点分布图 1.第四系;2.新近系;3.古近系;4.白垩系;5.元古宇与古生界变质岩;6.中酸性侵入岩;7.地层界线;8.断层;9.砂岩型铀矿

Fig.1 The DEM and uranium deposits distribution map of the study area

表1 中卡兹库姆地区高程统计

Table 1 The elevation statistic value of the Mid-Kezelkum area

高程/m	百分比/%	累积百分比/%
<500	67.84	67.84
500~1 000	24.66	92.50
1 000~1 500	4.88	97.38
1 500~2 000	1.92	99.30
2 000~2 500	0.60	99.90
2 500~3 000	0.07	99.97
3 000~3 500	0.02	99.99
>3 500	0.01	100

表2 铀矿点高程统计值

Table 2 The elevation statistic value of the uranium deposits

铀矿点	最大高程/m	最小高程/m	平均值/m	标准差/m
	637	129	343	147.4

图2 砂岩型铀矿高程分布直方图

Fig.2 The elevation distribution histogram of the sandstone-hosted U deposits

图3 研究区4种高程分析图 a.最小高程图;b.最大高程图;c.平均高程图;d.地形起伏度图

Fig.3 Four types of DEM maps of the study area

图4 砂岩型铀矿地形起伏度分布直方图

Fig.4 The topographic relief distribution histogram of the sandstone-hosted U deposits

图5 中卡兹库姆地区坡度图

Fig.5 The slope map of the Mid-Kezelkum area

表3 中卡兹库姆地区坡度统计

Table 3 The slope statistic value of the Mid-Kezelkum area

坡度划分	百分比/%	累计百分比/%
平坦坡<5°	83.84	83.84
缓坡5°~15°	11.35	95.19
斜坡15°~25°	3.17	98.36
陡坡25°~35°	1.29	99.65
急坡35°~45°	0.29	99.94
险坡>45°	0.06	100

图6 砂岩型铀矿坡度分布直方图

Fig.6 The gradient distribution histogram of the sandstone-hosted U deposits

表4 砂岩型铀矿坡向统计表

Table 4 The aspect statistic value of the sandstone-hosted U deposits

铀矿点	最小坡向/(°)	最大坡向/(°)	平均值/(°)	标准差/(°)
	6.34	306.25	195.88	97.33

图7 砂岩型铀矿坡向分布直方图

Fig.7 The aspect distribution histogram of the sandstone-hosted U deposits

表5 亚流域及砂岩型铀矿所在亚流域HI统计

Table 5 The hypsometric integral (HI) statistic value of the sub-basins and sandstone-hosted U deposits

地点	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差
亚流域	0.009	0.874	0.414	0.117
铀矿点	0.315	0.677	0.441	0.094

图8 面积-高程积分分布直方图(a.亚流域HI;b.砂岩型铀矿所在亚流域HI)

Fig.8 The hypsometric integral (HI) distribution histogram of the sub-basins and sandstone-hosted U deposits

图9 中卡兹库姆地区a、b、c条带剖面线高程

Fig.9 The graphs of the a, b and c swath profiles in the Mid-Kezelkum

表6 地形因子相关系数

Table 6 The terrain factor correlation coefficient

	高程	坡度	坡向	地形起伏度	面积-高程积分
高程	1
坡度	0.112 053	1
坡向	0.544 539	0.205 519	1
地形起伏度	0.723 929	0.281 929	0.471 725	1
面积-高程积分	-0.211 66	-0.284 03	-0.452 61	-0.165 63	1

图10 高程与地形起伏度关系图

Fig.10 The relation diagram of the topographic relief and elevation

图11 中卡兹库姆地区砂岩型铀矿赋存有利区(红色)

Fig.11 The ore prospective area of sandstone-hosted U depo-sit in Mid-Kezelkum

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